公开(公告)号：US4366033A

公开(公告)日：1982-12-28

申请号：US29128

申请日：1979-04-11

申请人： Gerhard Richter ,  Gunter Luft ,  Ulrich Gebhardt

发明人： Gerhard Richter ,  Gunter Luft ,  Ulrich Gebhardt

IPC分类号： G01N27/30 ,  G01N27/49 ,  G01N27/52

CPC分类号： G01N27/3274

摘要： A method for determining the concentration of sugar in the presence of interfering foreign substances, particularly for determining glucose in a body fluid, by means of an electrocatalytic sugar sensor which has a measuring electrode in which the measuring electrode is alternatingly set potentiostatically to a reactivation and a measuring potential and the current flowing during the measuring period is evaluated as the measurement signal. To prevent foreign substances from exerting an interfering influence and thereby permit a sensitive sugar determination which is reliable over an extended period of time, a hydrophilic diaphragm is arranged in front of the measuring electrode to impede the resupply of the interfering foreign substances to the measuring electrode so that a diffusion limit current adjusts itself during the reactivation phase in the oxidation of the foreign substances; and the current is evaluated with a time delay relative to the start of the measuring period.

摘要翻译： 一种用于通过电催化糖传感器确定存在干扰性异物特别是用于测定体液中的葡萄糖的糖浓度的方法，所述电催化糖传感器具有测量电极，其中测量电极被电位静电地重新激活， 测量电位和在测量期间流动的电流被评估为测量信号。 为了防止异物施加干扰影响，从而允许在长时间内可靠的敏感糖测定，在测量电极的前面设置亲水隔膜以阻止干扰异物补偿到测量电极 使得扩散极限电流在异物的氧化中的再活化阶段中自身调节; 并且以相对于测量周期的开始的时间延迟来评估电流。

公开(公告)号：US4477314A

公开(公告)日：1984-10-16

申请号：US515704

申请日：1983-07-20

申请人： Gerhard Richter ,  Gunter Luft ,  Ulrich Gebhardt

发明人： Gerhard Richter ,  Gunter Luft ,  Ulrich Gebhardt

IPC分类号： G01N27/49 ,  G01N33/487 ,  G01N27/52

CPC分类号： G01N27/3274

摘要： A method for determining the concentration of sugar in the presence of interfering foreign substances, by means of a test electrode with a membrane placed in front of it, the electrode being contained in an electrocatalytic sugar sensor, whereby the test electrode is set potentiostatically to a reactivation potential and to a test potential and the current flowing during the set test period is evaluated as a test signal. The invention formulates a method such that with varying concentrations of urea a sensitive determination of sugar concentration which is reliable over a long term is achieved. The invention discloses the method which includes the step that after the reactivation potential and prior to the test potential a third potential that is more negative than the test potential is applied to the test electrode. The technique proposed in the invention is particularly appropriate for the determination of the concentration of glucose in body fluids.

摘要翻译： 通过在其前面放置膜的测试电极确定干扰性异物存在下的糖浓度的方法，电极包含在电催化糖传感器中，由此将测试电极置于电位 再激活电位和测试电位，并且在设定的测试期间流动的电流被评估为测试信号。 本发明制定了一种方法，使得随着尿素浓度的变化，可以实现长期可靠的敏感的糖浓度测定。 本发明公开了一种方法，该方法包括以下步骤：在再活化电位之后并且在测试电位之前，将比测试电位更负的第三电位施加到测试电极。 本发明提出的技术特别适用于测定体液中葡萄糖的浓度。

公开(公告)号：US4614577A

公开(公告)日：1986-09-30

申请号：US686837

申请日：1984-12-27

申请人： Konrad Mund ,  Gunter Luft ,  Ulrich Gebhardt

发明人： Konrad Mund ,  Gunter Luft ,  Ulrich Gebhardt

IPC分类号： G01N27/49 ,  G01N33/53 ,  G01N33/62 ,  G01N27/46

CPC分类号： G01N33/5304 ,  G01N33/62

摘要： For determining the urea concentration in liquids in continuous operation, with a high sensitivity and reliable determination of the urea content over an extended period of time, an electrode which is separated from the urea containing liquid by means of a diaphragm with a diffusion coefficient of less than 10.sup.-7 cm.sup.2 s.sup.-1 for urea has impressed on it potentiostatically and cyclically, two potential values, the more positive potential being between 0.9 and 2.0. V/H.sub.2 rev, and the more negative potential being lower than 0.6 V/H.sub.2 rev, and at the more positive potential, the current flowing within a predetermined time interval is evaluated as the measuring signal.

