公开(公告)号：US4871252A

公开(公告)日：1989-10-03

申请号：US926074

申请日：1986-10-30

申请人： Gerardo Beni ,  Alan Mar ,  C. John Landry

发明人： Gerardo Beni ,  Alan Mar ,  C. John Landry

IPC分类号： G01B9/021

CPC分类号： G01B9/021

摘要： Method and apparatus for positioning a three-dimensional object at a preselected position within a workstation. An optical system in the apparatus creates a 3-dimensional image of the object at the selected preselected position. An imaging device in the apparatus detects macroscopic features related to the extent of volume overlap between the object and image, and this information is used to direct the object, through a mechanical drive, toward a position of greater volume overlap with the image. In one aspect of the invention, the optical system produces a holographic image, and the imaging device is designed to detect both macroscopic features related to volume overlap, and interference fringes which form when the volume overlap between the image and object is within about 50 microns, providing object positioning to within about 50 microns. The apparatus may further include a system for analyzing the interference fringes, to determine the direction of object movement which increases fringe spacing, allowing volume overlap down to 1-3 microns or less.

摘要翻译： 用于将三维物体定位在工作站内的预选位置的方法和装置。 设备中的光学系统在所选择的预选位置处产生物体的三维图像。 该装置中的成像装置检测与物体和图像之间的体积重叠程度相关的宏观特征，并且该信息用于通过机械驱动将物体引导到与图像更大体积重叠的位置。 在本发明的一个方面，光学系统产生全息图像，并且成像装置被设计成检测与体积重叠相关的宏观特征以及当图像和物体之间的体积重叠在大约50微米内时形成的干涉条纹 提供物体定位在约50微米内。 该装置还可以包括用于分析干涉条纹的系统，以确定物体运动的方向，其增加条纹间距，允许体积重叠低于1-3微米或更小。

公开(公告)号：US06248992B1

公开(公告)日：2001-06-19

申请号：US09336340

申请日：1999-06-18

申请人： Albert G. Baca ,  Guillermo M. Loubriel ,  Alan Mar ,  Fred J Zutavern ,  Harold P. Hjalmarson ,  Andrew A. Allerman ,  Thomas E. Zipperian ,  Martin W. O'Malley ,  Wesley D. Helgeson ,  Gary J. Denison ,  Darwin J. Brown ,  Charles T. Sullivan ,  Hong Q. Hou

发明人： Albert G. Baca ,  Guillermo M. Loubriel ,  Alan Mar ,  Fred J Zutavern ,  Harold P. Hjalmarson ,  Andrew A. Allerman ,  Thomas E. Zipperian ,  Martin W. O'Malley ,  Wesley D. Helgeson ,  Gary J. Denison ,  Darwin J. Brown ,  Charles T. Sullivan ,  Hong Q. Hou

IPC分类号： H01J4014

CPC分类号： H01L31/09

摘要： A photoconductive semiconductor switch with tailored doping profile zones beneath and extending laterally from the electrical contacts to the device. The zones are of sufficient depth and lateral extent to isolate the contacts from damage caused by the high current filaments that are created in the device when it is turned on. The zones may be formed by etching depressions into the substrate, then conducting epitaxial regrowth in the depressions with material of the desired doping profile. They may be formed by surface epitaxy. They may also be formed by deep diffusion processes. The zones act to reduce the energy density at the contacts by suppressing collective impact ionization and formation of filaments near the contact and by reducing current intensity at the contact through enhanced current spreading within the zones.

摘要翻译： 光电导半导体开关，其具有定制的掺杂分布区域，并且从电触点横向延伸到器件。 这些区域具有足够的深度和横向范围，以将接触件隔离开，因为在开启设备时产生的高电流丝线所引起的损坏。 可以通过将凹陷蚀刻到衬底中，然后在具有所需掺杂分布的材料的凹陷中进行外延再生长来形成区域。 它们可以通过表面外延形成。 它们也可以由深扩散过程形成。 这些区域通过抑制接触点附近的集体冲击电离和细丝形成以及通过在区域内增强的电流扩散来减少接触处的电流强度来降低触点处的能量密度。

公开(公告)号：US07173295B1

公开(公告)日：2007-02-06

申请号：US10463058

申请日：2003-06-16

申请人： Alan Mar ,  Fred J. Zutavern ,  Guillermo Loubriel

发明人： Alan Mar ,  Fred J. Zutavern ,  Guillermo Loubriel

IPC分类号： H01L27/148

CPC分类号： H01L31/125 ,  H01L31/0232

摘要： An improved photoconductive semiconductor switch comprises multiple-line optical triggering of multiple, high-current parallel filaments between the switch electrodes. The switch can also have a multi-gap, interdigitated electrode for the generation of additional parallel filaments. Multi-line triggering can increase the switch lifetime at high currents by increasing the number of current filaments and reducing the current density at the contact electrodes in a controlled manner. Furthermore, the improved switch can mitigate the degradation of switching conditions with increased number of firings of the switch.

