公开(公告)号：US06762673B1

公开(公告)日：2004-07-13

申请号：US09488742

申请日：2000-01-20

申请人： Alexander Otto ,  Ralph P. Mason ,  Craig J. Christopherson ,  Peter R. Roberts ,  Steven Fleshler ,  Gilbert N. Riley, Jr. ,  Swarn S. Kalsi ,  Gregory L. Snitchler ,  Robert C. Diehl ,  Dietrich Bonmann ,  Martin Lakner ,  Willi Paul ,  Harry Zueger

发明人： Alexander Otto ,  Ralph P. Mason ,  Craig J. Christopherson ,  Peter R. Roberts ,  Steven Fleshler ,  Gilbert N. Riley, Jr. ,  Swarn S. Kalsi ,  Gregory L. Snitchler ,  Robert C. Diehl ,  Dietrich Bonmann ,  Martin Lakner ,  Willi Paul ,  Harry Zueger

IPC分类号： H01C1014

CPC分类号： H01B12/16 ,  H01F2027/2819 ,  H01L39/16 ,  Y02E40/647 ,  Y10S505/881

摘要： An elongated current limiting composite material comprising one or more high-temperature superconductor filaments and a second electrically conductive member, which may include a sheath of high bulk resistivity surrounding the filament. The current limiter exhibits dissipation in the range of 0.05-0.5 V/cm at currents of 3-10 times the operating current, thereby minimizing fault currents and improving recovery capability.

摘要翻译： 包括一个或多个高温超导体细丝和第二导电构件的细长限流复合材料，其可以包括围绕细丝的高体积电阻率的护套。 电流限制器在工作电流的3-10倍的电流下表现出0.05-0.5 V / cm的范围内的耗散，从而最大限度地减少故障电流并提高恢复能力。

公开(公告)号：US06657533B2

公开(公告)日：2003-12-02

申请号：US09200411

申请日：1998-11-25

申请人： Gregory L. Snitchler ,  Dietrich Bonmann ,  Martin Lakner ,  Willi Paul

发明人： Gregory L. Snitchler ,  Dietrich Bonmann ,  Martin Lakner ,  Willi Paul

IPC分类号： H01L4300

CPC分类号： H01B12/16 ,  H01L39/16 ,  Y02E40/647

摘要： A superconducting conductor and its method of manufacture includes an electrical conductor having a thermal conductor attached to and along a length of superconductor member and separated from the superconductor member by an electrically-insulative material. The member may include a length of superconductor composite having superconducting material and a non-superconducting, electrically conductive matrix material. The electrical conductor is configured to control the manner in which the superconductor transitions from its superconducting state to its non-superconducting (i.e., normal) state due to, for example, a fault current condition. The electrically-insulative material has a thickness for allowing heat from the superconductor to be conveyed to the thermal conductor. The superconducting conductor may be used in conjunction with a superconducting current-limiting device.

摘要翻译： 超导导体及其制造方法包括电导体，其具有附着到超导体构件的长度并且沿着超导体构件的长度并且通过电绝缘材料与超导体构件分离的导热体。 该构件可以包括具有超导材料和非超导导电基体材料的一段超导体复合材料。 电导体被配置为由于例如故障电流条件而控制超导体从其超导状态转变到其非超导（即正常）状态的方式。 电绝缘材料具有允许来自超导体的热量被输送到热导体的厚度。 超导导体可以与超导限流装置结合使用。

公开(公告)号：US06900718B2

公开(公告)日：2005-05-31

申请号：US10282106

申请日：2002-10-29

申请人： Makan Chen ,  Willi Paul ,  Martin Lakner ,  Jakob Rhyner

发明人： Makan Chen ,  Willi Paul ,  Martin Lakner ,  Jakob Rhyner

IPC分类号： H01L39/16 ,  H01C7/04

CPC分类号： H01L39/16

摘要： The present invention relates to a resistive superconducting current limiter with a meandering shape. This current limiter avoids current density peaks at the turning points (12) or corners of the conductor track (10, 11) in that the central path of the fault current when limiting occurs is artificially increased by appropriate design of the turning points. For this purpose, conductor material is removed in the region of the inner edge of the turning points (13), or the electrical bypass is reinforced at its outer edge (14).

