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1.发明授权Water based fluids comprising multivalent salts and low molecular weight, low charge cationic polyacrylamide copolymers 失效包含多价盐和低分子量低电荷阳离子聚丙烯酰胺共聚物的水基流体公开(公告)号：US06855671B2
公开(公告)日：2005-02-15
申请号：US10095020
申请日：2002-03-11
CPC分类号： C09K8/12 , C09K2208/18
摘要： A drilling system fluid and method of using same. The drilling system fluid comprises water as a continuous phase, an amount of a multivalent metal, and a quantity of a water soluble polyacrylamide copolymer having a charge density of at least about 1%. In a preferred embodiment, the fluid also comprises a second amount of a monovalent salt effective to increase gas hydrate suppression and decrease density when compared to a fluid consisting essentially of only a divalent salt in the absence of the monovalent salt.
摘要翻译： 钻井系统流体及其使用方法。 钻井系统流体包括作为连续相的水，一定量的多价金属和一定量的电荷密度为至少约1％的水溶性聚丙烯酰胺共聚物。 在一个优选的实施方案中，与基本上仅在不存在一价盐的情况下仅由二价盐组成的流体相比，流体还包含有效增加气体水合物抑制和降低密度的第二量的单价盐。
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2.发明授权Shale stabilizing drilling fluids comprising calcium chloride and low molecular weight low charge cationicpolyacrylamide copolymers 失效包含氯化钙和低分子量低电荷阳离子聚丙烯酰胺共聚物的页岩稳定钻井液公开(公告)号：US06355600B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-12
申请号：US09411346
申请日：1999-10-01
IPC分类号： C09K702
CPC分类号： C09K8/12 , C09K2208/18
摘要： A drilling fluid and method of using same. The drilling fluid comprises water as a continuous phase, an amount of calcium chloride, and a quantity of a polyacrylamide copolymer. The amount of calcium chloride and the quantity of polyacrylamide copolymer in the drilling fluid are sufficient to produce a rate of penetration approaching that achieved using a synthetic oil-based drilling fluid while preventing substantial screen blinding. In a preferred embodiment, the continuous phase also comprises a second amount of a monovalent salt effective to increase gas hydrate suppression and decrease density when compared to a fluid consisting essentially of only a divalent salt in the absence of the monovalent salt.
摘要翻译： 钻井液及其使用方法。 钻井液包括作为连续相的水，一定量的氯化钙和一定量的聚丙烯酰胺共聚物。 钻井液中氯化钙的量和聚丙烯酰胺共聚物的量足以产生接近使用合成油基钻井液达到的渗透速率，同时防止大量的筛网堵塞。 在一个优选的实施方案中，连续相还包含第二量的一价盐，当与不存在一价盐时基本上仅由二价盐组成的流体相比，这有效地增加气体水合物的抑制和降低密度。
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3.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07749943B2
公开(公告)日：2010-07-06
申请号：US11284163
申请日：2005-11-21
申请人： Tao Xiang , Dennis K. Clapper
发明人： Tao Xiang , Dennis K. Clapper
CPC分类号： C09K8/035 , C08K5/053 , C09K8/12 , C09K8/32 , C09K2208/18 , C08L9/08 , C08L21/02 , C08L19/02
摘要： Latex additives, methods for treating latex additives, drilling fluid systems, and lost circulation pills comprising the latex additives, the latex additive comprising latex particles having a particle size distribution before aging comprising an average particle diameter of about 1 micron or less; and a quantity of one or more water soluble oxygenated organic molecules comprising two or more oxygen atoms effective to maintain substantially the same particle size distribution before and after freezing the latex additive.
摘要翻译： 乳胶添加剂，用于处理胶乳添加剂的方法，钻井液体系和包含胶乳添加剂的缺油循环丸，所述胶乳添加剂包含具有老化之前的粒度分布的胶乳颗粒，其平均粒径为约1微米或更小; 以及一定量的一种或多种包含两个或更多个氧原子的水溶性氧化有机分子，其有效地在乳胶添加剂冷冻之前和之后保持基本上相同的粒度分布。
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公开(公告)号：US20070034410A1
公开(公告)日：2007-02-15
申请号：US11542905
申请日：2006-10-04
申请人： Tao Xiang
发明人： Tao Xiang
CPC分类号： C09K8/145 , C09K8/206 , C09K8/22 , C09K8/5045 , C09K8/506 , C09K8/5083 , C09K8/514 , C09K2208/18
摘要： A method for reducing circulation loss during drilling operations, the method comprising: performing drilling operations using a water-based drilling fluid system comprising a first amount of water insoluble particulate; providing the drilling fluid system with a second amount of alkali metal silicate, the first amount of water insoluble particulate and the second amount of alkali metal silicate comprising a circulation loss combination; and reducing the pH of the water-based drilling fluid system using a quantity of water soluble activating agent effective to form an effective circulation loss structure after a period of time.
