公开(公告)号：US06762673B1

公开(公告)日：2004-07-13

申请号：US09488742

申请日：2000-01-20

申请人： Alexander Otto ,  Ralph P. Mason ,  Craig J. Christopherson ,  Peter R. Roberts ,  Steven Fleshler ,  Gilbert N. Riley, Jr. ,  Swarn S. Kalsi ,  Gregory L. Snitchler ,  Robert C. Diehl ,  Dietrich Bonmann ,  Martin Lakner ,  Willi Paul ,  Harry Zueger

发明人： Alexander Otto ,  Ralph P. Mason ,  Craig J. Christopherson ,  Peter R. Roberts ,  Steven Fleshler ,  Gilbert N. Riley, Jr. ,  Swarn S. Kalsi ,  Gregory L. Snitchler ,  Robert C. Diehl ,  Dietrich Bonmann ,  Martin Lakner ,  Willi Paul ,  Harry Zueger

IPC分类号： H01C1014

CPC分类号： H01B12/16 ,  H01F2027/2819 ,  H01L39/16 ,  Y02E40/647 ,  Y10S505/881

摘要： An elongated current limiting composite material comprising one or more high-temperature superconductor filaments and a second electrically conductive member, which may include a sheath of high bulk resistivity surrounding the filament. The current limiter exhibits dissipation in the range of 0.05-0.5 V/cm at currents of 3-10 times the operating current, thereby minimizing fault currents and improving recovery capability.

摘要翻译： 包括一个或多个高温超导体细丝和第二导电构件的细长限流复合材料，其可以包括围绕细丝的高体积电阻率的护套。 电流限制器在工作电流的3-10倍的电流下表现出0.05-0.5 V / cm的范围内的耗散，从而最大限度地减少故障电流并提高恢复能力。

公开(公告)号：US06411479B1

公开(公告)日：2002-06-25

申请号：US09564541

申请日：2000-05-04

申请人： Harry Zueger ,  Dietrich Bonmann ,  Willi Paul

发明人： Harry Zueger ,  Dietrich Bonmann ,  Willi Paul

IPC分类号： H02H700

CPC分类号： H02H7/001 ,  H01F36/00 ,  Y02E40/66 ,  Y02E40/68

摘要： In a current limiting arrangement based on a superconducting transformer (30), a load (21) can be supplied with power without any interruption by providing an auxiliary winding (14) in parallel with the superconducting primary winding (12) of the transformer (30). This auxiliary winding (14) carries the excess current in the event of a short circuit and allows the superconducting primary winding (12), which has been heated due to the current limiting, to cool down. Once the short circuit has been cleared, the latter winding can once again carry the rated current, without any losses, immediately. The auxiliary winding (14) is composed of a normally conductive material and has an additional stray impedance.

摘要翻译： 在基于超导变压器（30）的电流限制装置中，通过提供与变压器（30）的超导初级绕组（12）并联的辅助绕组（14），负载（21）可以被中断地供电， ）。 该辅助绕组（14）在短路的情况下承载过电流，并允许由于限流而被加热的超导初级绕组（12）冷却。 一旦短路已经被清除，后一个绕组可以立即再次承载额定电流，没有任何损失。 辅助绕组（14）由常导电材料构成，并具有额外的杂散阻抗。

公开(公告)号：US06657533B2

公开(公告)日：2003-12-02

申请号：US09200411

申请日：1998-11-25

申请人： Gregory L. Snitchler ,  Dietrich Bonmann ,  Martin Lakner ,  Willi Paul

发明人： Gregory L. Snitchler ,  Dietrich Bonmann ,  Martin Lakner ,  Willi Paul

IPC分类号： H01L4300

CPC分类号： H01B12/16 ,  H01L39/16 ,  Y02E40/647

摘要： A superconducting conductor and its method of manufacture includes an electrical conductor having a thermal conductor attached to and along a length of superconductor member and separated from the superconductor member by an electrically-insulative material. The member may include a length of superconductor composite having superconducting material and a non-superconducting, electrically conductive matrix material. The electrical conductor is configured to control the manner in which the superconductor transitions from its superconducting state to its non-superconducting (i.e., normal) state due to, for example, a fault current condition. The electrically-insulative material has a thickness for allowing heat from the superconductor to be conveyed to the thermal conductor. The superconducting conductor may be used in conjunction with a superconducting current-limiting device.

