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公开(公告)号：US06724968B2
公开(公告)日：2004-04-20
申请号：US09728766
申请日：2000-12-01
申请人： Hilary S. Lackritz , William K. Bischel , Tony C. Kowalczyk , Simon J. Field , Travis P. S. Thoms , Yeong-Cheng Lee
发明人： Hilary S. Lackritz , William K. Bischel , Tony C. Kowalczyk , Simon J. Field , Travis P. S. Thoms , Yeong-Cheng Lee
IPC分类号： G02B610
CPC分类号： G02B6/12019 , B82Y30/00 , G02B6/02033 , G02B6/12002 , G02B6/12021 , G02B6/12033 , G02B6/124 , G02B6/13 , G02B6/138 , G02B6/42 , G02B2006/12147 , G02B2006/12176 , Y10T428/31504
摘要： An optical structure is fabricated by forming an active layer including a photodefinable material on a substrate or on another underlying layer, forming an upper layer above the active layer, and then patterning the active layer by selective application of radiation through the upper layer. The upper layer is substantially transparent to radiation of the type required to activate the photodefinable material in the active layer.
摘要翻译： 通过在衬底或另一下层上形成包括可光限定材料的有源层，在有源层上形成上层，然后通过选择性地施加辐射通过上层来形成有源层来制造光学结构。 上层对于激活有源层中的光可定义材料所需类型的辐射基本上是透明的。
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公开(公告)号：US06325553B1
公开(公告)日：2001-12-04
申请号：US09497953
申请日：2000-02-04
IPC分类号： G02B636
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0043
摘要： A redundant optical connection system is manufactured in specially prepared form to allow optical connections to be made at a later step. In response to information specifying which of the optical sources are functional, further structure may be activated or introduced into the connection system which guides optical energy to optical outputs from only those of the sources that are functional. In one aspect of the invention, the preliminary form includes primary guiding structures coupling each of a plurality of primary optical sources to a respective application structure, and a secondary guiding structure coupled to a secondary optical source and terminating without yet coupling to any application structure. If the information indicates that one of the primary optical sources is non-functional, then structure can be added or activated which transfers optical energy from the secondary guiding structure into the primary guiding structure corresponding to the non-functional source.
摘要翻译： 冗余光学连接系统以特制的形式制造，以允许在稍后的步骤进行光学连接。 响应于指定哪个光源是功能的信息，进一步的结构可以被激活或引入连接系统中，该连接系统将光能量仅从功能的源的光输出引导到光输出。 在本发明的一个方面，预备形式包括将多个主光源中的每一个耦合到相应的应用结构的主导引结构，以及耦合到次光源并且终止而没有耦合到任何应用结构的辅导引结构。 如果信息指示主光源之一是非功能的，则可以添加或激活结构，其将光能从次级引导结构传送到对应于非功能源的主引导结构。
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公开(公告)号：US06856752B2
公开(公告)日：2005-02-15
申请号：US10702564
申请日：2003-11-06
CPC分类号： H04J14/0208 , G02B27/283 , G02F1/011 , G02F1/0147 , G02F1/065 , G02F1/31 , G02F2203/05 , H04J14/02 , H04J14/0201 , H04J14/0206 , H04J14/0209 , H04J14/06
摘要： A device for variable attenuation of an optical channel includes an elongated core surrounded by a cladding. Optical energy propagating along the longitudinal axis of the core is normally confined thereto by the difference in refractive indices between the core and cladding. The thermo-optic coefficients of the core and cladding are closely matched such that waveguide confinement is substantially invariant with respect to ambient temperature. The device further includes a thermal source arranged above the core. The thermal source is operable to generate a temperature gradient of controllable magnitude along a vertical axis extending through the core. The temperature gradient causes reduction of the local refractive index within the core relative to surrounding regions of the cladding such that a portion of the optical energy is deflected away from the thermal source and extracted from the core.
