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公开(公告)号：US06959023B1
公开(公告)日：2005-10-25
申请号：US10231647
申请日：2002-08-29
CPC分类号： H01S5/141 , H01S5/0265 , H01S5/142
摘要： A tunable laser and laser tuning method based on the use of a tunable etalon in reflection as a mirror within a laser cavity. The laser emission wavelength is not necessarily at a wavelength of peak etalon reflectivity. A preferred embodiment makes use of a microelectromechanical etalon to tune an external cavity semiconductor laser.
摘要翻译： 基于在激光腔内作为反射镜使用可调标准具的可调谐激光和激光调谐方法。 激光发射波长不一定在标准具有峰值反射率的波长。 优选的实施例利用微机电标准具来调谐外腔半导体激光器。
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公开(公告)号：US5912740A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-15
申请号：US879975
申请日：1997-06-20
摘要： Ring-shaped resonant cavities for spectroscopy allow a reduction in optical feedback to the light source, and provide information on the interaction of both s- and p-polarized light with samples. A laser light source is locked to a single cavity mode. An intracavity acousto-optic modulator may be used to couple light into the cavity. The cavity geometry is particularly useful for Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS).
摘要翻译： 用于光谱的环形谐振腔允许减少对光源的光学反馈，并提供关于s和p偏振光与样本的相互作用的信息。 激光光源被锁定到单腔模式。 可以使用腔内声光调制器将光耦合到腔中。 腔体几何形状特别适用于腔内环形光谱（CRDS）。
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公开(公告)号：US06792010B2
公开(公告)日：2004-09-14
申请号：US10327576
申请日：2002-12-20
IPC分类号： H01S3098
CPC分类号： H01S5/141 , H01S3/08036 , H01S3/1068 , H01S5/1039
摘要： According to the present invention, laser performance is improved by appropriately matching the spectral periods of various etalons within the laser cavity. A first embodiment of the invention is a discretely tunable external cavity semiconductor laser where a grid fixing etalon is present in the laser cavity, the grid fixing etalon free spectral range (FSR) is a whole number multiple of the laser cavity FSR, and the grid fixing etalon FSR is a whole number multiple of the chip etalon FSR. A second embodiment of the invention is a fixed wavelength external cavity semiconductor laser where the chip etalon FSR is a whole number multiple of the laser cavity FSR, and a mode suppressing etalon is inserted into the laser cavity such that the mode suppressing etalon FSR is a whole number multiple of the chip etalon FSR. A third embodiment of the invention is a tunable external cavity semiconductor laser where the chip etalon FSR is a whole number multiple of the laser cavity FSR. A fourth embodiment of the invention is a fixed wavelength external cavity semiconductor laser where the chip etalon FSR is a whole number multiple of the laser cavity FSR.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明，通过适当地匹配激光腔内的各种标准具的光谱周期来提高激光性能。 本发明的第一实施例是离散可调谐的外腔半导体激光器，其中在激光腔中存在格栅固定标准具，格栅固定标准具自由光谱范围（FSR）是激光腔FSR的整数倍，网格 固定标准具FSR是芯片标准具FSR的整数倍。 本发明的第二实施例是一种固定波长的外腔半导体激光器，其中标准具FSR是激光腔FSR的整数倍，并且模式抑制标准具被插入到激光腔中，使得模式抑制标准具FSR为 芯片标准具FSR的整数倍。 本发明的第三实施例是可调谐的外腔半导体激光器，其中标准具FSR是激光腔FSR的整数倍。 本发明的第四实施例是一种固定波长的外腔半导体激光器，其中标准具FSR是激光腔FSR的整数倍。
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4.发明授权Flow cell for optical detection having reduced sensitivity to refractive index variation 有权用于光学检测的流动池具有降低的对折射率变化的敏感性公开(公告)号：US07116423B2
公开(公告)日：2006-10-03
申请号：US10700947
申请日：2003-10-31
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/39
摘要： An apparatus for cavity enhanced optical detection having an improved flow cell is provided. Sensitivity of the cavity resonance condition to changes in refractive index of an analyte flowing through the flow cell is reduced. More specifically, the round trip optical path defined by the resonant cavity intersects a curved cavity input mirror at a point. This point has a location on the input mirror that is substantially independent of the refractive index of the analyte. In this manner, changes in sample refractive index do not lead to misalignment of the resonant optical cavity.
