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公开(公告)号：US4208580A
公开(公告)日：1980-06-17
申请号：US973244
申请日：1978-12-26
CPC分类号： G01V5/101
摘要： In the illustrative embodiments of the invention disclosed, the lithology of an earth formation traversed by a well bore is investigated by irradiating the formation with a neutron source and generating an energy spectrum of the activation gamma rays resulting therefrom. From the spectrum thus obtained, the levels of the activation gamma radiation emitted by .sup.27 Mg and that emitted by .sup.49 Ca are determined. The two intensity measurements are then combined, e.g. by forming a cross-plot or ratio thereof, to provide an indication of the lithology of the earth formation and, in particular, of the extent of dolomitization of the formation.
摘要翻译： 在所公开的本发明的说明性实施例中，通过用中子源照射地层并产生由其产生的激活γ射线的能谱来研究由井眼穿过的地层的岩性。 从如此获得的光谱中，确定由27Mg发射的激活γ辐射和由49Ca发射的激发γ辐射的水平。 然后将两个强度测量结合，例如。 通过形成交叉图或其比例，以提供地层岩性的指示，特别是地层的白云石化程度。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4404467A
公开(公告)日：1983-09-13
申请号：US202454
申请日：1980-10-31
IPC分类号： G01V5/10
CPC分类号： G01V5/101
摘要： In the illustrative embodiments of the invention disclosed, the lithology and salinity of an earth formation traversed by a well bore are investigated by irradiating the formation with a neutron source and generating an energy spectrum of the activation gamma rays resulting therefrom. From the spectrum thus obtained, the level of the activation gamma radiation emitted by .sup.24 Na and that emitted by .sup.38 Cl are determined. The two intensity measurements are then combined, e.g., by forming a cross-plot or ratio thereof, to provide an indication of the lithology and salinity of the earth formation.
摘要翻译： 在所公开的本发明的说明性实施例中，通过用中子源照射地层并产生由其产生的激活γ射线的能谱来研究由井眼穿过的地层的岩性和盐度。 从这样获得的光谱中，确定由24Na发射的激发γ辐射和由38Cl发射的激发γ辐射的水平。 然后，例如通过形成交叉图或其比例来组合两个强度测量值，以提供地层的岩性和盐度的指示。
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公开(公告)号：US4085798A
公开(公告)日：1978-04-25
申请号：US750846
申请日：1976-12-15
CPC分类号： E21B47/1015 , E21B43/16 , E21B47/00
摘要： A method of determining the flood front profile created during the production flooding of an oil-bearing formation utilizes cased observation boreholes located between the injection wells and the producing wells. The time and depth of arrival of the flood front at an observation borehole are detected by gamma ray spectroscopy examination of the formation. Tracer elements having characteristic gamma ray emission energies are employed to facilitate detection of the flood front and its direction of travel. The tracer elements may be naturally radioactive substances or they may be normally stable elements which are rendered radioactive by neutronbombardment. Elements having interfering spectral lines may be separated on the basis of half-life measurements, selective detection periods or the response of the elements to different energy neutrons. By repeating the detection process at different depths and times, the profile of the flood front as it approaches the producing wells may be developed. This information may be used to control the flooding operating to prevent or localize premature breakthrough to the producing wells.
摘要翻译： 确定在含油地层的生产淹没期间产生的洪水前缘剖面的方法利用位于注入井和生产井之间的套管观察钻孔。 通过对地层的伽马射线光谱检测，可以检测洪水前沿在观测井眼的时间和深度。 采用具有特征伽马射线能量的示踪元件，便于检测洪水前沿及其行进方向。 示踪元件可以是天然放射性物质，或者它们可以是通过中子轰击而放射性的通常稳定的元素。 具有干扰光谱线的元件可以基于半衰期测量，选择性检测周期或元件对不同能量中子的响应来分离。 通过重复不同深度和时间的检测过程，可以开发洪水前沿接近生产井的轮廓。 该信息可用于控制淹水操作以防止或定位到生产井的过早突破。
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公开(公告)号：US4597452A
公开(公告)日：1986-07-01
申请号：US731007
申请日：1985-05-06
CPC分类号： E02F3/7663 , A01B13/00
摘要： A disk grading terrace plow comprising a plurality of disk units mounted below an angled beam frame which is towed at an angle of 40 to 45 degrees to the direction of tow via a tractor connected to an elevated hitch beam mounted to the said angle beam frame in a lateral position which balances draft torques. Alignment of the said disk units, each comprising a disk blade, shank and attachment structure, along the angled beam frame is such that dirt is excavated from a furrow and discharged both vertically and laterally in front of the next sequential rearward disk. The excavated dirt then continues to shift from disk-to-disk in a compound grading manner until all the dirt is shifted around the rearmost disk blade. The depth of cut for the disk grading terrace plow is controlled by adjusting hydraulic cylinders connected to a front and rear gauge wheel, respectively. Construction or maintenance of a terrace ridge is achieved by grading dirt toward the centerline of the ridge at speeds of 4 to 5 miles per hour wherein limitations associated with using conventional plows is overcome with this invention by grading dirt beyond the throw of a single disk or plow blade with each pass.