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及具有曲折形状的电阻超导限流器。 这种限流器避免了在导体轨道（10,11）的转折点（12）或拐角处的电流密度峰值，因为当限制发生时故障电流的中心路径通过转向点的适当设计而人为增加。 为此，在转向点（13）的内边缘的区域中去除导体材料，或者电旁路在其外边缘（14）被加强。

公开(公告)号：US06629426B2

公开(公告)日：2003-10-07

申请号：US10012305

申请日：2001-12-12

申请人： Willi Paul ,  Martin Lakner ,  Makan Chen ,  Lise Donzel

发明人： Willi Paul ,  Martin Lakner ,  Makan Chen ,  Lise Donzel

IPC分类号： F25D2312

CPC分类号： H01L39/16 ,  H01F6/04

摘要： In a superconducting current limiter 1, in the limiting state pressure waves which may damage the superconductor are produced as a result of the evaporation of cooling liquid. According to the invention, the current limiter is not immersed in a cooling liquid, but rather is brought into thermal contact with a cooling fluid 22 which does not undergo a phase transition at over the operating temperature and therefore does not evaporate in the limiting state. A refrigeration reservoir 21, which may be the condensed phase of a gaseous cooling fluid or a cryogenic cooler, determines the operating temperature of the current limiter. One advantage is that it is now possible for a plurality of plate-like current-limiter modules 10, 10′ of unlimited size to be arranged next to one another in the cooling fluid 22.

摘要翻译： 在超导限流器1中，在限制状态下，由于冷却液的蒸发而产生可能损坏超导体的压力波。 根据本发明，电流限制器不浸入冷却液中，而是与在超过工作温度下不经历相变的冷却流体22进行热接触，因此在限制状态下不蒸发。 可以是气态冷却流体或低温冷却器的冷凝相的制冷储存器21确定限流器的工作温度。 一个优点是现在可以在冷却流体22中彼此相邻地设置多个不限大小的板状电流限制器模块10,10'。

公开(公告)号：US06440904B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-27

申请号：US09177535

申请日：1998-10-23

申请人： Makan Chen ,  Martin Lakner ,  Willi Paul

发明人： Makan Chen ,  Martin Lakner ,  Willi Paul

IPC分类号： H01F600

CPC分类号： H01L39/143 ,  H01L39/16 ,  H02H9/023 ,  Y02E40/69 ,  Y10S428/93

摘要： Ceramic high-temperature superconductors (1) which are intended to be used as current limiters in alternating-current lines should have a bypass layer (2) whose electrical resistivity is increased by more than 10 times with respect to that of a pure noble-metal bypass layer. In order to achieve this, the noble-metal bypass layer (2) of the high-temperature superconductor (1), preferably of silver, is alloyed with a base metal, preferably Pb or Bi or Ga, by a thermal treatment. The ratio of the bypass layer thickness (d2) of the noble-metal bypass layer (2) to the superconductor layer thickness (d1) is adjusted to 0.5×&rgr;3/d3, where &rgr;2 and &rgr;3 are the electrical resistivity of the noble-metal-containing bypass layer (2) and the base-metal bypass layer (3, 3′), respectively.

摘要翻译： 用作交流电线路限流器的陶瓷高温超导体（1）应具有旁路层（2），其电阻率比纯贵金属的电阻率提高10倍以上 旁路层。 为了实现这一点，优选通过热处理将优选银的高温超导体（1）的贵金属旁路层（2）与贱金属（优选Pb或Bi或Ga）合金化。 将贵金属旁路层（2）的旁路层厚度（d2）与超导体层厚度（d1）的比率调整为<1/5。 在77K的电阻率为10μOMEGAxcm至100μOMEGAxcm之间的钢的贱金属旁路层（3）在含有贵金属的旁路层（2）上的等静压下焊接或施加。 选择贵金属旁路层厚度d2和贱金属旁路层厚度d3，使得比值rho2 / d2为> 0.5×rho3 / d3，其中rho2和rho3为含贵金属含量的电阻率 旁路层（2）和贱金属旁路层（3,3'）。

