摘要:
In an ink jet recording head for an ink jet recording apparatus, insulating members are arranged between adjacent ones of a plurality of recording electrodes so that electric discharge is made less likely to occur across the recording electrodes. Thus, even where the density of the recording electrodes in the head is set high in order to achieve high resolution, ink can be stably jetted. Further, the ink can be supplied to the front end of the head without increasing a static pressure which acts on the ink in such a manner that the insulating members are disposed only in the vicinities of the front ends of the recording electrodes while the discharge withstand voltage across the adjacent recording electrodes is increased.
摘要:
A print head has a reduced power size or increased print speed that can be operated at a lower voltage or higher speed and can maintain high-quality output printing free from thinned portions. During intervals between printing operations while a print paper is being fed, pulses are applied to all print electrodes to maintain a uniform potential difference between each of the print electrodes and a counter electrode so that an electric charge is supplied to the ink meniscus. Consequently, a sufficient Coulomb force to permit ink droplets to be ejected is obtained. Therefore, during printing operations, the supplied energy can be reduced and electric charge on the ink surface can be retained. Hence, ink droplets can be ejected stably without nonuniformities.
摘要:
By manipulating a relative potential relationship of potentials by voltages applied to selected electrodes, nonselected electrodes and an opposed electrode 20 among a plurality of record electrodes 13a through 13z installed at vicinities of an opening portion 11 of a head, ink is injected, printing of high resolution is made possible and by using a dispersing type ink and changing polarities of the voltages applied to the opposed electrode 20 and the record electrodes, density of injected ink is made variable.
摘要:
A recording head has a head portion having a common electrode, an ink chamber for storing ink, and an ink ejection port. A counter electrode is disposed opposite to and spaced-apart from the common electrode and proximate the ink ejection port of the head portion to form a gap between the counter electrode and the ink ejection port for receiving a recording medium. The counter electrode has recording electrodes extending generally perpendicular to a lengthwise direction of the common electrode. A power source applies a voltage between the common electrode and the counter electrode to generate an electric field therebetween. A control circuit independently controls the voltage applied to each of the recording electrodes to generate an electrostatic force for electrically charging the ink disposed in the ink chamber so that the electrically charged ink flows from the ink chamber, is ejected through the ejection port, and is outputted onto the recording medium.
摘要:
A target gear ratio calculation unit calculates a target gear ratio TGR of a transmission. A setting unit sets a target gear TG according to target gear ratio TGR. A multi-speed transmission control unit controls the transmission according to target gear TG. A target driving force calculation unit calculates target driving force TF of a vehicle. A correction unit corrects target driving force TF according to a gear ratio of the transmission. A conversion unit converts target driving force TF into target engine torque TTE. An engine control unit controls an engine according to target engine torque TTE. Modules used for the engine control unit, the target driving force calculation unit, the conversion unit, and the target gear ratio calculation unit are used in common in a case where the transmission is a multi-speed transmission and in a case where the transmission is a continuously variable transmission. The setting unit and the correction unit are implemented when the transmission is a multi-speed transmission.
摘要:
A parameter having an accelerator pedal position and a drive force as components is set according to information representing driver's operations such as the accelerator pedal position and a stroke amount of a brake pedal. Similarly to the information representing the driver's operation, a parameter having the accelerator pedal position and the drive force as the components is set according to information representing running environment of a vehicle such as a gradient of a road surface, a curvature of the road surface, a friction coefficient μ of the road surface, a type of a road and a length of traffic jam. One parameter α(OUT) is set by mediating a parameter α(1) obtained from the information representing the driver's operation and a parameter α(2) obtained from the information representing the running environment of the vehicle. The gear corresponding to the parameter α(OUT) is set.
摘要:
A dynamic threshold value when an engine, an automatic transmission and the like are in a transition state is calculated in accordance with a static threshold value determined based on a state where the engine, the automatic transmission and the like are stabilized. The engine and the automatic transmission are controlled in accordance with a result of comparison between target drive force or target engine torque and the dynamic threshold value.
摘要:
A driving force control system includes an internal combustion engine model (1000) represented by a model linearized while including a first-order lag component, a calculator (2000) calculating deviation between target engine torque and estimated engine torque, a delay compensator (3000) compensating for response delay based on the deviation, and an adder (4000) calculating an engine controlled variable by adding delay-compensated deviation to the target engine torque.
摘要:
Static demand engine torque set in a static torque setter is converted into dynamic demand engine torque in a converter using an engine model C (s) represented by a first-order lag function. A time constant T of engine model C (s) is calculated by a time constant calculator. The time constant calculator calculates time constant T in accordance with the static demand engine torque set in the static torque setter and dynamic demand engine torque set in a dynamic torque setter. The dynamic demand engine torque set in the dynamic torque setter is added to the dynamic demand engine torque converted from the static demand engine torque in the converter.
摘要:
An ECU executes a program that includes the steps of: sensing an accelerator position (S100); calculating a target engine torque of a manipulating system “a” from the accelerator position (S200); holding the target engine torque of the manipulating system “a” (S300); calculating a target driving force of the manipulating system “A” from the target engine torque of the manipulating system “a” (S400); arbitrating in driving force between the target driving force of the manipulating system “A” and the target driving force of the supporting system “B” (S500); and, if the target driving force of the manipulating system “A” is selected as a result of the arbitration (NO in S600), outputting the held target engine torque of the manipulating system “a” as the target engine torque to the engine ECU (S900).