摘要翻译： 用于光通道可变衰减的装置包括由包层包围的细长芯。 通过核心和包层之间的折射率差异，沿芯的纵向轴线传播的光能通常被限制在其上。 芯和包层的热光学系数紧密匹配，使得波导限制相对于环境温度基本上是不变的。 该装置还包括布置在芯上方的热源。 热源可操作地沿着延伸穿过芯的垂直轴产生可控幅度的温度梯度。 温度梯度导致芯内相对于包层的周围区域的局部折射率降低，使得光能的一部分偏离热源并从芯提取。
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公开(公告)号：US06434318B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-13
申请号：US09630981
申请日：2000-08-02
IPC分类号： G02B600
CPC分类号： G02F1/011 , G02F1/0147 , G02F1/065
摘要： A device for variable attenuation of an optical channel includes an elongated core surrounded by a cladding. Optical energy propagating along the longitudinal axis of the core is normally confined thereto by the difference in refractive indices between the core and cladding. The thermo-optic coefficients of the core and cladding are closely matched such that waveguide confinement is substantially invariant with respect to ambient temperature. The device further includes a thermal source arranged above the core. The thermal source is operable to generate a temperature gradient of controllable magnitude along a vertical axis extending through the core. The temperature gradient causes reduction of the local refractive index within the core relative to surrounding regions of the cladding such that a portion of the optical energy is deflected away from the thermal source and extracted from the core.
摘要翻译： 用于光通道可变衰减的装置包括由包层包围的细长芯。 通过核心和包层之间的折射率差异，沿芯的纵向轴线传播的光能通常被限制在其上。 芯和包层的热光学系数紧密匹配，使得波导限制相对于环境温度基本上是不变的。 该装置还包括布置在芯上方的热源。 热源可操作地沿着延伸穿过芯的垂直轴产生可控幅度的温度梯度。 温度梯度导致芯内相对于包层的周围区域的局部折射率降低，使得光能的一部分偏离热源并从芯提取。
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公开(公告)号：US06049641A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-11
申请号：US28874
申请日：1998-02-24
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0043
摘要： A redundant optical connection system is manufactured in specially prepared form to allow optical connections to be made at a later step. In response to information specifying which of the optical sources are functional, further structure may be activated or introduced into the connection system which guides optical energy to optical outputs from only those of the sources that are functional. In one aspect of the invention, the preliminary form includes primary guiding structures coupling each of a plurality of primary optical sources to a respective application structure, and a secondary guiding structure coupled to a secondary optical source and terminating without yet coupling to any application structure. If the information indicates that one of the primary optical sources is non-functional, then structure can be added or activated which transfers optical energy from the secondary guiding structure into the primary guiding structure corresponding to the non-functional source. In another aspect of the invention, the preliminary form includes a material having N optical sources and more than N output guiding structures. A gap region is provided in the material between the outputs of the optical sources and the inputs of the output guiding structures. Additional guiding structures are later formed or activated in response to the information, to guide optical energy to the inputs of the output guiding structures from only functional ones of the optical sources.
摘要翻译： 冗余光学连接系统以特制的形式制造，以允许在稍后的步骤进行光学连接。 响应于指定哪个光源是功能的信息，进一步的结构可以被激活或引入连接系统中，该连接系统将光能量仅从功能的源的光输出引导到光输出。 在本发明的一个方面，预备形式包括将多个主光源中的每一个耦合到相应的应用结构的主导引结构，以及耦合到次光源并且终止而没有耦合到任何应用结构的辅导引结构。 如果信息指示主光源之一是非功能的，则可以添加或激活结构，其将光能从次级引导结构传送到对应于非功能源的主引导结构。 在本发明的另一方面，初步形式包括具有N个光源和多于N个输出引导结构的材料。 在光源的输出和输出引导结构的输入之间的材料中提供间隙区域。 随后根据信息形成或激活附加的引导结构，以将光能仅从光源中的功能性光源引导到输出引导结构的输入。
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公开(公告)号：US06507681B1
公开(公告)日：2003-01-14
申请号：US09630511
申请日：2000-08-02
IPC分类号： G02B626
CPC分类号： G02F1/065 , G02F1/011 , G02F1/0147 , G02F1/035
摘要： In a first state of an optical switch, a structure in the switch confines an optical mode to propagate along a first, unswitched path. The switch is switched into a second state by reducing the refractive index along the first path, or by increasing the refractive index of a region of the switch outside but adjacent to the first path, until the index within the first path is lower, preferably substantially lower, than that of the adjacent region. This creates an anti-waveguiding section in which light is forced to diverge from the unswitched path both by diffraction and refraction. The refractive index change is produced thermo-optically or electro-optically, for example. In a symmetric planar embodiment, upon actuation, light escapes from the confinement region into two beams deflected symmetrically in lateral directions while remaining vertically confined. In an asymmetric planar embodiment, upon actuation, light from the confinement region escapes in one direction away from the confinement region in the horizontal plane, while remaining confined vertically and in the opposite direction in the horizontal plane. A self-aligned method for fabricating optical switches is also described.
