Preparation of 9-(Z)-retinoic acid
    5.
    发明授权
    Preparation of 9-(Z)-retinoic acid 失效
    9-(Z) - 视黄酸的制备

    公开(公告)号:US5504230A

    公开(公告)日:1996-04-02

    申请号:US358113

    申请日:1994-12-16

    摘要: A process for preparing 9-(Z)-retinoic acid from mother liquors from the industrial preparation of C.sub.15 -triarylphosphonium salts of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 are each aryl and X.sup..crclbar. is halogen or (HSO.sub.4).sup..crclbar., in an organic solvent, which comprisesA. increasing the proportion of 9-(Z)-C.sub.15 -triarylphosphonium salt in the C.sub.15 -triarylphosphonium salts isolated from the mother liquor by treatment with isopropanol at elevated temperature, cooling and separating off the all-(E)-C.sub.15 -triarylphosphonium salt which has crystallized out,B. subjecting the resulting C.sub.15 -triarylphosphonium salt to a Wittig reaction with an alkyl .beta.-formylcrotonate of the general formula ##STR2## and C. hydrolyzing the resulting oily retinoic ester mixture in a C.sub.3 -C.sub.9 -alkanol, preferably in a propanol or butanol, precipitating the resulting 9-(Z)-retinoic acid where appropriate by adding methanol as crystals, with all-(E)-retinoic acid and other retinoic acid isomers remaining in the alkanolic solution.

    摘要翻译: 从通式Ⅰ的C15-三芳基鏻盐的工业制备方法由母液制备9-(Z) - 视黄酸的方法,其中R 1至R 3各自为芳基,X( - )为卤素或 (HSO 4)( - ),在有机溶剂中,其包括A.通过在高温下用异丙醇处理从母液中分离的C 15 - 三芳基鏻盐中增加9-(Z)-C15-三芳基鏻盐的比例,冷却 并分离已结晶的全 - (E)-C 15 - 三芳基鏻盐,B.将所得的C 15 - 三芳基鏻盐与通式为“IMAGE”的β-甲酰基巴豆酸烷基酯进行维蒂希反应,并将C.水解 得到的油状视黄酸酯混合物在C3-C9-链烷醇中,优选在丙醇或丁醇中,通过加入甲醇作为结晶,通过全 - (E) - 维A酸和其它物质沉淀得到的9-(Z) - 维A酸 视黄酸异构体残留在链烷醇溶胶中 小心

    Preparation of 13-(Z)-retinoic acid
    6.
    发明授权
    Preparation of 13-(Z)-retinoic acid 失效
    制备13-(Z) - 视黄酸

    公开(公告)号:US5424465A

    公开(公告)日:1995-06-13

    申请号:US220495

    申请日:1994-03-31

    IPC分类号: C07C51/353 C07C403/20

    摘要: 13-(Z)-Retinoic acid is prepared bya) reacting 5-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone with a [3-methyl-5-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4-pentadienyl]triarylphosphonium salt andb) subsequently partially isomerizing the resulting mixture of 13-(Z)- and 11,13-di-(Z)-retinoic acid,where the reaction in step a) is carried out in the presence of lithium hydroxide as alkali metal hydroxide and in dimethylformamide as solvent at from +10.degree. to -9.degree. C. and/or the isomerization in step b) is carried out by irradiating the mixture of isomers obtained in a) in an organic solvent in the presence of a photosensitizer with light in the wavelength range from 200 to 600 nm.

    摘要翻译: 通过a)使5-羟基-4-甲基-2(5H) - 呋喃酮与[3-甲基-5-(2,6,6-三甲基-1-环己烯-1-酮) (Z) - 和11,13-二 - (Z) - 视黄酸的混合物,其中步骤a)中的反应, 在作为碱金属氢氧化物的氢氧化锂和作为溶剂的二甲基甲酰胺存在下,在+ 10〜-9℃下进行,和/或步骤b)中的异构化是通过照射在 )在光敏剂存在下在有机溶剂中,其中波长范围为200-600nm。

    Preparation of .beta.-carotene products with a high 9 (Z) content
    7.
    发明授权
    Preparation of .beta.-carotene products with a high 9 (Z) content 失效
    制备具有高9(Z)含量的β-胡萝卜素产品

