公开(公告)号：US09324891B2

公开(公告)日：2016-04-26

申请号：US13518308

申请日：2010-12-22

申请人： Hiroaki Shigeta ,  Yuhji Yashiro ,  Yuhsuke Tsuda ,  Shintaro Miyanishi ,  Susumu Noda ,  Masayuki Fujita ,  Yoshinori Tanaka

发明人： Hiroaki Shigeta ,  Yuhji Yashiro ,  Yuhsuke Tsuda ,  Shintaro Miyanishi ,  Susumu Noda ,  Masayuki Fujita ,  Yoshinori Tanaka

IPC分类号： H01L31/0232 ,  H01L31/0352 ,  H01L31/075 ,  H01L31/0392

CPC分类号： H01L31/035227 ,  H01L31/0232 ,  H01L31/02327 ,  H01L31/035281 ,  H01L31/0392 ,  H01L31/03921 ,  H01L31/054 ,  H01L31/075 ,  Y02E10/52 ,  Y02E10/548

摘要： A solar cell (1) of the present invention includes a photoelectric conversion layer (2) and a photonic crystal provided inside the photoelectric conversion layer (2) in order to have a photonic band gap. The photonic crystal has defects (31) in order to provide a defect level in the photonic band gap. QV which is a Q value representing a magnitude of a resonance effect yielded by coupling between the photonic crystal and an outside is substantially equal to Qα which is a Q value representing a magnitude of a resonance effect yielded by a medium of the photoelectric conversion layer (2).

摘要翻译： 本发明的太阳能电池（1）包括光电转换层（2）和设置在光电转换层（2）内的光子晶体，以便具有光子带隙。 光子晶体具有缺陷（31），以便提供光子带隙中的缺陷水平。 QV是表示由光子晶体与外部之间的耦合产生的共振效应的大小的Q值，基本上等于作为表示由光电转换层的介质产生的共振效应的大小的Q值的Qα（ 2）。

公开(公告)号：US20120279553A1

公开(公告)日：2012-11-08

申请号：US13518308

申请日：2010-12-22

申请人： Hiroaki Shigeta ,  Yuhji Yashiro ,  Yuhsuke Tsuda ,  Shintaro Miyanishi ,  Susumu Noda ,  Masayuki Fujita ,  Yoshinori Tanaka

发明人： Hiroaki Shigeta ,  Yuhji Yashiro ,  Yuhsuke Tsuda ,  Shintaro Miyanishi ,  Susumu Noda ,  Masayuki Fujita ,  Yoshinori Tanaka

IPC分类号： H01L31/052 ,  H01L31/0232

CPC分类号： H01L31/035227 ,  H01L31/0232 ,  H01L31/02327 ,  H01L31/035281 ,  H01L31/0392 ,  H01L31/03921 ,  H01L31/054 ,  H01L31/075 ,  Y02E10/52 ,  Y02E10/548

摘要： A solar cell (1) of the present invention includes a photoelectric conversion layer (2) and a photonic crystal provided inside the photoelectric conversion layer (2) in order to have a photonic band gap. The photonic crystal has defects (31) in order to provide a defect level in the photonic band gap. QV which is a Q value representing a magnitude of a resonance effect yielded by coupling between the photonic crystal and an outside is substantially equal to Qα which is a Q value representing a magnitude of a resonance effect yielded by a medium of the photoelectric conversion layer (2).

摘要翻译： 本发明的太阳能电池（1）包括光电转换层（2）和设置在光电转换层（2）内的光子晶体，以便具有光子带隙。 光子晶体具有缺陷（31），以便提供光子带隙中的缺陷水平。 QV是表示通过光子晶体与外部之间的耦合而产生的共振效应的大小的Q值，基本上等于作为表示由光电转换层的介质产生的共振效应的大小的Q值的Qα（ 2）。

公开(公告)号：US20120273911A1

公开(公告)日：2012-11-01

申请号：US13520126

申请日：2010-12-17

申请人： Hiroaki Shigeta ,  Yuhji Yashiro ,  Yuhsuke Tsuda ,  Susumu Noda ,  Masayuki Fujita ,  Yoshinori Tanaka

发明人： Hiroaki Shigeta ,  Yuhji Yashiro ,  Yuhsuke Tsuda ,  Susumu Noda ,  Masayuki Fujita ,  Yoshinori Tanaka