公开(公告)号：US06791033B2

公开(公告)日：2004-09-14

申请号：US09841082

申请日：2001-04-25

申请人： Martin Lakner ,  Friedrich Koenig

发明人： Martin Lakner ,  Friedrich Koenig

IPC分类号： H01F3600

CPC分类号： H01F6/04 ,  H01F6/06 ,  Y10S336/01

摘要： The present invention relates to a high-voltage insulation system which is suitable for low temperatures and which, in addition to a cooling liquid (3) comprises a solid material insulator (2) based on a cellulose fabric (20). The solid material insulator (2) is preferably used in the form of pressboards and is impregnated with a polymer resin (21). It has a high partial discharge inception field of 77 K and, in addition, its thermal coefficient of expansion is optimally matched to that of ceramic high-temperature superconductors. The pressboards can be formed in the dry stage, in particular to produce coil formers, and are joined together alternately with cotton fabrics to form laminates of any desired thickness.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种适用于低温的高压绝缘系统，除了冷却液体（3）之外，还包括基于纤维素织物（20）的固体材料绝缘体（2）。 固体材料绝缘体（2）优选以压板的形式使用，并且用聚合物树脂（21）浸渍。 它具有77K的高局部放电初始场，此外，其热膨胀系数与陶瓷高温超导体的热膨胀系数最佳匹配。 压板可以在干燥阶段形成，特别是制造卷材，并且与棉织物交替地结合在一起以形成任何所需厚度的层压材料。

公开(公告)号：US20110180292A1

公开(公告)日：2011-07-28

申请号：US13026521

申请日：2011-02-14

申请人： Bruno Widmer ,  Jean-Claude Mauroux ,  Michael Conry ,  Martin Lakner

发明人： Bruno Widmer ,  Jean-Claude Mauroux ,  Michael Conry ,  Martin Lakner

IPC分类号： H05K7/20 ,  H01B17/26

CPC分类号： H01H33/42 ,  H01B17/44 ,  H01B17/54 ,  H01H9/52 ,  H01H33/24 ,  H01H2009/523 ,  H01H2009/526 ,  H02G5/10

摘要： A high-voltage isolator is disclosed which has a first electrical connecting piece and a second electrical connecting piece, between which an electrical isolating body extends. The end sections of the connecting pieces are connected to the isolating body, with a toroidal field control element being arranged on at least one of the end sections. A slot, which extends in the circumferential direction of the end section, is introduced on the end section which has the field control element. The field control element and the respectively associated end section are formed integrally. As a result of the slot, tension and compression forces which occur during longitudinal and lateral contractions of the isolating body and act at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the end section can be largely prevented, as can shear forces, while at the same time achieving a high level of uniformity in an area of the isolating gap, for electrical fields which occur during operation.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种高电压隔离器，其具有第一电连接件和第二电连接件，电绝缘体在其间延伸。 连接件的端部连接到隔离主体，环形磁场控制元件布置在至少一个端部部分上。 在端部的圆周方向上延伸的槽被引入具有场控制元件的端部上。 一体地形成场控制元件和分别关联的端部。 作为槽的结果，在隔离体的纵向和横向收缩期间发生的并且与端部的纵向轴线成直角作用的张力和压缩力可以在很大程度上被阻止，同时剪切力也可以同时 在隔离间隙的区域内实现高运行时发生的电场的均匀性。

公开(公告)号：US20110030994A1

公开(公告)日：2011-02-10

申请号：US12860550

申请日：2010-08-20

申请人： Bruno Widmer ,  Jean-Claude Mauroux ,  Martin Lakner ,  Leopold Ritzer ,  Reto Weder

发明人： Bruno Widmer ,  Jean-Claude Mauroux ,  Martin Lakner ,  Leopold Ritzer ,  Reto Weder

IPC分类号： H01B17/38 ,  B29C65/42

CPC分类号： H01B17/54 ,  H01B17/38

摘要： A high-voltage insulator includes a metal armature, an insulating tube joined to the metal armature, which is adhesively bonded to the metal armature at an end formed as a supporting ring, and an axially symmetrical adhesive-bonding joint disposed around the axis of the insulating tube. An annular grove, which is formed in the metal armature, is disposed around the axis of the insulating tube and receives an end portion of the supporting ring. Sealing surfaces are respectively formed in the groove and in the supporting ring. The sealing surfaces are arranged and formed in such a way that, when the insulating tube and the metal armature are joined, they slide on one another, thereby forming a seal, and the supporting ring acting as a displacement body presses adhesive that has been introduced into the groove before the joining into the adhesive-bonding joint.

