摘要:
A waste heat recovering device for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, wherein among a plurality of exhaust pipes extending from cylinders of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, a plurality of exhaust pipes unlikely to cause exhaust interference are collected to form one or more collecting pipes. A heat exchanger for recovering heat of exhaust gas is provided in the one or more collecting pipes. Therefore, a waste heat recovering device can be provided, in which the number of heat exchangers is reduced compared to the number of cylinders of the multi-cylinder internal combustion engine to reduce rest periods of the heat exchanger and reduce spaces occupied by the heat exchanger.
摘要:
A Rankine cycle system is provided in which, with regard to a given relationship between the pressure (Pevp) and the temperature (Tevp) of a vapor that is taken into an expander (4) that includes a cylinder chamber in a first stage and a vane chamber in a second stage, the chambers being disposed in line, the expansion ratio of the vapor that the expander (4) takes in and discharges is set at a predetermined expansion ratio (ε) according to the given relationship so that the pressure (Pexp2) and the temperature (Texp2) of the vapor that is discharged from the expander (4) coincide with target values, thereby making the expander (4) and the condenser (5) exhibit maximum performance. Since the vapor within the cylinder chamber in the first stage is in a superheated vapor region and contains no water, the phenomenon of water hammer will not be caused in the cylinder chamber. Furthermore, since the vapor at the exit of the vane chamber is in a saturated vapor region and contains water, the vane chamber can be lubricated and sealed by means of the water.
摘要:
A waste heat recovering device for an internal combustion engine includes: an internal combustion engine; and an evaporator into which an exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is introduced as a high temperature fluid. An exhaust gas inlet of the evaporator is placed adjacent to an exhaust valve of the internal combustion engine. Thus, there can be provided a waste heat recovering device having a high waste heat recovery rate.
摘要:
An electronic circuit board includes a TMR element having two terminals connected to a power supply and a ground, respectively, at least through a lead. After a breakdown of a tunnel barrier film of the TMR element, at least a part of the lead breaks by an overcurrent due to a short circuit between the two terminals.
摘要:
The invention is devised to provide a magnetoresistive element that is hardly susceptible to harmful influence of unnecessary magnetic fields and noise of heat even when reduction in size is achieved to be adaptable to higher recording density, and therefore that is excellent in operational reliability. The magnetoresistive element includes a stacked structure including, in order: a magnetically pinned layer whose magnetization direction is fixed in a given direction; a non-magnetic layer; a magnetically free layer whose magnetization direction changes according to an external magnetic field; and an antiferromagnetic bias layer exchange-coupled with the magnetically free layer. The exchange-coupling magnetic field between the magnetically free layer and the antiferromagnetic bias layer is smaller than a saturation magnetic field of the magnetically free layer.
摘要:
An electrostatic charging member includes a base material; and an outermost layer that contains a porous filler and a resin and has a gel fraction of at least about 50% and a surface roughness Rz in a range of about 2 μm to about 20 μm.
摘要:
A magneto-resistive effect device of a CPP structure includes a nonmagnetic intermediate layer, and a first ferromagnetic layer and a second ferromagnetic layer stacked together and formed with the nonmagnetic intermediate layer sandwiched between them. The first ferromagnetic layer and the second ferromagnetic layer are magnetically coupled via the nonmagnetic intermediate layer such that magnetizations of the first ferromagnetic layer and the second ferromagnetic layer are antiparallel with each other. Mutually antiparallel magnetizations of two magnetic layers lie in a medium opposite plane or front to rear direction and in a rear to front direction. The second ferromagnetic layer is divided by a nonmagnetic intervening layer into a front second ferromagnetic layer and a rear second ferromagnetic layer on the way from the front to the rear.
摘要:
There is provided a charging member cleaning roller including: a core body; and an elastic layer that is provided on a peripheral surface of the core body and includes a polyurethane foam obtained from at least a polyester polyol, a foam stabilizer, and a catalyst. Moreover, there is provided a charging member cleaning roller including: a core body; and an elastic layer that is provided on a peripheral surface of the core body and includes a urethane foam having an open-cell structure, a resilience of approximately 15% to 30%, and a hardness of approximately 150N to 230N.
摘要:
The thin-film patterning method for a magnetoresistive device comprises forming a functional layer on a substrate; forming a first mask layer above the functional layer; forming a patterned resist on the first mask layer; etching the first mask layer by using the resist; removing the resist; forming a second mask layer by atomic layer deposition, the second mask layer covering a step defined by an edge of the first mask layer; dry-etching the second mask layer in a thickness direction of the substrate so as to leave the second mask layer on a side face of the step; removing the first mask layer so as to expose the functional layer under the first mask; and dry-etching the functional layer by using the second mask layer.
摘要:
A parasitic capacity C4 generated between a slider substrate and the first shield layer with the first insulating layer as a capacity layer is made substantially equal to a parasitic capacity C2 occurring between a lower magnetic layer and the second shield layer with the third insulating layer as a capacity layer. Preferably, a connection is made between the lower magnetic layer and the slider substrate by a resistance of preferably 100 (Ω) or lower. Thus, it is possible to provide a thin-film magnetic head that can hold back deterioration in a reproducing device and the occurrence of errors due to crosstalk between a recording device and the reproducing device and extraneous noises.