IPC分类号： H01L31/0232

CPC分类号： H01L31/02327

摘要： A photoelectric transducer (10) including: a semiconductor layer (13); and a photonic crystal (21) formed inside the semiconductor layer, the photonic crystal being formed by providing nanorods (19) inside the semiconductor layer, each of the nanorods having a refractive index lower than that of a medium of the semiconductor layer, the nanorods being provided two-dimensionally and periodically at a pitch of not less than λ/4 nor more than λ, where λ is a wavelength of a peak of resonance caused by the photonic crystal, the photoelectric transducer satisfying the following formula: 0.2QV≦Qα≦5.4QV where Qv is (a) a Q value which indicates a magnitude of an effect of resonance caused by coupling between the photonic crystal and an external world and (b) in proportion to a reciprocal of a coefficient κV indicating a strength of the coupling between the photonic crystal and the external world, and Qa is (a) a Q value which indicates a magnitude of an effect of resonance caused by the medium of the semiconductor layer and (b) in proportion to a reciprocal of a coefficient αa of light absorption by the medium of the semiconductor layer. This allows an increase in light absorption ratio of a photoelectric transducer including a photonic crystal structure.

摘要翻译： 一种光电变换器（10），包括：半导体层（13）; 和形成在所述半导体层内的光子晶体（21），所述光子晶体通过在所述半导体层内部提供纳米棒（19）形成，所述纳米棒的折射率低于所述半导体层的介质的折射率，所述纳米棒 以不小于λ/ 4的间距不大于λ的间隔二维和周期地设置，其中λ是由光子晶体引起的共振峰的波长，光电传感器满足下式：0.2QV＆nlE;Qα＆nlE 其中Qv是（a）Q值，其表示由光子晶体和外部世界之间的耦合引起的谐振的影响的大小，以及（b）与系数的倒数成比例，kgr; V表示强度 的光子晶体与外界之间的耦合，Qa是（a）Q值，其表示由半导体层的介质引起的共振效应的大小，（b）与 由半导体层的介质的光吸收系数αa的倒数。 这允许包括光子晶体结构的光电变换器的光吸收率增加。

公开(公告)号：US20130105927A1

公开(公告)日：2013-05-02

申请号：US13520495

申请日：2010-12-22

申请人： Hiroaki Shigeta ,  Yuhji Yashiro ,  Yuhsuke Tsuda ,  Susumu Noda ,  Masayuki Fujita ,  Yoshinori Tanaka

发明人： Hiroaki Shigeta ,  Yuhji Yashiro ,  Yuhsuke Tsuda ,  Susumu Noda ,  Masayuki Fujita ,  Yoshinori Tanaka

IPC分类号： H01L31/0232

CPC分类号： H01L31/0232 ,  H01L31/0248 ,  H01L31/04 ,  H01L31/0547 ,  Y02E10/52

摘要： A photoelectric conversion element (1) of the present invention includes: a photoelectric conversion layer (2); and a photonic crystal provided inside the photoelectric conversion layer (2) to provide a photonic band gap, the photonic crystal being designed such that nanorods (30) whose refraction index is smaller than that of a medium of the photoelectric conversion layer (2) are provided periodically inside the photoelectric conversion layer (2), and there are provided defects (31) to provide a defect level in the photonic band gap, when a wavelength of a resonance peak corresponding to the defect level is λ, the nanorods (30) are provided two-dimensionally with a pitch of not less than λ/7 and not more than λ/2, and a coefficient κV indicative of strength of coupling between the photonic crystal and the outside is substantially equal to a coefficient α of absorption of light by the photoelectric conversion layer (2).

摘要翻译： 本发明的光电转换元件（1）包括：光电转换层（2）; 和设置在光电转换层（2）内部以提供光子带隙的光子晶体，所述光子晶体被设计为使得其折射率小于光电转换层（2）的介质的折射率的纳米棒（30）是 周期性地设置在光电转换层（2）内，并且当与缺陷水平相对应的谐振峰值的波长为λ时，存在提供光子带隙中的缺陷水平的缺陷（31），纳米棒（30） 以不小于λ/ 7且不大于λ/ 2的间距二维地提供，并且指示光子晶体和外部之间的耦合强度的系数kappaV基本上等于光吸收系数α 通过光电转换层（2）。

公开(公告)号：US07397994B2

公开(公告)日：2008-07-08

申请号：US10537119

申请日：2003-12-05

申请人： Susumu Noda ,  Takashi Asano ,  Yoshinori Tanaka

发明人： Susumu Noda ,  Takashi Asano ,  Yoshinori Tanaka

IPC分类号： G02B6/10

CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 ,  G02B6/12002 ,  G02B6/1225 ,  G02F2202/32

