摘要:
A method for negotiations between various entities of a wireless local area network (WLAN) including negotiations between controlling nodes (CNs) and wireless access points (WAPs) and negotiations between WAPs is disclosed. These negotiations are used for the purpose of establishing the capabilities of the various entities, determining how such capabilities may be optimally divided among the negotiating entities and then dividing the capabilities among the entities based on this determination. The capabilities include those required for the operation, control and management of the WLAN entities and the encompassing WLAN. The disclosed method introduces means for flexibly accommodating the varying degrees of differences in capabilities among the WLAN entities between the WLAN entities including dynamic changes in WLAN topologies.
摘要:
By introducing a hierarchical encryption scheme and the use of asymmetric cryptography, the critical information in message exchanges is concealed from unauthorized entities. This helps greatly in preventing man-in-the-middle attacks faced by inter-working. In addition, access control is conducted by introducing a network structure having a rule interpreter that is capable of mapping general rules to WLAN specific commands. It obviates the needs for mobile user's home network to understand information about every WLAN it is inter-worked with. A common interface independent of WLAN technologies could be used by the home network for all the WLANs. The above conception provides a solution to the problems of the protection of user identification information and access control in the inter-working of WLAN.
摘要:
A technique for flexibly performing processes depending on the type of a path for providing an additional service when there are a plurality of paths for providing additional services for the same session between terminals communicating with each other over a network is disclosed. According to the technique, when a mobile terminal (MN 100) establishes a QoS path using NSIS to a corresponding node (CN 124) on different types of data communication paths, a signaling message including information (MIE) representing the path type is created and transmitted. Each node (QNE) with an NSIS QoS function, which has received the message, identifies a plurality of QoS paths by comparing the MIE, a session identifier and a flow identifier, and performs processing of the QoS paths according to control information (CI) from MNs or/and the policy which the QNE has.
摘要:
This disclosure provides systems, devices, apparatus, and methods, including computer programs encoded on storage media, for protocol stacks and bearer modeling for assisted Uu connectivity. A UE and a PN may each establish a first connection with an AN and, based on the first connections with the AN, establish a second connection with each other. Based on a bearer configuration, the UE may determine whether to route data to the PN via the first connection with the AN or directly to the PN via the second connection with the PN. Accordingly, the UE may transmit the data to at least one of the AN or the PN based on the determination of whether to route the data to the PN via the first connection with the AN or directly to the PN via the second connection with the PN.
摘要:
Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for licensed wireless in-vehicle network access based on emergency network access control. A method that may be performed by a user equipment (UE) generally includes detecting a trigger event for an emergency network access procedure. The method also includes, in response to detecting the trigger event, transmitting a first message to a base station, the first message comprising a request to use one or more licensed bands for communication via a wireless in-vehicle network (wIVN). The method also includes receiving a second message from the base station, the second message granting the use of the one or more licensed bands for communication via the wIVN.
摘要:
A multipurpose chemical additives (MPC) is disclosed to mitigate fouling in hydrocarbon refinery processes, such as in a heat exchanger. A method for reducing fouling of a hydrocarbon is also disclosed that includes (i) providing a crude hydrocarbon for a refining process; and (ii) adding an additive to the crude hydrocarbon.
摘要:
A multipurpose chemical additives (MPC) is disclosed to mitigate fouling in hydrocarbon refinery processes, such as in a heat exchanger. A method for reducing fouling of a hydrocarbon is also disclosed that includes (i) providing a crude hydrocarbon for a refining process; and (ii) adding an additive to the crude hydrocarbon.
摘要:
A multipurpose chemical additives (MPC) is disclosed to mitigate fouling in hydrocarbon refinery processes, such as in a heat exchanger. A method for reducing fouling of a hydrocarbon is also disclosed that includes (i) providing a crude hydrocarbon for a refining process; and (ii) adding an additive to the crude hydrocarbon.
摘要:
A method for treating an emulsion of a hydrocarbon is disclosed. The method includes providing an emulsion of a crude hydrocarbon, and adding an additive to the emulsion to obtain a treated hydrocarbon.
摘要:
Methods and systems for reducing fouling, including particulate-induced fouling, in a hydrocarbon refining process including the steps of providing a crude hydrocarbon for a refining process and adding an antifouling agent containing a polymer base unit and a polyamine group to the crude hydrocarbon are provided. The antifouling agent can be obtained by converting a vinyl terminated polymer, such as polypropylene or poly(ethylene-co-propylene), to a terminal acyl containing functional group, followed by reacting the terminal acyl containing functional group with a polyamine compound.