摘要:
It is an object of the invention to provide a cleaning apparatus which can subject wafers that have undergone polishing to various cleaning processes while reducing the usage amount of pure water, increase the processing speed of wafers per unit floor area and significantly improve the operating rate, enable change or rearrangement of a plurality of cleaning processing chambers to more optimum arrangement in accordance with the cleaning treatment processes and the like, prevent generation of defects in wafers that are in process of, for example, pre-treatment, and simplify the configuration of the apparatus.In order to achieve the above described object, the present invention provides a cleaning apparatus comprising cleaning lines 2A and 2B comprised of lower and upper two levels, each of the levels comprising a plurality of cleaning processing chambers 2a to 2d or 2e to 2h; a center transporting means 6 comprising a function of transporting a wafer to be processed into or a function of transporting the processed wafer from each of the cleaning processing chambers 2a to 2h in the lower-layer and upper-layer cleaning lines 2A and 2B; an inter-chamber transporting means 16 for sequentially transporting the wafer to the adjacent cleaning processing chamber in each of the lower-layer and upper-layer cleaning lines 2A and 2B; and an introducing means for introducing pure water used in the cleaning processing chamber, which carries out precision cleaning in the upper-layer cleaning line 2B, into the cleaning processing chamber, which carries out rough cleaning in the lower-layer cleaning line 2A, as washing water for the rough cleaning.
摘要:
A fabrication method includes laminating a fabrication material to form an object, and applying a release material on a surface of the object to form a release layer on the surface of the object. A surface free energy of the release material is equal to or smaller than 25 mN/m.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes an exhaust duct to guide air inside the image forming apparatus to an outside of the image forming apparatus. A positive ion generator emits a positive ion into the exhaust duct. A negative ion generator emits a negative ion into the exhaust duct. The negative ion generator is shifted from the positive ion generator in one of an air flow direction of the air moving inside the exhaust duct and a direction perpendicular to the air flow direction.
摘要:
A fixing device includes an endless, rotatable fixing belt, a pressure rotator, a nip formation pad, a support, and a vibration repressor. The pressure rotator presses an outer surface of the fixing belt. The nip formation pad is disposed at an inner side of the fixing belt, to abut on the pressure rotator with the fixing belt interposed between the nip formation pad and the pressure rotator to form a fixing nip. The support is disposed at the inner side of the fixing belt, to support the nip formation pad. The vibration repressor is disposed between the nip formation pad and the support, to repress vibration of the nip formation pad.
摘要:
In image processing, it is possible to suitably reduce density unevenness and graininess according to the ink used in printing. More specifically, when dividing multi-valued data and generating data for 2-pass multi-pass printing, in addition to divided multi-valued data for each of the two passes, divided multi-valued data that is common to the two passes is also generated. Moreover, quantized data of that common multi-valued data is reflected on the quantized data for each of the passes. Furthermore, when generating the quantized data, the division ratios used when generating the common data using the aforementioned multi-valued data division are set according to the colors of ink used in printing. By doing so, it becomes possible to suitably reduce density unevenness and graininess according to the colors used in printing.
摘要:
When a gradation mask is used to distribute image data to be recorded by overlapping portions in an overlapping head, color unevenness is generated in an image recorded by the overlapping portions due to a displacement in impact positions caused by an assembly error. As a result, accurate colorimetric measurement of patches recorded by the overlapping portion cannot be performed. To solve such a problem, a distribution ratio by which the image data is distributed to the overlapping portions is set to be approximately constant when recording a test pattern for performing color correction, as compared to when normally recording the image.
摘要:
When multi-pass printing is performed, the dot overlap rate (ratio of the number of dots that overlap and are to be printed in the same pixel area by the plurality of relative movements with respect to the total number of dots to be printed in a pixel area by the plurality of relative movements) in pixel areas having medium-density where density unevenness caused by density fluctuation easily stands out is made higher than the dot overlap rate in pixel areas having low-density and pixel areas having high-density. By doing so density unevenness caused by density fluctuation is suppressed. In addition, the dot overlap rate in pixel areas having low-density and pixel areas having high-density is low, so it is possible to reduce graininess in low-density areas and suppress a decrease in density in high-density areas.
摘要:
An article transfer device includes a placement support portion that is provided to a base platform and includes a pair of divided placement support portions for separately receiving and supporting both side portions, in the article lateral direction, of the bottom surface of an article, and a pair of clamp portions that can be projected and retracted along an article transfer direction with respect to the placement support portion and can be moved toward and away from each other by a clamp actuator between gripping positions and releasing positions that are spaced apart wider. The pair of divided placement support portions can be moved toward and away from each other within a movable range defined in the article lateral direction by a placement support portion actuator and to face each other in close proximity when located in approach limit positions of the movable range.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to providing epoxycarboxamide compounds, azide compounds and amino alcohol compounds which serve as manufacturing intermediates that can lead to useful α-ketoamide compounds, and the present invention is also is directed to processes for preparing α-ketoamide compounds using the intermediates. The epoxycarboxamide compounds, azide compounds and amino alcohol compounds are represented by the following formulae: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5, as well as subvariables for one or more of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are as defined herein.
摘要:
A transfer-fixing device includes a transfer-fixing member, a pressing member, a heating device, and a temperature equalizer. The transfer-fixing member carries the toner image. The pressing member presses against the transfer-fixing member to form a nip portion to which the recording medium is conveyed. The heating device heats the transfer-fixing surface of the recording medium conveyed toward the nip portion. The temperature equalizer equalizes a temperature distribution of a surface of the transfer-fixing member in a width direction of the transfer-fixing member after the surface of the transfer-fixing member passes through the nip portion.