摘要： The present invention aims to provide a two-dimensional photonic crystal having an optical resonator, which allows the control of the front/back emission ratio of light. To achieve this object, a refractive index member made of a material having a refractive index different from that of air is mounted on a two-dimensional photonic crystal having a body in which holes are periodically arranged. In this construction, the body and the refractive index member cooperatively function as an optical resonator located at the position where the refractive index member is mounted. The light emitted from this optical resonator is stronger on the side having a higher refractive index, i.e. on the side where the refractive index member is mounted. Accordingly, the light emitted from the side where the refractive index member is mounted is stronger than the light emitted from the other side. The ratio of the emission intensity of the two rays of light and, i.e. the front/back emission ratio, can be controlled by changing the material, shape and/or size of the refractive index member.

摘要翻译： 本发明旨在提供一种具有光谐振器的二维光子晶体，其允许控制光的前/后发射比。 为了实现该目的，由具有与空气的折射率不同的折射率的材料制成的折射率构件安装在具有周期性布置有孔的主体的二维光子晶体上。 在这种结构中，主体和折射率构件协调地用作位于折射率构件安装位置的光学谐振器。 从该光谐振器发射的光在具有较高折射率的一侧，即在折射率构件安装的一侧更强。 因此，从安装有折射率构件的一侧发射的光比从另一侧发射的光更强。 可以通过改变折射率构件的材料，形状和/或尺寸来控制两束光的发射强度的比例，即前/后发射比。

公开(公告)号：US20080145012A1

公开(公告)日：2008-06-19

申请号：US12004029

申请日：2007-12-20

申请人： Ranko Hatsuda ,  Susumu Noda ,  Takashi Asano ,  Yoshinori Tanaka ,  Eiji Miyai

发明人： Ranko Hatsuda ,  Susumu Noda ,  Takashi Asano ,  Yoshinori Tanaka ,  Eiji Miyai

IPC分类号： G02B6/10

CPC分类号： G02B6/13 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02B6/12004 ,  G02B6/12007 ,  G02B6/1225

摘要： The present invention intends to provide a two-dimensional photonic crystal having a high level of mechanical strength and functioning as a high-efficiency resonator. The two-dimensional photonic crystal according to the present invention includes a slab layer 31 under which a clad layer 32 is located. In the slab layer 31, areas 35 having a refractive index different from that of the slab layer 31 are cyclically arranged to create a two-dimensional photonic crystal. A portion of the cyclic arrangement of the areas 35 are omitted to form a point-like defect 36. This defect 36 functions as a resonator at which a specific wavelength of light resonates. An air-bridge cavity 37 facing the point-like defect 36 is formed over a predetermined range of the clad layer 32. In this construction, the clad layer 32 supports the slab layer 31 except for the range over which the air-bridge space 37 is formed. Therefore, the two-dimensional photonic crystal has a high level of mechanical strength. The presence of the air-bridge space 37 under the point-like defect 36 makes it easy to confine light at the point-like defect 36 by the difference in the refractive index between the slab layer 31 and the air. Thus, the point-like defect 36 functions as a high-performance resonator.

摘要翻译： 本发明旨在提供具有高水平机械强度并用作高效率谐振器的二维光子晶体。 根据本发明的二维光子晶体包括平坦层31，覆层32位于其下方。 在板坯层31中，具有不同于板坯层31的折射率的区域35循环地布置以产生二维光子晶体。 区域35的循环布置的一部分被省略以形成点状缺陷36。 该缺陷36用作特定波长的光谐振的谐振器。 在包层32的预定范围上形成面向点状缺陷36的空气桥腔37。 在这种结构中，除了形成空气桥隔间37的范围之外，包覆层32支撑板层31。 因此，二维光子晶体具有高水平的机械强度。 点状缺陷36之下的空气桥空间37的存在使得容易通过板状层31和空气之间的折射率差来限制点状缺陷36处的光。 因此，点状缺陷36用作高性能谐振器。

公开(公告)号：US20060051042A1

公开(公告)日：2006-03-09

申请号：US10537119

申请日：2003-12-05

申请人： Susumu Noda ,  Takashi Asano ,  Yoshinori Tanaka

发明人： Susumu Noda ,  Takashi Asano ,  Yoshinori Tanaka

IPC分类号： G02B6/10

CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 ,  G02B6/12002 ,  G02B6/1225 ,  G02F2202/32