摘要翻译： 改进的光导半导体开关包括在开关电极之间的多条高电流并联灯丝的多线光触发。 该开关还可以具有用于产生附加平行长丝的多间隙交叉电极。 多线触发可以通过增加当前灯丝的数量并以受控的方式降低接触电极处的电流密度来增加高电流下的开关寿命。 此外，改进的开关可以通过增加开关次数来减轻开关条件的劣化。

公开(公告)号：US5998781A

公开(公告)日：1999-12-07

申请号：US846370

申请日：1997-04-30

申请人： G. Allen Vawter ,  Vincent M. Hietala ,  John C. Zolper ,  Alan Mar ,  John P. Hohimer

发明人： G. Allen Vawter ,  Vincent M. Hietala ,  John C. Zolper ,  Alan Mar ,  John P. Hohimer

IPC分类号： H03C1/34 ,  G01J1/04

CPC分类号： H03C1/34

摘要： An opto-electronic integrated circuit (OEIC) apparatus is disclosed for generating an electrical signal at a frequency .gtoreq.10 GHz. The apparatus, formed on a single substrate, includes a semiconductor ring laser for generating a continuous train of mode-locked lasing pulses and a high-speed photodetector for detecting the train of lasing pulses and generating the electrical signal therefrom. Embodiments of the invention are disclosed with an active waveguide amplifier coupling the semiconductor ring laser and the high-speed photodetector. The invention has applications for use in OEICs and millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuits (MMICs).

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于产生频率≥10GHz的电信号的光电集成电路（OEIC）装置。 形成在单个基板上的装置包括用于产生连续的锁模激光脉冲序列的半导体环形激光器和用于检测激光脉冲串并从其产生电信号的高速光电探测器。 公开了耦合半导体环形激光器和高速光电检测器的有源波导放大器的本发明的实施例。 本发明适用于OEIC和毫米波单片集成电路（MMIC）。

公开(公告)号：US5802084A

公开(公告)日：1998-09-01

申请号：US337985

申请日：1994-11-14

申请人： John E. Bowers ,  Alan Mar ,  Roger J. Helkey ,  Judy Karin

发明人： John E. Bowers ,  Alan Mar ,  Roger J. Helkey ,  Judy Karin

IPC分类号： H01S5/026 ,  H01S5/06 ,  H01S5/065 ,  H01S5/10 ,  H01S5/14 ,  H01S5/50 ,  H01S3/098

CPC分类号： H01S5/14 ,  H01S5/065 ,  H01S5/50 ,  H01S5/026 ,  H01S5/0601 ,  H01S5/0609 ,  H01S5/1064

摘要： The mode-locked laser with improved pulse power output can be realized by combining an optical oscillator with a flared CW or modulated gain amplifier. An optical filter or isolator may be disposed between the oscillator and amplifier to avoid feedback of spontaneous noise. A two-segment laser is devised by providing a flared gain section between a modulated gain section and an absorber section within the integrated semiconductor laser. The flared section may taper from a larger modulated gain section to a smaller cross section absorber section or vice versa. Various combinations of absorber sections coupled to modulated gain sections by CW gain or passive flared gain sections may be combined with various arrangements of reflectors and tapered CW gain amplifiers are cascades of such amplifiers and modulated gain pairs. A saturable absorber may be used in a two-segment laser in which the absorber is bleachable and has a characteristic temperature which is increased during short time periods so that a passive gain is realized by the return pulse traveling through the saturable absorber provided that the returning pulse is timed to coincide with the temporal gain realized in the absorber.

公开(公告)号：US06504859B1

公开(公告)日：2003-01-07

申请号：US09489243

申请日：2000-01-21

申请人： Fred J. Zutavern ,  Guillermo M. Loubriel ,  Malcolm T. Buttram ,  Alan Mar ,  Wesley D. Helgeson ,  Martin W. O'Malley ,  Harold P. Hjalmarson ,  Albert G. Baca ,  Weng W. Chow ,  G. Allen Vawter

发明人： Fred J. Zutavern ,  Guillermo M. Loubriel ,  Malcolm T. Buttram ,  Alan Mar ,  Wesley D. Helgeson ,  Martin W. O'Malley ,  Harold P. Hjalmarson ,  Albert G. Baca ,  Weng W. Chow ,  G. Allen Vawter