    公开(公告)号:US5689022A

    公开(公告)日:1997-11-18

    申请号:US641032

    申请日:1996-04-30

    摘要: .beta.-Carotene products with a high proportion of the 9(Z) isomer are prepared starting from mother liquors from the industrial preparation of .beta.-ionylideneethyltriarylphosphonium salts (C.sub.15 -triarylphosphonium salts) by Wittig reaction of a C.sub.15 -triarylphosphonium salt which has been enriched in the 9Z isomer directly with .beta.-apo-12'-carotenal or else with 2,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienedial and subsequently with the C.sub.15 -triarylphosphonium salt and subsequent thermal isomerization.

    摘要翻译: 具有高比例的9(Z)异构体的β-胡萝卜素产物通过富含C15-三芳基鏻盐的Wittig反应从β-亚乙烯基乙基三芳基鏻盐(C 15 - 三芳基鏻盐)的工业制备的母液中制备 9Z异构体直接用β-12'-胡萝卜素,或者用2,7-二甲基-2,4,6-八溴萘醚,随后用C 15 - 三芳基鏻盐和随后的热异构化。

    Preparation of 5-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone
    9.
    发明授权
    Preparation of 5-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone 失效
    制备5-羟基-4-甲基-2(5H) - 呋喃酮

    公开(公告)号:US5654444A

    公开(公告)日:1997-08-05

    申请号:US621035

    申请日:1996-03-22

    IPC分类号: C07D307/60

    CPC分类号: C07D307/60

    摘要: 5-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone is prepared by cyclization of alkyl .beta.-formylcrotonates by heating with dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid or, advantageously, in the presence of dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid and catalytic amounts of methanol as solubilizer, subsequent workup of the reaction mixture by distillation and, where appropriate, isomerization of the 5-methoxy- or 5-ethoxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, which is formed as byproduct, by heating with dilute hydrochloric acid.

    摘要翻译: 5-羟基-4-甲基-2(5H) - 呋喃酮是通过用稀盐酸水溶液加热或有利地在稀盐酸水溶液和催化量的甲醇作为增溶剂的存在下,通过环化β-甲酰基巴豆酸烷基酯来制备的, 随后通过蒸馏和通过用稀盐酸加热作为副产物形成的5-甲氧基 - 或5-乙氧基-4-甲基-2(5H) - 呋喃酮的异构化反应混合物进行后处理。

    Methods and systems for semi-automatic adjustment of medical monitoring and treatment
    10.
    发明申请
    Methods and systems for semi-automatic adjustment of medical monitoring and treatment 有权
    半自动调整医疗监护和治疗的方法和系统

    公开(公告)号:US20080071314A1

    公开(公告)日:2008-03-20

    申请号:US11932955

    申请日:2007-10-31

    申请人: Michael John

    发明人: Michael John

    IPC分类号: A61N1/00

    摘要: Systems and methods are described for adjusting the operation of implantable stimulation devices used to provide medical monitoring and treatment. Several hierarchical algorithms are described which operate according to conditionally obtaining a patient response to an alert signal. In one such strategy semi-automatic therapy adjustment occurs by automatically issuing patient alert messages when selected operations are to occur, and using a patient's response to the alert message that is provided within a selected time limit in order to contingently adjust therapy. Methods are also described for resolving conflicts which may occur when time information and sensed data information each indicate different patient states are occurring. Although treatment of neural and cardiac disorders is emphasized, the techniques can be applied to the monitoring and treatment of any medical disorder with an implanted device.

    摘要翻译: 描述了用于调整用于提供医疗监测和治疗的可植入刺激装置的操作的系统和方法。 描述了根据有条件地获得对警报信号的患者响应进行操作的几种分级算法。 在一种这样的策略中,半自动治疗调整是通过在选择的操作发生时自动发出病人警报消息,并且使用患者对在所选时限内提供的警报消息的响应来偶然地调整治疗。 还描述了用于解决当时间信息和感测数据信息各自表示不同的患者状态发生时可能发生的冲突的方法。 虽然强调了神经和心脏疾病的治疗,但是该技术可以应用于用植入装置监测和治疗任何医学障碍。