摘要： The present invention aims to provide a two-dimensional photonic crystal having an optical resonator, which allows the control of the front/back emission ratio of light. To achieve this object, a refractive index member (13) made of a material having a refractive index different from that of air is mounted on a two-dimensional photonic crystal having a body (11) in which holes (12) are periodically arranged. In this construction, the body (11) and the refractive index member (13) cooperatively function as an optical resonator located at the position where the refractive index member (13) is mounted. The light emitted from this optical resonator is stronger on the side having a higher refractive index, i.e. on the side where the refractive index member is mounted. Accordingly, the light (191) emitted from the side where the refractive index member (13) is mounted is stronger than the light (192) emitted from the other side. The ratio of the emission intensity of the two rays of light (191) and (192), i.e. the front/back emission ratio, can be controlled by changing the material, shape and/or size of the refractive index member.

摘要翻译： 本发明旨在提供一种具有光谐振器的二维光子晶体，其允许控制光的前/后发射比。 为了实现这个目的，由具有不同于空气的折射率的材料制成的折射率构件（13）安装在具有周期性布置有孔（12）的主体（11）的二维光子晶体上。 在这种结构中，主体（11）和折射率构件（13）协调地用作位于折射率构件（13）的位置处的光学谐振器。 从该光谐振器发射的光在具有较高折射率的一侧，即在折射率构件安装的一侧更强。 因此，从折射率构件（13）安装的一侧发射的光（191）比从另一侧发射的光（192）更强。 可以通过改变折射率构件的材料，形状和/或尺寸来控制两束光（191）和（192）的发射强度的比率，即前/后发射比。

公开(公告)号：US07783139B2

公开(公告)日：2010-08-24

申请号：US11886502

申请日：2006-03-07

申请人： Susumu Noda ,  Takashi Asano ,  Yoshinori Tanaka ,  Seiichi Takayama

发明人： Susumu Noda ,  Takashi Asano ,  Yoshinori Tanaka ,  Seiichi Takayama

IPC分类号： G02B6/00

CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 ,  G02B6/1225 ,  G02B6/126 ,  G02B6/14

摘要： The present invention provides a polarized light mode converter which can be provided within a two-dimensional photonic crystal or can be smoothly connected to a two-dimensional photonic crystal. In a two-dimensional photonic crystal made of a slab-like main body provided with a plurality of different refractive index regions (for example, holes 22) arranged in a lattice in the main body, where the different refractive index regions have a refractive index different from that of the main body, a polarized light conversion waveguide 23 is formed which is comprised of defects of the different refractive index regions arranged linearly whose a cross-sectional shape is asymmetrical in a vertical and in a horizontal direction. The polarized light conversion waveguide 23 can be, for example, realized by providing, on a side of the waveguide, holes 221 and 222 extending in a direction oblique to a the main body surface. TE polarized light propagating through the polarized light conversion waveguide 23 is partially converted into TM polarized light due to the asymmetry of the cross-sectional shape of the waveguide. Since the polarized light mode converter is made of a two-dimensional photonic crystal, it can be provided within a two-dimensional photonic crystal or can be smoothly connected to a two-dimensional photonic crystal.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种可以设置在二维光子晶体内或者可以平滑地连接到二维光子晶体的偏振光模式转换器。 在由板状主体构成的二维光子晶体中，其具有在主体中以格子排列的多个不同的折射率区域（例如，孔22），其中不同的折射率区域具有折射率 与主体不同的是，形成偏振光转换波导23，该偏振光转换波导23由横截面形状在垂直方向和水平方向上不对称的直线布置的不同折射率区域的缺陷构成。 例如，偏振光转换波导23可以通过在波导侧设置沿着与主体表面倾斜的方向延伸的孔221和222来实现。 由于波导的横截面形状的不对称性，通过偏振光转换波导23传播的TE偏振光被部分地转换为TM偏振光。 由于偏振光模式转换器由二维光子晶体制成，所以它可以设置在二维光子晶体内，或者可以平滑地连接到二维光子晶体。

公开(公告)号：US07715668B2

公开(公告)日：2010-05-11

申请号：US12438491

申请日：2007-08-27

申请人： Susumu Noda ,  Takashi Asano ,  Yoshinori Tanaka

发明人： Susumu Noda ,  Takashi Asano ,  Yoshinori Tanaka

IPC分类号： G02B6/00 ,  G02B6/02

CPC分类号： G02B6/1225 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02B6/12007 ,  G02B6/126 ,  G02B2006/12147 ,  G02B2006/1215 ,  G02B2006/12164

