摘要:
A process for obtaining glucose from thinned starch by partially hydrolyzing the latter to give from 50% to 92% glucose followed by separation of the hydrolysis product to afford a glucose-enriched product with recycling of the glucose-depleted stream affords benefits unattainable by conventional commercial processes. Substantial reductions in process time and reversion products and a substantial increase in productivity are among some of the benefits.
摘要:
This invention provides an improved process for the preparation of an aluminum alkyl chain growth product by the chain growth reaction of alpha-olefins on aluminum alkyl, the improvement comprising catalyzing the chain growth reaction that is a partially oxidized aluminum alkyl.
摘要:
A process is described for coproducing vinylidene alcohol and vinylidene olefin. The process involves dimerizing one or more vinylolefins with an alkyl aluminum catalyst to form a first product mixture comprising at least vinylidene olefin and alkyl aluminum compound. The vinylidene olefin is then reacted with the alkyl aluminum compound under displacement conditions to form 1-olefin while concurrently removing the 1-olefin from the displacement reaction mixture to form a second product mixture comprising at least beta-branched alkyl aluminum compound. The second product mixture is treated with air or oxygen under mild oxidation conditions to form a third product mixture comprising at least beta-branched aluminum alkoxide. The beta-branched aluminum alkoxide is then hydrolyzed to form vinylidene alcohol. The process makes effective use of the alkyl aluminum catalyst both as a catalyst and as a reactant, and requires only a relatively small amount of reaction equipment.
摘要:
An environmentally friendly invert drilling fluid comprises a water-in-oil emulsion which includes (a) at least 50 volume percent of a low toxicity base oil, and (b) at least one additive selected from the group consisting of emulsifiers, viscosifiers, weighing agents, oil wetting agents and fluid loss preventing agents, at least about 25 weight percent of the base oil content of the drilling fluid being a mixture of a linear alkane combined with a branched chain alkane, the alkanes individually having from about 14 to about 30 carbon atoms.
摘要:
A highly efficient method of producing alkyl mercaptan and/or dialkyl monosulfides which involves employing carbon dioxide as an internal coolant is described. Only negligible amounts of carbonyl sulfide were formed. In addition, relatively easy separation of carbon dioxide from the reaction mixture facilitates an efficient coolant recycle process, giving a simple and effective mode of temperature control.
摘要:
Vinylidene olefin can be formed in good yield and high selectivity in much shorter reaction periods than found critical heretofore. The process involves dimerizing vinyl olefin with at least one trialkylaluminum compound as the catalyst component charged to the reaction vessel. These materials are charged to the reactor so that it contains in the range of 0.001 to 0.5 mol of trialkylaluminum per mol of the initial vinyl olefin. The reaction is performed at a temperature in the range of 100.degree. to 200.degree. C. for a period of time sufficient to convert 10 to 99% by weight of the initial vinyl olefin to a different product with at least 80 wt % vinylidene dimer selectivity. In conducting the process the liquid reaction mixture is in direct contact with a nickel-containing metal alloy surface for at least one hour at a temperature above about 50.degree. C., and (ii) at least one acetylenic hydrocarbon is added to the mixture prior to such contact in an mount at least sufficient to inhibit double bond isomerization in the reaction mixture but insufficient to inhibit formation of the vinylidene dimer. The acetylenic hydrocarbon also overcomes the devastating effect nickel impurities in the feed or in residues in the reactor have on dimer selectivity.
摘要:
Vinylidene olefin can be formed in good yield in much shorter reaction periods than found critical heretofore. The process involves dimerizing vinyl olefin with at least one trialkylaluminum compound as the sole catalyst component charged to the reaction vessel. These materials are charged to the reactor so that it contains in the range of 0.001 to 0.05 mol of trialkylaluminum per mol of the initial vinyl olefin. The reaction is performed at a temperature in the range of over 140.degree. C. and below 172.degree. C. for a period of time in the range of 1 to 24 hours sufficient to convert at least 10% by weight of the initial vinyl olefin to a different product with at least 80 wt % vinylidene dimer selectivity.
摘要:
A process for producing an vinylidene olefin of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and are hydrogen or alkyl and m is an integer of from 0 to 18, with a catalytically effective amount of a mixture of i) an aluminum compound of the formula R.sup.4.sub.n Al(OR.sup.5).sub.p where R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are the same or different and are alkyl, n is an integer from 0.75 to 2.75, and p is an integer from 0.25 to 2.25, the sum of n and p being 3, at a temperature of from about 120.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C. whereby a major amount of said vinylidene and deep internal olefin dimer is produced and only a minor amount of a beta internal olefin isomer.
摘要:
Processes are described for the production and use of tri-(beta-branched alkyl)aluminum compounds. In a preferred embodiment, a process of this invention involves dimerizing one or more vinylolefin monomers with an alkyl aluminum catalyst to form a first product mixture comprising at least vinylolefin monomer, trialkylaluminum in which each alkyl group has the same number of carbon atoms and skeletal structure as said vinylolefin monomer, and vinylidene olefin. The vinylolefin monomer is then removed while concurrently the trialkylaluminum and vinylidene olefin are converted to tri-(beta-branched alkyl)aluminum by reactive distillation. Reactive distillation effects a shift of the chemical equilibrium away from the trialkylaluminum compound and toward the production of tri-(beta-branched alkyl)aluminum. compound. The tri-(beta-branched alkyl)aluminum compound may then be purified by a subsequent distillation, or similarly purified and recycled back into the process as the alkyl aluminum catalyst used in forming the first product mixture. The described processes constitute highly efficient economical processes which may be carried out in a single reactor, if desired, for the high-yield production and use of such compounds.
摘要:
A process for separating a mixture of aluminum alkyl and alpha-olefin, said process comprising contacting a silica modified inorganic membrane filter with said mixture and recovering, as the permeate, an alpha-olefin fraction which contains a lower concentration of aluminum alkyl than in said mixture, as the retentate, an aluminum alkyl fraction which contains a higher concentration of aluminum alkyl than in said mixture.