摘要翻译： 为了在连续操作中确定液体中的尿素浓度，在长时间内具有高灵敏度和可靠地测定尿素含量的电极，通过具有扩散系数较小的膜片与含尿素的液体分离的电极 对于尿素来说，10-7 cm2 s-1对电位和周期性影响，两个潜在值，正电位在0.9和2.0之间。 V / H2rev，负电位低于0.6V / H2rev，在正电位下，将在预定时间间隔内流动的电流作为测量信号。

公开(公告)号：US4505784A

公开(公告)日：1985-03-19

申请号：US399246

申请日：1982-07-19

申请人： Konrad Mund ,  Gunter Luft ,  Ulrich Gebhardt

发明人： Konrad Mund ,  Gunter Luft ,  Ulrich Gebhardt

IPC分类号： G01N27/49 ,  G01N33/53 ,  G01N33/62 ,  G01N27/46

CPC分类号： G01N33/5304 ,  G01N33/62

摘要： For determining the urea concentration in liquids in continuous operation, with high sensitivity and reliable determination of the urea content over an extended period of time, an electrode which is separated from the urea containing liquid by means of a diaphragm with a diffusion coefficient of less than 10.sup.-7 cm.sup.2 s.sup.-1 for urea has impressed on it potentiostatically and cyclically, two potential values, the more positive potential being between 0.9 and 2.0. V/H.sub.2 rev and the more negative potential being lower than 0.6 V/H.sub.2 rev, and at the more positive potential, the current flowing within a predetermined time interval is evaluated as the measuring signal.

摘要翻译： 为了在连续操作中确定液体中的尿素浓度，在长时间内具有高灵敏度和可靠地测定尿素含量的电极，通过具有扩散系数小于10nm的膜片与含尿素的液体分离的电极 对于尿素，10-7 cm2 s-1对其进行了静电和循环印迹，有两个潜在值，正电位介于0.9和2.0之间。 V / H2rev，负电位低于0.6V / H2rev，在正电位下，将在预定时间间隔内流动的电流作为测量信号。

公开(公告)号：US4126934A

公开(公告)日：1978-11-28

申请号：US545404

申请日：1975-01-30

申请人： Gerhard Richter ,  Konrad Mund ,  Ulrich Gebhardt ,  Raghavendra Rao

发明人： Gerhard Richter ,  Konrad Mund ,  Ulrich Gebhardt ,  Raghavendra Rao

IPC分类号： H01M4/98 ,  H01M4/88

CPC分类号： C25F3/14 ,  H01M4/98 ,  Y10T29/49108

摘要： A method for the manufacture of electrodes for electrochemical cells, is provided in which a Raney rare-metal catalytic layer is disposed on a metallic support structure in layer form. According to the invention, the Raney rare-metal catalytic layer is prepared by dissolving the inactive component of a layer, disposed on the support structure, of a homogeneous alloy of at least one of the metals of the platinum group of the periodic system of the elements as the active component and at least one of the metals of the iron group of the periodic system of the elements as the inactive component; the content of inactive component being at least 65 atom-percent.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种制造用于电化学电池的电极的方法，其中阮内稀土金属催化剂层以层的形式设置在金属支撑结构上。 根据本发明，阮内稀土金属催化剂层是通过将位于支撑结构上的层的非活性组分溶解在均匀合金中的至少一种金属的周期性系统的铂族金属 作为活性组分的元素和元素的周期性系统的铁基团的至少一种金属作为非活性组分; 非活性组分的含量至少为65原子％。