摘要翻译： 一种盘分级露台犁，包括多个盘单元，其安装在成角度的梁框架下方，该框架通过连接到安装到所述角梁架上的高架构梁的拖拉机以与托架的方向成40度至45度的角度被拖曳 横向位置，平衡牵引扭矩。 沿着成角度的梁框架的每个包括盘片，柄和附接结构的所述盘单元的对准使得从沟槽挖出污垢并在下一顺序的向后盘前面垂直和横向排出。 挖掘的污垢然后继续以复合分级方式从盘到盘移动，直到所有的污垢在最后面的磁盘刀片周围移动。 圆盘分级露台犁的切割深度分别通过调整连接到前后轮距的液压缸来控制。 通过以4到5英里/小时的速度将灰尘分层到脊的中心线，实现了平台脊的建造或维护，其中与使用传统犁相关联的限制通过本发明通过将污垢分级到超过单个盘的扔或者 犁刀每次通过。
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5.发明授权Technique and process for controlling material properties during impact consolidation of powders 有权粉末冲击固结过程中控制材料性能的技术和工艺公开(公告)号：US08113025B2
公开(公告)日：2012-02-14
申请号：US12207725
申请日：2008-09-10
申请人： Ralph M. Tapphorn , Howard Gabel
发明人： Ralph M. Tapphorn , Howard Gabel
CPC分类号： C21D7/06 , B22F7/04 , B22F2999/00 , Y10T29/479 , B22F3/02
摘要： Impact consolidated powders form deposits that are densified by substantially simultaneous shot peening of the impact consolidated powder.
摘要翻译： 冲击固结粉末形成通过冲击固化粉末的基本上同时喷丸硬化而致密的沉积物。
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6.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07178744B2
公开(公告)日：2007-02-20
申请号：US10996157
申请日：2004-11-22
申请人： Ralph M. Tapphorn , Howard Gabel
发明人： Ralph M. Tapphorn , Howard Gabel
摘要： The invention relates to an apparatus and process for solid-state deposition and consolidation of powder particles entrained in a subsonic or sonic gas jet onto the surface of an object. Under high velocity impact and thermal plastic deformation, the powder particles adhesively bond to the substrate and cohesively bond together to form consolidated materials with metallurgical bonds. The powder particles and optionally the surface of the object are heated to a temperature that reduces yield strength and permits plastic deformation at low flow stress levels during high velocity impact, but which is not so high as to melt the powder particles.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于固体沉积和固定在亚音速或声音气体射流中的粉末颗粒到物体表面上的装置和方法。 在高速冲击和热塑性变形下，粉末颗粒粘合到基体上并粘结在一起，形成具有冶金结合的固结材料。 粉末颗粒和任选的物体的表面被加热到降低屈服强度并允许在高速冲击期间的低流动应力水平下的塑性变形的温度，但是其不会熔化粉末颗粒那么高。
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公开(公告)号：US4241592A
公开(公告)日：1980-12-30
申请号：US838886
申请日：1977-10-03
申请人： Ralph M. Tapphorn
发明人： Ralph M. Tapphorn
CPC分类号： G01V5/04 , E21B36/003 , E21B47/011 , F17C3/085 , F25D3/00 , F17C2221/014 , F17C2221/017 , F17C2270/0518 , H01L2924/0002
摘要： In the specific embodiments of the invention disclosed, a semiconductor radiation detector located in a logging tool sized for passage through a borehole is maintained at cryogenic temperatures by a cryostat housed in the tool. The cryostat includes a cryogen chamber containing a melting-solid type cryogen. Thermal insulation in the form of radiation heat shields and a vacuum chamber surround the cryogen chamber. The integrity of the vacuum insulation is maintained by an active vacuum pump. The pump may be mounted either externally of the cryostat, such that its operation is independent of temperature conditions within the cryostat, or internally thereof, so as to be cooled by the cryogen. Alternatively, a second cryostat may be provided to cool the pump.