摘要翻译： 超导导体及其制造方法包括电导体，其具有附着到超导体构件的长度并且沿着超导体构件的长度并且通过电绝缘材料与超导体构件分离的导热体。 该构件可以包括具有超导材料和非超导导电基体材料的一段超导体复合材料。 电导体被配置为由于例如故障电流条件而控制超导体从其超导状态转变到其非超导（即正常）状态的方式。 电绝缘材料具有允许来自超导体的热量被输送到热导体的厚度。 超导导体可以与超导限流装置结合使用。

公开(公告)号：US06629426B2

公开(公告)日：2003-10-07

申请号：US10012305

申请日：2001-12-12

申请人： Willi Paul ,  Martin Lakner ,  Makan Chen ,  Lise Donzel

发明人： Willi Paul ,  Martin Lakner ,  Makan Chen ,  Lise Donzel

IPC分类号： F25D2312

CPC分类号： H01L39/16 ,  H01F6/04

摘要： In a superconducting current limiter 1, in the limiting state pressure waves which may damage the superconductor are produced as a result of the evaporation of cooling liquid. According to the invention, the current limiter is not immersed in a cooling liquid, but rather is brought into thermal contact with a cooling fluid 22 which does not undergo a phase transition at over the operating temperature and therefore does not evaporate in the limiting state. A refrigeration reservoir 21, which may be the condensed phase of a gaseous cooling fluid or a cryogenic cooler, determines the operating temperature of the current limiter. One advantage is that it is now possible for a plurality of plate-like current-limiter modules 10, 10′ of unlimited size to be arranged next to one another in the cooling fluid 22.

摘要翻译： 在超导限流器1中，在限制状态下，由于冷却液的蒸发而产生可能损坏超导体的压力波。 根据本发明，电流限制器不浸入冷却液中，而是与在超过工作温度下不经历相变的冷却流体22进行热接触，因此在限制状态下不蒸发。 可以是气态冷却流体或低温冷却器的冷凝相的制冷储存器21确定限流器的工作温度。 一个优点是现在可以在冷却流体22中彼此相邻地设置多个不限大小的板状电流限制器模块10,10'。

公开(公告)号：US5379020A

公开(公告)日：1995-01-03

申请号：US243167

申请日：1994-05-16

申请人： Jurg Meier ,  Willi Paul

发明人： Jurg Meier ,  Willi Paul

IPC分类号： H01B12/02 ,  H01F6/02 ,  H01L39/16 ,  H02H7/00 ,  H02H9/02 ,  H01F7/22

CPC分类号： H02H9/023 ,  H01F6/02 ,  H01L39/16 ,  H01F2006/001 ,  H02H7/001 ,  Y02E40/68 ,  Y02E40/69 ,  Y10S336/01 ,  Y10S505/701 ,  Y10S505/704 ,  Y10S505/705 ,  Y10S505/85 ,  Y10S505/879 ,  Y10S505/88

摘要： In the case of high-temperature superconductors (6) which are used as inductive current limiters, unless any special precautionary measure is taken, there is a risk that short-circuit currents can lead to local stress centers and hot spots, and to local destruction of the high-temperature superconductor. In order to avoid this, a hollow cylinder (SL) of the high-temperature superconductor (6) is coated with a 1 .mu.m thick conductive-silver layer (E1). A second 10 .mu.m thick metal layer of foil made of silver or aluminum can be deposited thereon. In order to reduce or to avoid tensile stresses in the ceramic of the hollow cylinder (SL) made of a high-temperature superconductor, and in order to reduce the electrical contact resistance of the metal layers, this hollow cylinder (SL) has a mechanical reinforcing element (7), made of an elastic steel wire, wound around it, at room temperature, under tensile stress. Subsequently, this reinforcing element (7) is fixed by means of a solder or a cold-resistant synthetic resin (8), so that reinforcing element tensile stress and a compressive pressure on the hollow cylinder (SL) are maintained even at temperatures below 100K.