摘要翻译： 高压绝缘体包括金属电枢，连接到金属电枢的绝缘管，其在形成为支撑环的端部处粘合到金属电枢上，以及轴向对称的粘合接合部， 绝缘管。 形成在金属电枢中的环形槽围绕绝缘管的轴线设置并且容纳支撑环的端部。 密封面分别形成在槽和支撑环中。 密封面以这样的方式设置和形成，使得当绝缘管和金属电枢接合时，它们彼此滑动，从而形成密封，并且用作位移体的支撑环挤压已经引入的粘合剂 在接合到粘合接合部之前进入凹槽。

公开(公告)号：US07771114B2

公开(公告)日：2010-08-10

申请号：US11962131

申请日：2007-12-21

申请人： Jochen Kiefer ,  Martin Lakner ,  Jean-Claude Mauroux ,  Daniel Chartouni

发明人： Jochen Kiefer ,  Martin Lakner ,  Jean-Claude Mauroux ,  Daniel Chartouni

IPC分类号： G01K1/00 ,  G01K13/00 ,  G01K7/00 ,  G01K3/00

CPC分类号： H02G5/10 ,  H01H2009/523 ,  H01H2009/526

摘要： The installation contains a current conductor producing Joulean heat in the operating state, a cooling element and a monitoring device. The cooling element has a condensable working medium and an evaporator, which can be heated by the current conductor of the installation, and a condenser which has been withdrawn from the heating effect of the current conductor. The monitoring device comprises at least one sensor for detecting a parameter of the cooling element and an evaluation unit, which receives output signals from the sensor. In the evaluation unit, the output signals of the sensors are evaluated and a signal describing the state and/or the functionality of the cooling element is formed there. This installation is characterized by high operational reliability with a high current-carrying capacity and dimensions which are kept small.

摘要翻译： 该装置包含在运行状态下产生Joulean热的电流导体，冷却元件和监测装置。 冷却元件具有可冷凝的工作介质和可由设备的电流导体加热的蒸发器，以及已经从电流导体的加热效应中撤出的冷凝器。 监视装置包括用于检测冷却元件的参数的至少一个传感器和接收来自传感器的输出信号的评估单元。 在评估单元中，评估传感器的输出信号，并且形成描述冷却元件的状态和/或功能性的信号。 这种安装的特点是具有高的运行可靠性，具有很高的载流能力和尺寸。

公开(公告)号：US07471495B2

公开(公告)日：2008-12-30

申请号：US11812316

申请日：2007-06-18

申请人： Alexander Steffens ,  Martin Lakner ,  Jochen Kiefer ,  Daniel Chartouni ,  Dietmar Gentsch

发明人： Alexander Steffens ,  Martin Lakner ,  Jochen Kiefer ,  Daniel Chartouni ,  Dietmar Gentsch

IPC分类号： H02H7/00

CPC分类号： H01H1/62 ,  H01H33/6606 ,  H01H2009/523 ,  H01H2033/6613

摘要： The vacuum switching chamber has two contact pieces and is provided with at least one heat pipe for dissipating heat. The heat pipe contains a working medium for dissipating the heat by evaporating the working medium in a section, referred to as the evaporator, of the heat pipe and condensing the working medium in a section, referred to as the condenser, of the heat pipe. Advantageously, the evaporator is in close thermal contact with at least one contact piece, and, in particular, at least part of the evaporator is integrated in the first contact piece or the second contact piece. Advantageously, the condenser has a cooling rib arrangement.

摘要翻译： 真空切换室具有两个接触件，并且设有至少一个用于散热的热管。 热管包含用于通过将热管的一部分（称为蒸发器）中的工作介质蒸发并将工作介质冷凝在热管的被称为冷凝器的部分中来散热的工作介质。 有利地，蒸发器与至少一个接触件紧密地热接触，并且特别地，蒸发器的至少一部分集成在第一接触件或第二接触件中。 有利地，冷凝器具有冷却肋布置。