摘要翻译： 一种用于减少钻井作业中的循环损失的方法，所述方法包括：使用包含第一量水不溶性颗粒的水基钻井液系统进行钻井作业; 向所述钻井液体系提供第二量的碱金属硅酸盐，所述第一量的水不溶性颗粒和所述第二量的碱金属硅酸盐包含循环损失组合; 并使用一定量的水溶性活化剂，在一段时间后有效形成有效的循环损失结构，降低水基钻井液体系的pH值。
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5.发明申请Water-Based Mud Lubricant Using Fatty Acid Polyamine Salts and Fatty Acid Esters 失效使用脂肪酸多胺盐和脂肪酸酯的水性泥浆润滑剂公开(公告)号：US20110036579A1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-17
申请号：US12852930
申请日：2010-08-09
申请人： Tao Xiang , Remy Azrai Mohd Amin
发明人： Tao Xiang , Remy Azrai Mohd Amin
IPC分类号： E21B43/16 , C09K8/28 , C10M105/34
CPC分类号： C09K8/06 , C09K8/22 , C09K8/28 , C09K2208/02 , C09K2208/34
摘要： Water-based drilling mud lubricants using a blend of fatty acid polyamine salts and fatty acid esters give synergistically better lubricity results than either component used separately. For example, the blends with different ratios of fatty acid diethylenetriamine salt and fatty acid methyl ester demonstrate much better lubricity in water-based drilling fluids than those where only fatty acid diethylenetriamine salt or fatty acid methyl ester are separately used. The amines in fatty acid amine salt might also include other polyamines, such as butanediamine pentamethylenediamine, spermidine, spermine, propylene diamine and propylene polyamines. The fatty acid esters might also include fatty acid ethyl ester, fatty acid glycerol ester and fatty acid trimethylolpropane ester. The carbon numbers of the fatty acids used to make the components in the lubricant blend may range from C4 to C28.
摘要翻译： 使用脂肪酸多胺盐和脂肪酸酯的混合物的水性钻井泥浆润滑剂比单独使用的任一组分之间产生协同的更好的润滑性结果。 例如，与仅分别使用脂肪酸二亚乙基三胺盐或脂肪酸甲酯的那些相比，具有不同比例的脂肪酸二亚乙基三胺盐和脂肪酸甲酯的共混物在水基钻井液中表现出更好的润滑性。 脂肪酸胺盐中的胺还可以包括其它多胺，例如丁二胺五亚甲基二胺，亚精胺，精胺，丙二胺和丙烯多胺。 脂肪酸酯还可以包括脂肪酸乙酯，脂肪酸甘油酯和脂肪酸三羟甲基丙烷酯。 用于制备润滑剂共混物中组分的脂肪酸的碳数可以为C4至C28。
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6.发明授权Invert emulsion drilling fluid systems comprising an emulsified aqueous phase comprising dispersed integral latex particles 有权反相乳液钻井液系统包括乳化水相，其包含分散的整体胶乳颗粒-
公开(公告)号：US08053394B2
公开(公告)日：2011-11-08
申请号：US12707830
申请日：2010-02-18
申请人： Tao Xiang , Dennis K. Clapper , Donald C. Krause
发明人： Tao Xiang , Dennis K. Clapper , Donald C. Krause
摘要： A drilling fluid has a redispersible polymer powder introduced as a water dispersion that is capable of providing a deformable latex film on at least a portion of a subterranean sand formation and which inhibits or controls fluid loss and acts as a sealing agent when used to drill in sand formations for hydrocarbon recovery operations. The redispersible polymer powder may be made by drying the emulsion in which they are formed and then grinding into a powder or by spray drying. The polymer particles of suitable size precipitate or collect or assemble onto the pores of a subterranean sand formation to at least partial seal the formation with a deformable polymer film.