IPC分类号： H01S500

CPC分类号： H01S5/04 ,  H01S5/0425 ,  H01S5/3013

摘要： The present invention provides a new type of semiconductor light source that can produce a high peak power output and is not injection, e-beam, or optically pumped. The present invention is capable of producing high quality coherent or incoherent optical emission. The present invention is based on current filaments, unlike conventional semiconductor lasers that are based on p-n junctions. The present invention provides a light source formed by an electron-hole plasma inside a current filament. The electron-hole plasma can be several hundred microns in diameter and several centimeters long. A current filament can be initiated optically or with an e-beam, but can be pumped electrically across a large insulating region. A current filament can be produced in high gain photoconductive semiconductor switches. The light source provided by the present invention has a potentially large volume and therefore a potentially large energy per pulse or peak power available from a single (coherent) semiconductor laser. Like other semiconductor lasers, these light sources will emit radiation at the wavelength near the bandgap energy (for GaAs 875 nm or near infra red). Immediate potential applications of the present invention include high energy, short pulse, compact, low cost lasers and other incoherent light sources.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种能够产生高峰值功率输出而不是注入，电子束或光泵浦的新型半导体光源。 本发明能够产生高质量的相干或非相干光发射。 不同于基于p-n结的常规半导体激光器，本发明基于当前的灯丝。 本发明提供一种由当前灯丝内的电子 - 空穴等离子体形成的光源。 电子空穴等离子体可以是几百微米的直径和几厘米长。 目前的灯丝可以光学地或与电子束一起启动，但是可以在大的绝缘区域上被电泵浦。 可以在高增益光导半导体开关中产生当前的灯丝。 由本发明提供的光源具有潜在的大体积，因此具有从单个（相干）半导体激光器可获得的每脉冲潜在的大能量或峰值功率。 像其他半导体激光器一样，这些光源将发射在带隙能量附近的波长（对于GaAs 875nm或近红外线）。 本发明的即时潜在应用包括高能量，短脉冲，紧凑，低成本的激光器和其它非相干光源。

公开(公告)号：US5799024A

公开(公告)日：1998-08-25

申请号：US772129

申请日：1996-12-19

申请人： John E. Bowers ,  Alan Mar ,  Roger J. Helkey ,  Judy Karin

发明人： John E. Bowers ,  Alan Mar ,  Roger J. Helkey ,  Judy Karin

IPC分类号： H01S5/026 ,  H01S5/06 ,  H01S5/065 ,  H01S5/10 ,  H01S5/14 ,  H01S5/50 ,  H01S3/113

CPC分类号： H01S5/14 ,  H01S5/065 ,  H01S5/50 ,  H01S5/026 ,  H01S5/0601 ,  H01S5/0609 ,  H01S5/1064

摘要： The mode-locked laser with improved pulse power output can be realized by combining an optical oscillator with a flared CW or modulated gain amplifier. An optical filter or isolator may be disposed between the oscillator and amplifier to avoid feedback of spontaneous noise. A two-segment laser is devised by providing a flared gain section between a modulated gain section and an absorber section within the integrated semiconductor laser. The flared section may taper from a larger modulated gain section to a smaller cross section absorber section or vice versa. Various combinations of absorber sections coupled to modulated gain sections by CW gain or passive flared gain sections may be combined with various arrangements of reflectors and tapered CW gain amplifiers are cascades of such amplifiers and modulated gain pairs. A saturable absorber may be used in a two-segment laser in which the absorber is bleachable and has a characteristic temperature which is increased during short time periods so that a passive gain is realized by the return pulse traveling through the saturable absorber provided that the returning pulse is timed to coincide with the temporal gain realized in the absorber.

摘要翻译： 具有改善的脉冲功率输出的锁模激光器可以通过将光学振荡器与扩展的CW或调制增益放大器组合来实现。 滤光器或隔离器可以设置在振荡器和放大器之间以避免自发噪声的反馈。 通过在集成半导体激光器内的调制增益部分和吸收体部分之间提供扩张增益部分来设计双段激光器。 扩口部分可以从较大的调制增益部分逐渐变细到较小的横截面吸收体部分，反之亦然。 通过CW增益或被动扩张增益部分耦合到调制增益部分的吸收部分的各种组合可以与反射器的各种布置组合，并且锥形CW增益放大器是这种放大器和调制增益对的级联。 可饱和吸收器可以用在两段激光器中，其中吸收器是可漂白的并且具有在短时间段内增加的特征温度，使得通过可饱和吸收器行进的返回脉冲实现无源增益，只要返回 脉冲定时与吸收器中实现的时间增益一致。