公开(公告)号：US08977518B2

公开(公告)日：2015-03-10

申请号：US12308973

申请日：2007-06-27

申请人： Wilfried Blotenberg ,  Ulrich Gebhardt

发明人： Wilfried Blotenberg ,  Ulrich Gebhardt

IPC分类号： G06F11/30 ,  G21C17/00 ,  F04D27/00 ,  F04D27/02

CPC分类号： F04D27/001 ,  F01D17/00 ,  F01D21/003 ,  F04D27/0207 ,  F04D27/0246 ,  F04D27/0292 ,  F05B2220/40 ,  G01M15/14 ,  G05B23/0256

摘要： A turbomachine has a first process control element, a second process control element, and a test system for testing the first process control element. The first process control element and the second process control element influence the same process variable. To test the first process control element, the test system changes the process variable by means of the second process control element. This change in the process variable caused by the second process control element is compensated again by means of the first process control element.

摘要翻译： 涡轮机具有第一过程控制元件，第二过程控制元件和用于测试第一过程控制元件的测试系统。 第一过程控制元件和第二过程控制元件影响相同的过程变量。 为了测试第一个过程控制元素，测试系统通过第二个过程控制元素来改变过程变量。 由第二过程控制元件引起的过程变量的这种变化通过第一过程控制元件被再次补偿。

公开(公告)号：US20090205054A1

公开(公告)日：2009-08-13

申请号：US12366081

申请日：2009-02-05

申请人： Wilfried Blotenberg ,  Ulrich Gebhardt

发明人： Wilfried Blotenberg ,  Ulrich Gebhardt

IPC分类号： H04L9/32

CPC分类号： G06F21/64

摘要： A process is provided for protecting stored operating data of machinery or similar equipment. The operating data are stored by means of a computer system belonging to a control system or by means of a similar computer system belonging to the equipment and wherein the operating data are acquired continuously in the form of data sets and stored in a data storage medium for later analysis. A security code is generated with the storage of a data set from the currently stored operating data on the basis of parameters (k, l, m, n) of a preset determination rule and stored in the computer system. A comparison code is determined in at preset time intervals on the basis of the same determination rule from the operating data currently recorded in the data storage medium for verifying the operating data currently present in the data storage medium. The comparison code is compared with the security code generated originally, and a warning signal is generated or a protective action is triggered in a fourth step in case of a deviation between the comparison code and the security code generated originally.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于保护存储的机械或类似设备的操作数据的过程。 操作数据通过属于控制系统的计算机系统或通过属于设备的类似计算机系统存储，并且其中以数据集的形式连续地获取操作数据并存储在数据存储介质中 后来分析。 根据预先确定的规则的参数（k，l，m，n），存储在计算机系统中，从当前存储的操作数据中存储数据集，生成安全代码。 基于来自当前记录在数据存储介质中的操作数据的相同确定规则，以预设的时间间隔确定比较代码，以验证当前存在于数据存储介质中的操作数据。 将比较代码与最初生成的安全代码进行比较，并且在最初生成的比较代码和安全代码之间的偏差的情况下，在第四步骤中生成警告信号或者触发保护动作。

公开(公告)号：US06576358B2

公开(公告)日：2003-06-10

申请号：US09822018

申请日：2001-03-30

申请人： Ulrich Gebhardt ,  Rainer Leuschner ,  Matthias Lipinski ,  Manfred Waidhas

发明人： Ulrich Gebhardt ,  Rainer Leuschner ,  Matthias Lipinski ,  Manfred Waidhas

IPC分类号： H01M804

CPC分类号： H01M8/1004 ,  H01M8/04156 ,  H01M8/04291 ,  H01M2300/0082

摘要： Discharging the reaction water from the novel PEM fuel cells does not require humidification of the reaction gases or an increase in the gas pressure. This is attained in that a hydrophobic layer on the cathode side is used which has a smaller pore size than the layer on the anode side. The reaction water is removed via the anode during the operation of the fuel cell.