摘要： The present invention is aimed at providing a two-dimensional photonic crystal wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer capable of multiplexing and demultiplexing both TE and TM-polarized lights. In the wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer, first and second resonators having the same resonance wavelength λr are provided between first and second waveguides and which are separately provided in a two-dimensional photonic crystal having a photonic band gap for the TE polarization. A first polarization converter for converting a TM-polarized light to a TE-polarized light is provided on the first waveguide 121 between the first and second resonators and. Similarly, a second polarization converter for converting a TE-polarized light to a TM-polarized light is provided on the second waveguide between the first and second resonators and. Among the light propagating through the first waveguide, the TE-polarized light with wavelength λr is introduced from the first resonator into the second waveguide, whereas the TM-polarized light is converted to a TE-polarized light by the first polarization converter and then introduced through the second resonator into the second waveguide.

摘要翻译： 本发明旨在提供一种能够对TE和TM偏振光进行多路复用和解复用的二维光子晶体波长多路复用器/解复用器。 在波长多路复用器/解复用器中，具有相同共振波长λr的第一和第二谐振器设置在第一和第二波导之间，并且分别设置在具有用于TE偏振的光子带隙的二维光子晶体中。 用于将TM偏振光转换为TE偏振光的第一偏振转换器设置在第一和第二谐振器之间的第一波导121上。 类似地，在第一和第二谐振器之间的第二波导上提供用于将TE偏振光转换为TM偏振光的第二偏振转换器。 在通过第一波导传播的光中，具有波长λr的TE偏振光从第一谐振器引入第二波导，而TM偏振光被第一偏振转换器转换成TE偏振光，然后引入 通过第二谐振器进入第二波导。

公开(公告)号：US07333703B2

公开(公告)日：2008-02-19

申请号：US10569879

申请日：2004-08-27

申请人： Ranko Hatsuda ,  Susumu Noda ,  Takashi Asano ,  Yoshinori Tanaka ,  Eiji Miyai

发明人： Ranko Hatsuda ,  Susumu Noda ,  Takashi Asano ,  Yoshinori Tanaka ,  Eiji Miyai

IPC分类号： G02B6/10 ,  C03B37/023 ,  C03B37/022 ,  C03B37/027

CPC分类号： G02B6/13 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02B6/12004 ,  G02B6/12007 ,  G02B6/1225

摘要： The present invention intends to provide a two-dimensional photonic crystal having a high level of mechanical strength and functioning as a high-efficiency resonator. The two-dimensional photonic crystal according to the present invention includes a slab layer 31 under which a clad layer 32 is located. In the slab layer 31, areas 35 having a refractive index different from that of the slab layer 31 are cyclically arranged to create a two-dimensional photonic crystal. A portion of the cyclic arrangement of the areas 35 are omitted to form a point-like defect 36. This defect 36 functions as a resonator at which a specific wavelength of light resonates. An air-bridge cavity 37 facing the point-like defect 36 is formed over a predetermined range of the clad layer 32. In this construction, the clad layer 32 supports the slab layer 31 except for the range over which the air-bridge space 37 is formed. Therefore, the two-dimensional photonic crystal has a high level of mechanical strength. The presence of the air-bridge space 37 under the point-like defect 36 makes it easy to confine light at the point-like defect 36 by the difference in the refractive index between the slab layer 31 and the air. Thus, the point-like defect 36 functions as a high-performance resonator.

摘要翻译： 本发明旨在提供具有高水平机械强度并用作高效率谐振器的二维光子晶体。 根据本发明的二维光子晶体包括平坦层31，覆层32位于其下方。 在板坯层31中，具有不同于板坯层31的折射率的区域35循环地布置以产生二维光子晶体。 区域35的循环布置的一部分被省略以形成点状缺陷36.该缺陷36用作特定波长的光谐振的谐振器。 在包覆层32的预定范围上形成面向点状缺陷36的空气桥腔37.在该结构中，包覆层32支撑板层31，除了空气桥空间37 形成了。 因此，二维光子晶体具有高水平的机械强度。 点状缺陷36之下的空气桥空间37的存在使得容易通过板状层31和空气之间的折射率差来限制点状缺陷36处的光。 因此，点状缺陷36用作高性能谐振器。