摘要翻译： 在所公开的本发明的具体实施例中，位于测井工具中的半导体辐射探测器的尺寸适于通过钻孔，通过容纳在工具中的低温恒温器保持在低温温度。 低温恒温器包括含有熔融固体型冷冻剂的冷冻剂室。 辐射热屏蔽形式的隔热和围绕冷冻剂室的真空室。 真空绝缘的完整性由主动真空泵保持。 泵可以安装在低温恒温器的外部，使得其操作独立于低温恒温器内或其内部的温度条件，以便被冷冻剂冷却。 或者，可以提供第二低温恒温器来冷却泵。
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公开(公告)号：US06915964B2
公开(公告)日：2005-07-12
申请号：US10116812
申请日：2002-04-05
申请人： Ralph M. Tapphorn , Howard Gabel
发明人： Ralph M. Tapphorn , Howard Gabel
摘要： The invention relates to an apparatus and process for solid-state deposition and consolidation of powder particles entrained in a subsonic or sonic gas jet onto the surface of an object. Under high velocity impact and thermal plastic deformation, the powder particles adhesively bond to the substrate and cohesively bond together to form consolidated materials with metallurgical bonds. The powder particles and optionally the surface of the object are heated to a temperature that reduces yield strength and permits plastic deformation at low flow stress levels during high velocity impact, but which is not so high as to melt the powder particles.
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公开(公告)号：US5795626A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-18
申请号：US719740
申请日：1996-09-25
申请人： Howard Gabel , Ralph M. Tapphorn
发明人： Howard Gabel , Ralph M. Tapphorn
IPC分类号： B05B5/047 , B05B7/14 , B05B15/04 , B24C3/32 , B24C5/02 , B24C7/00 , B24C11/00 , B05D1/06 , B05B5/00 , B05B5/12 , B05C5/02
CPC分类号： B05B7/144 , B05B15/0412 , B05B15/0425 , B05B5/047 , B05B7/1404 , B24C11/00 , B24C3/325 , B24C5/02 , B24C7/0046 , Y02P70/36
摘要： An environmentally compliant triboelectric applicator and process for coating or ablating a substrate and for retrieving excess or ejected material from the substrate. The applicator comprises an inner supersonic nozzle for accelerating triboelectrically charged projectile particles entrained in a supersonic gas to speeds sufficiently high to coat or ablate a substrate and an outer evacuator nozzle coaxially surrounding the inner supersonic nozzle for retrieving excess projectile particles, ablated substrate powders, or other environmentally hazardous materials. A fluid dynamic coupling uses the efficacy of the Mach turning angle associated with a supersonic boundary layer of carrier gas to aspirate the central core of the supersonic two-phase jet. This fluid coupling and spacing between the outlet of the supersonic nozzle and the substrate also permits the projectile particles and substrate to triboelectrically charge to levels which induce electrostatic discharges at the substrate simultaneous to the impacts.
摘要翻译： 环境友好的摩擦电涂布器和用于涂覆或烧蚀基底并用于从基底中回收过量或喷射的材料的方法。 施加器包括内部超音速喷嘴，用于加速夹带在超音速气体中的摩擦带电的抛射体颗粒，以足够高的速度涂覆或消除基底，以及同轴地围绕内部超音速喷嘴的外部抽空喷嘴，用于回收多余的抛射体颗粒，烧蚀的基底粉末或 其他对环境有害的材料。 流体动力耦合使用与载气的超音速边界层相关联的马赫数转向角的效力来吸入超音速两相射流的中心核心。 超音速喷嘴和基板出口之间的这种流体耦合和间隔也允许抛射体颗粒和基底摩擦电荷到在撞击同时引起基板静电放电的水平。
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公开(公告)号：US10722910B2
公开(公告)日：2020-07-28
申请号：US16419534
申请日：2019-05-22
申请人： Ralph M. Tapphorn , Howard Gabel
发明人： Ralph M. Tapphorn , Howard Gabel
摘要： Powder fluidizing apparatus includes a unitary pressure vessel having a powder compartment and a transfer compartment, a lid on a first open end of the powder compartment and a base on a second end of the unitary pressure vessel, the second end sealing an open end of the transfer compartment. A plate separates the powder compartment from the transfer compartment, the plate being located between the lid and the base. A coupling collar secures a sieve disk packet in an opening in the plate. A tube extends from the transfer compartment to the powder compartment, the tube extending to a location near the lid of the unitary pressure vessel. When the transfer compartment is pressurized with a carrier gas, pressure in the transfer compartment and pressure in the powder compartment are equalized by the tube. The unitary pressure vessel is configured to contain the carrier gas in both the powder compartment and the transfer compartment and simultaneously perform as a reservoir for holding a quantity of powder in the powder compartment.
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