摘要翻译： 对于用作感应电流限制器的高温超导体（6），除非采取特殊的预防措施，否则存在短路电流会导致局部应力中心和热点以及局部破坏的风险 的高温超导体。 为了避免这种情况，高温超导体（6）的中空圆筒（SL）被涂覆有1μm厚的导电银层（E1）。 可以在其上沉积第二个10微米厚的由银或铝制成的金属箔的金属层。 为了减少或避免由高温超导体制成的中空圆筒（SL）的陶瓷中的拉伸应力，为了降低金属层的电接触电阻，该空心圆筒（SL）具有机械 加强元件（7），由弹性钢丝制成，在室温下，在拉伸应力下缠绕在其上。 随后，该加强元件（7）通过焊料或耐寒合成树脂（8）固定，使得即使在低于100K的温度下也能够保持中空圆筒（SL）上的增强元件拉伸应力和压缩压力 。

公开(公告)号：US06552415B1

公开(公告)日：2003-04-22

申请号：US09762790

申请日：2001-02-13

申请人： Willi Paul ,  Makan Chen

发明人： Willi Paul ,  Makan Chen

IPC分类号： H01L2100

CPC分类号： H01L39/143 ,  H01L39/16 ,  H01L39/2464

摘要： An electrically stabilized thin-film high-temperature superconductor includes a superconductive layer (32) applied over a flat metallic substrate (31) and connected to the metallic substrate (31) so that electrical contact between the superconductive layer (32) and the metallic substrate (31) is distributed over the area of the metallic substrate (31).

摘要翻译： 电气稳定化的薄膜高温超导体包括施加在平坦金属基板（31）上并连接到金属基板（31）的超导层（32），使得超导层（32）和金属基板 （31）分布在金属基板（31）的区域上。

公开(公告)号：US06440904B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-27

申请号：US09177535

申请日：1998-10-23

申请人： Makan Chen ,  Martin Lakner ,  Willi Paul

发明人： Makan Chen ,  Martin Lakner ,  Willi Paul

IPC分类号： H01F600

CPC分类号： H01L39/143 ,  H01L39/16 ,  H02H9/023 ,  Y02E40/69 ,  Y10S428/93

摘要： Ceramic high-temperature superconductors (1) which are intended to be used as current limiters in alternating-current lines should have a bypass layer (2) whose electrical resistivity is increased by more than 10 times with respect to that of a pure noble-metal bypass layer. In order to achieve this, the noble-metal bypass layer (2) of the high-temperature superconductor (1), preferably of silver, is alloyed with a base metal, preferably Pb or Bi or Ga, by a thermal treatment. The ratio of the bypass layer thickness (d2) of the noble-metal bypass layer (2) to the superconductor layer thickness (d1) is adjusted to 0.5×&rgr;3/d3, where &rgr;2 and &rgr;3 are the electrical resistivity of the noble-metal-containing bypass layer (2) and the base-metal bypass layer (3, 3′), respectively.

摘要翻译： 用作交流电线路限流器的陶瓷高温超导体（1）应具有旁路层（2），其电阻率比纯贵金属的电阻率提高10倍以上 旁路层。 为了实现这一点，优选通过热处理将优选银的高温超导体（1）的贵金属旁路层（2）与贱金属（优选Pb或Bi或Ga）合金化。 将贵金属旁路层（2）的旁路层厚度（d2）与超导体层厚度（d1）的比率调整为<1/5。 在77K的电阻率为10μOMEGAxcm至100μOMEGAxcm之间的钢的贱金属旁路层（3）在含有贵金属的旁路层（2）上的等静压下焊接或施加。 选择贵金属旁路层厚度d2和贱金属旁路层厚度d3，使得比值rho2 / d2为> 0.5×rho3 / d3，其中rho2和rho3为含贵金属含量的电阻率 旁路层（2）和贱金属旁路层（3,3'）。