摘要翻译： 在光开关的第一状态下，开关中的结构限制光模式沿着第一未切换路径传播。 通过减小沿着第一路径的折射率，或者通过增加开关的外部的区域而与第一路径相邻的折射率，将开关切换到第二状态，直到第一路径内的折射率较低 低于邻近地区。 这产生了一个反波导部分，其中光被迫通过衍射和折射而从未切换的路径发散。 折射率变化例如由光学或电光产生。 在对称平面实施例中，在致动时，光从约束区域逸出成横向偏向对称的两个光束，同时保持垂直限制。 在不对称平面实施例中，在致动时，来自限制区域的光在水平面中沿着一个方向远离限制区域而逸出，同时在水平面上保持垂直方向和相反方向。 还描述了用于制造光开关的自对准方法。
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7.发明授权Optoelectronic and photonic devices formed of materials which inhibit degradation and failure 有权由抑制退化和失效的材料形成的光电子和光子器件公开(公告)号：US06842545B2
公开(公告)日：2005-01-11
申请号：US09828278
申请日：2001-04-05
CPC分类号： G02F1/315 , G02B6/1221 , G02B2006/12107 , G02B2006/12145 , G02B2006/1215 , G02B2006/12159 , G02B2006/12164 , G02F1/0147 , G02F1/065 , Y10S428/913
摘要： Optoelectronic and photonic devices are formed by employing polymer materials that have a lower glass transition temperature (Tg) than the nominal operating temperature. By using such materials, the local or segmental mobility is increased so that local stress is eliminated or minimized on the polymer material, making performance more robust. The current invention involves use of a polymer in an optical device in an operating temperature range in the region above Tg, where the polymer segments between crosslinks are allowed local freedom of movement; however, large-scale movement of the material may be restricted by the crosslinked structure of the polymer material. The temperature operation point of a device constructed according to the invention is thus preferably distanced from both the viscoelastic region near Tg and from the glassy region below Tg; such that the device is operated in a region where viscoelastic effects do not significantly affect the materials system, and time-dependent responses of the polymer are minimized or eliminated. Device operation can thus achieve minimum degradation and show improved performance attributes.