摘要翻译： 从新型PEM燃料电池排出反应水不需要加湿反应气体或增加气体压力。 这是通过使用阴极侧的疏水层，其具有比阳极侧的层更小的孔径。 在燃料电池运行期间，反应水通过阳极被去除。

公开(公告)号：US08723718B2

公开(公告)日：2014-05-13

申请号：US13257480

申请日：2010-03-17

申请人： Patrick Berens ,  Juergen Holzner ,  Ulrich Gebhardt

发明人： Patrick Berens ,  Juergen Holzner ,  Ulrich Gebhardt

IPC分类号： G01S13/90

CPC分类号： G01S13/9035 ,  G01S13/9029 ,  G01S2013/9064

摘要： A method and a device are provided for specifying, in the context of the image generation of ISAR processing, the determination of the aspect angle course subject to which the radar illuminates the vehicle during the exposure and subject to which the vehicle echoes are reflected back to the radar. Using the distance between the radar sensor and the vehicle as well as the change in distance, both of which are determined from the radar data, the position and the velocity of the vehicle are determined at any time during the exposure through linkage with available road information. The aspect angle is then determined from the positions of the sensor and of the vehicle as well as from the direction of movement of the vehicle. The required road information can be acquired from digital maps or images (e.g. aerial photographs, SAR-images).

摘要翻译： 提供了一种方法和装置，用于在ISAR处理的图像生成的上下文中指定在曝光期间雷达照射车辆并且被车辆回波的车辆反射回的方位角度路线的确定 雷达。 使用雷达传感器和车辆之间的距离以及距离的变化，这两者都是从雷达数据确定的，车辆的位置和速度在通过与可用的道路信息联动的曝光期间的任何时间被确定 。 然后从传感器和车辆的位置以及从车辆的移动方向确定方位角。 可以从数字地图或图像（例如航空照片，SAR图像）获取所需的道路信息。

公开(公告)号：US5099411A

公开(公告)日：1992-03-24

申请号：US460562

申请日：1990-01-03

申请人： Wilfried Blotenberg ,  Bernard Gebhardt ,  Ulrich Gebhardt

发明人： Wilfried Blotenberg ,  Bernard Gebhardt ,  Ulrich Gebhardt

IPC分类号： G05B9/03 ,  G05B15/02

CPC分类号： G05B9/03 ,  G05B15/02

摘要： A digital arrangement for controlling a gas or steam turbine in which operating parameters of the turbine are sensed at a regular rate. Control parameters are then calculated from the operating parameters by at least one control and regulating program with predetermined reference values. The turbine is controlled and monitored in operation, in accordance with the calculated control parameters for the purpose of safeguarding against excess speed or surging. At least two computer systems are operated in parallel and at different speeds, and communications prevail between these two computer systems. The first of the computer systems is operated at a substantially rapid rate and with a limited supply of commands, together with an individual control and regulating program having a set of reference values. The second computer system is operated at a slower rate than the first computer system and with a greater supply of commands. The second computer system is operated with a plurality of control and regulating approaches and sets of reference values. Predetermined operating parameters are acquired by the first computer system for calculating control parameters and transmitting the calculated control parameters to the turbine. A new control and regulating program is selected by the second computer system when operation of the turbine is changed.

摘要翻译： 用于控制气体或蒸汽涡轮机的数字装置，其中以常规速率感测涡轮机的操作参数。 然后通过具有预定参考值的至少一个控制和调节程序从操作参数计算控制参数。 根据计算出的控制参数，对运行中的涡轮进行控制和监控，以防止超速或浪涌。 至少两台计算机系统以并行和不同的速度运行，并且这两台计算机系统之间的通信是盛行的。 计算机系统中的第一个以基本上快速的速度运行，并且具有有限的命令供应，以及具有一组参考值的单独的控制和调节程序。 第二台计算机系统以比第一台计算机系统更慢的速度运行，并且提供更多的命令。 第二计算机系统以多个控制和调节方法和参考值集合来操作。 预定的操作参数由第一计算机系统获取，用于计算控制参数并将所计算的控制参数传送到涡轮机。 当改变涡轮机的运行时，由第二计算机系统选择新的控制和调节程序。