摘要翻译： 钻井液具有作为水分散体引入的可再分散的聚合物粉末，其能够在地下砂层的至少一部分上提供可变形的胶乳膜，并且其在用于钻入时可以抑制或控制流体损失并用作密封剂 用于碳氢化合物回收作业的砂层。 可再分散的聚合物粉末可以通过干燥形成它们的乳液然后研磨成粉末或通过喷雾干燥而制成。 合适尺寸的聚合物颗粒沉淀或收集或组装到地下砂层的孔中，以至少部分地用可变形聚合物膜密封地层。
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公开(公告)号：US20090202557A1
公开(公告)日：2009-08-13
申请号：US12322088
申请日：2009-01-29
申请人： Maria A. Argiriadi , David W. Borhani , Tao Xiang , Chengbin Wu , Tariq Ghayur
发明人： Maria A. Argiriadi , David W. Borhani , Tao Xiang , Chengbin Wu , Tariq Ghayur
IPC分类号： A61K39/395 , C07K1/00 , C07K14/54 , C07K16/24
CPC分类号： C30B29/58 , C07K1/306 , C07K16/244 , C07K2299/00 , C07K2317/21 , C07K2317/34 , C07K2317/55 , C07K2317/56 , C07K2317/76 , C07K2317/92 , C30B7/00
摘要： The invention provides methods of crystallizing antibodies and fragments thereof as well as crystals produced thereby. More particularly, the invention provides methods of crystallizing human and non-human Fab fragments of antibodies, either alone or as co-crystals with their target ligand. For example, a crystal comprising a murine Fab fragment of the antibody 125-2H or a human Fab fragment of the antibody ABT-325, which bind to IL-18, are provided as well as a co-crystal of a murine Fab fragment bound to IL-18. ABT-325 and 125-2H differ significantly in combining site character and architecture, thus explaining their ability to bind IL-18 simultaneously at distinct epitopes.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了结晶抗体及其片段以及由此制备的晶体的方法。 更具体地说，本发明提供了将人抗体和非人Fab片段单独结晶或与其靶配体共结晶的方法。 例如，提供了包含结合IL-18的抗体125-2H的鼠Fab片段或抗体ABT-325的人Fab片段的结晶以及结合于鼠Fab片段的共晶体 到IL-18。 ABT-325和125-2H在组合位点特征和结构上有显着差异，从而说明了它们在不同表位同时结合IL-18的能力。
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公开(公告)号：US07507692B2
公开(公告)日：2009-03-24
申请号：US11542905
申请日：2006-10-04
申请人： Tao Xiang
发明人： Tao Xiang
CPC分类号： C09K8/145 , C09K8/206 , C09K8/22 , C09K8/5045 , C09K8/506 , C09K8/5083 , C09K8/514 , C09K2208/18
摘要： A method for reducing circulation loss during drilling operations, the method comprising: performing drilling operations using a water-based drilling fluid system comprising a first amount of water insoluble particulate; providing the drilling fluid system with a second amount of alkali metal silicate, the first amount of water insoluble particulate and the second amount of alkali metal silicate comprising a circulation loss combination; and reducing the pH of the water-based drilling fluid system using a quantity of water soluble activating agent effective to form an effective circulation loss structure after a period of time.
摘要翻译： 一种用于减少钻井作业中的循环损失的方法，所述方法包括：使用包含第一量水不溶性颗粒的水基钻井液系统进行钻井作业; 向所述钻井液体系提供第二量的碱金属硅酸盐，所述第一量的水不溶性颗粒和所述第二量的碱金属硅酸盐包含循环损失组合; 并使用一定量的水溶性活化剂，在一段时间后有效形成有效的循环损失结构，降低水基钻井液体系的pH值。
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公开(公告)号：US07393813B2
公开(公告)日：2008-07-01
申请号：US10634334
申请日：2003-08-04
IPC分类号： C09K8/487
摘要： A water-based drilling fluid having a polymer latex capable of providing a deformable latex film on at least a portion of a subterranean formation has been discovered to provide reduced drilling fluid pressure invasion when used to drill in shale formations for hydrocarbon recovery operations. A precipitating agent such as a silicate or an aluminum complex (e.g. sodium aluminate) is preferably used in conjunction with the polymer. Typically, the water present contains a salt to form a brine, often to saturation, although the invention may be practiced with fresh water. If a salt is employed, it is often helpful to additionally employ a surfactant, such as a betaine, for example.
摘要翻译： 已经发现具有能够在地层的至少一部分上提供可变形胶乳膜的聚合物胶乳的水基钻井液被提供用于在用于烃回收操作的页岩地层中钻井时提供降低的钻井液压力侵入。 沉淀剂如硅酸盐或铝络合物（例如铝酸钠）优选与聚合物结合使用。 通常，存在的水包含盐以形成盐水，通常饱和，尽管本发明可以用淡水实施。 如果使用盐，通常有助于另外使用表面活性剂，例如甜菜碱。
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