摘要翻译： 通过使用具有比标称工作温度更低的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的聚合物材料形成光电子和光子器件。 通过使用这种材料，增加了局部或分段的迁移率，使得在聚合物材料上消除或最小化局部应力，使得性能更加坚固。 本发明涉及在高于Tg的区域的工作温度范围内在光学器件中使用聚合物，其中交联之间的聚合物链段允许局部移动自由度; 然而，材料的大规模运动可能受到聚合物材料的交联结构的限制。 因此，根据本发明构造的装置的温度操作点优选地远离Tg附近的粘弹性区域和低于Tg的玻璃状区域; 使得该装置在粘弹性效应不显着影响材料系统的区域中操作，并且聚合物的时间依赖性响应被最小化或消除。 因此，设备操作可以实现最小的降级并显示改进的性能属性。
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8.发明授权Optoelectronic and photonic devices formed of materials which inhibit degradation and failure 有权由抑制退化和失效的材料形成的光电子和光子器件公开(公告)号：US06236774B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-22
申请号：US09274271
申请日：1999-03-22
IPC分类号： G02B610
CPC分类号： G02F1/315 , G02B6/1221 , G02B2006/12107 , G02B2006/12145 , G02B2006/1215 , G02B2006/12159 , G02B2006/12164 , G02F1/0147 , G02F1/065 , Y10S428/913
摘要： Optoelectronic and photonic devices are formed by employing polymer materials that have a lower glass transition temperature (Tg) than the nominal operating temperature. By using such materials, the local or segmental mobility is increased so that local stress is eliminated or minimized on the polymer material, making performance more robust. The current invention involves use of a polymer in an optical device in an operating temperature range in the region above Tg, where the polymer segments between crosslinks are allowed local freedom of movement; however, large-scale movement of the material may be restricted by the crosslinked structure of the polymer material. The temperature operation point of a device constructed according to the invention is thus preferably distanced from both the viscoelastic region near Tg and from the glassy region below Tg; such that the device is operated in a region where viscoelastic effects do not significantly affect the materials system, and time-dependent responses of the polymer are minimized or eliminated. Device operation can thus achieve minimum degradation and show improved performance attributes.
摘要翻译： 通过使用具有比标称工作温度更低的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的聚合物材料形成光电子和光子器件。 通过使用这种材料，增加了局部或分段的迁移率，使得在聚合物材料上消除或最小化局部应力，使得性能更加坚固。 本发明涉及在高于Tg的区域的工作温度范围内在光学器件中使用聚合物，其中交联之间的聚合物链段允许局部移动自由度; 然而，材料的大规模运动可能受到聚合物材料的交联结构的限制。 因此，根据本发明构造的装置的温度操作点优选地远离Tg附近的粘弹性区域和低于Tg的玻璃状区域; 使得该装置在粘弹性效应不显着影响材料体系的区域中操作，聚合物的时间依赖性响应被最小化或消除。 因此，设备操作可以实现最小的降级并显示改进的性能属性。
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公开(公告)号：US07689072B2
公开(公告)日：2010-03-30
申请号：US12130823
申请日：2008-05-30
IPC分类号： G02B6/12
CPC分类号： G02B6/12014 , G02B6/12016 , G02B6/12028 , G02B6/1203 , G02B6/30
摘要： Optical apparatus with improved center wavelength temperature stability. In an embodiment, an AWG has a plurality of slots inserted along the optical paths. The slots contain one or more compensation materials which collectively correct for an order Q temperature dependency of the AWG base material. Q>=2 or the number of compensation materials is at least 2 or both.
摘要翻译： 具有改善中心波长温度稳定性的光学设备。 在一个实施例中，AWG具有沿光路插入的多个槽。 这些槽包含一个或多个补偿材料，它们共同地校正AWG基材的Q温度依赖性。 Q> = 2或补偿材料数量至少为2或两者兼而有之。
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公开(公告)号：US20080226232A1
公开(公告)日：2008-09-18
申请号：US12130823
申请日：2008-05-30
IPC分类号： G02B6/34
CPC分类号： G02B6/12014 , G02B6/12016 , G02B6/12028 , G02B6/1203 , G02B6/30
摘要： Optical apparatus with improved center wavelength temperature stability. In an embodiment, an AWG has a plurality of slots inserted along the optical paths. The slots contain one or more compensation materials which collectively correct for an order Q temperature dependency of the AWG base material. Q>=2 or the number of compensation materials is at least 2 or both.
摘要翻译： 具有改善中心波长温度稳定性的光学设备。 在一个实施例中，AWG具有沿光路插入的多个槽。 这些槽包含一个或多个补偿材料，它们共同地校正AWG基材的Q温度依赖性。 Q> = 2或补偿材料数量至少为2或两者兼而有之。
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