公开(公告)号：US06900718B2

公开(公告)日：2005-05-31

申请号：US10282106

申请日：2002-10-29

申请人： Makan Chen ,  Willi Paul ,  Martin Lakner ,  Jakob Rhyner

发明人： Makan Chen ,  Willi Paul ,  Martin Lakner ,  Jakob Rhyner

IPC分类号： H01L39/16 ,  H01C7/04

CPC分类号： H01L39/16

摘要： The present invention relates to a resistive superconducting current limiter with a meandering shape. This current limiter avoids current density peaks at the turning points (12) or corners of the conductor track (10, 11) in that the central path of the fault current when limiting occurs is artificially increased by appropriate design of the turning points. For this purpose, conductor material is removed in the region of the inner edge of the turning points (13), or the electrical bypass is reinforced at its outer edge (14).

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及具有曲折形状的电阻超导限流器。 这种限流器避免了在导体轨道（10,11）的转折点（12）或拐角处的电流密度峰值，因为当限制发生时故障电流的中心路径通过转向点的适当设计而人为增加。 为此，在转向点（13）的内边缘的区域中去除导体材料，或者电旁路在其外边缘（14）被加强。

公开(公告)号：US06819536B2

公开(公告)日：2004-11-16

申请号：US10618716

申请日：2003-07-15

申请人： Makan Chen ,  Willi Paul ,  Michel Decroux ,  Louis Antognazza ,  Oystein Fischer

发明人： Makan Chen ,  Willi Paul ,  Michel Decroux ,  Louis Antognazza ,  Oystein Fischer

IPC分类号： H02H700

CPC分类号： H01L39/16

摘要： The invention is concerned with a resistive fault current limiter (FCL) based on thin superconducting films. The FCL comprises constrictions (2) with a reduced critical current, separated by connecting paths (3). Upon occurrence of a fault current, the former turn resistive simultaneously and build up a resistance which allows the applied voltage to drop entirely only over the constrictions. Only at a later stage, the connecting paths become resistive and dissipate energy. The thickness and width of an electrical bypass determine said normal resistivities of the constrictions and the connecting paths.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及基于薄超导薄膜的电阻式故障限流器（FCL）。 FCL包括通过连接路径（3）分开的具有减小的临界电流的收缩（2）。 在出现故障电流时，前者转向电阻同时施加一个电阻，允许施加的电压完全落在收缩部分上。 只有在稍后的阶段，连接路径变得阻力并耗散能量。 电旁路的厚度和宽度决定了收缩部和连接路径的正常电阻率。

公开(公告)号：US06570747B1

公开(公告)日：2003-05-27

申请号：US09671308

申请日：2000-09-28

申请人： Willi Paul

发明人： Willi Paul

IPC分类号： H02H900

CPC分类号： F17C3/085 ,  F17C13/006 ,  H01H33/666 ,  H01H2033/6623 ,  H02H9/023 ,  Y02E40/69

摘要： An apparatus in the field of power transmission, the apparatus includes a superconducting component or another component to be cooled, in a cryostat. A vacuum switch is provided in order to prevent heat being introduced into the cryostat by means of thermal conduction through the electricity cable of the component in the event of an electricity failure. This vacuum switch is integrated in a bushing in the electricity cable, so that its vacuum completes the thermal insulation of the cryostat.

摘要翻译： 在电力传输领域的装置，该装置包括超导部件或待冷却的另一部件，在低温恒温器中。 提供真空开关，以防止在发生电力故障的情况下通过部件的电力线通过热传导将热量引入低温恒温器。 该真空开关集成在电力电缆的套管中，从而使其真空完成低温恒温器的隔热。