摘要翻译： 提供一种具有改进的流通池的腔增强光学检测装置。 空腔共振条件对流过流动池的分析物的折射率变化的灵敏度降低。 更具体地，由谐振腔定义的往返光路在一点与相交的曲面腔输入镜相交。 这一点在输入镜上具有基本上独立于分析物的折射率的位置。 以这种方式，样品折射率的变化不会导致共振光学腔的未对准。
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公开(公告)号：US06377350B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-23
申请号：US09497333
申请日：2000-02-03
申请人： Barbara A. Paldus , Charles Harb
发明人： Barbara A. Paldus , Charles Harb
IPC分类号： G01B902
CPC分类号： G01J3/10 , G01J3/42 , G01N21/39 , G01N2021/391
摘要： Method and system for generating a sequence of two or more light beam central frequencies. A first mirror, in an optical cavity defined by two or more mirrors, is moved to a sequence of two or more locations relative to a second mirror in the cavity. The first mirror location is dithered relative to the second mirror for each location in the sequence to produce a light beam having a dithered sequence of cavity frequencies that are related to longitudinal mode resonant frequencies for the cavity. Alternatively, frequency locking is implemented for each of the sequence of central frequencies. The light beam may be passed through a sample within the cavity for spectroscopic measurements or may be extracted from an empty cavity to provide a sequence of light beam frequencies for a subsequent application.
摘要翻译： 用于产生两个或多个光束中心频率序列的方法和系统。 在由两个或更多个反射镜限定的光学腔中的第一反射镜相对于腔中的第二反射镜移动到两个或更多个位置的序列。 对于序列中的每个位置，第一镜位置相对于第二镜抖动，以产生具有与空腔的纵向模式共振频率相关的腔频率的抖动序列的光束。 或者，针对中心频率序列中的每一个实施频率锁定。 光束可以通过腔内的样品用于光谱测量，或者可以从空腔中提取以提供用于后续应用的光束频率序列。
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公开(公告)号：US6084682A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-04
申请号：US61080
申请日：1998-04-15
CPC分类号： G01N21/39 , G01N2021/391
摘要： Distinct locking and sampling light beams are used in a cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) system to perform multiple ring-down measurements while the laser and ring-down cavity are continuously locked. The sampling and locking light beams have different frequencies, to ensure that the sampling and locking light are decoupled within the cavity. Preferably, the ring-down cavity is ring-shaped, the sampling light is s-polarized, and the locking light is p-polarized. Transmitted sampling light is used for ring-down measurements, while reflected locking light is used for locking in a Pound-Drever scheme.
摘要翻译： 不同的锁定和采样光束在空腔衰减光谱（CRDS）系统中被使用，以在激光和衰减腔被连续锁定的同时进行多次衰减测量。 采样和锁定光束具有不同的频率，以确保采样和锁定光在腔内解耦。 优选地，环形腔是环形的，采样光是s偏振的，并且锁定光是p偏振的。 发射采样灯用于衰减测量，而反射锁定灯用于锁定Pound-Drever方案。
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公开(公告)号：US06233052B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-15
申请号：US09273195
申请日：1999-03-19
IPC分类号： G01N2100
CPC分类号： G01N21/39
摘要： An analog detection system for determining a ring-down rate or decay rate 1/&tgr; of an exponentially decaying ring-down beam issuing from a lifetime or ring-down cavity during a ring-down phase. Alternatively, the analog detection system determines a build-up rate of an exponentially growing beam issuing from the cavity during a ring-up phase. The analog system can be employed in continuous wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CW CRDS) and pulsed CRDS (P CRDS) arrangements utilizing any type of ring-down cavity including ring-cavities and linear cavities.
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公开(公告)号：US5815277A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-29
申请号：US949242
申请日：1997-10-10
摘要： Light is coupled into a cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) resonant cavity using an acousto-optic modulator. The AOM allows in-coupling efficiencies in excess of 40%, which is two to three orders of magnitude higher than in conventional systems using a cavity mirror for in-coupling. The AOM shutoff time is shorter than the roundtrip time of the cavity. The higher light intensities lead to a reduction in shot noise, and allow the use of relatively insensitive but fast-responding detectors such as photovoltaic detectors. Other deflection devices such as electro-optic modulators or elements used in conventional Q-switching may be used instead of the AOM. The method is particularly useful in the mid-infrared, far-infrared, and ultraviolet wavelength ranges, for which moderately reflecting input mirrors are not widely available.
摘要翻译： 使用声光调制器将光耦合到空腔环形光谱（CRDS）谐振腔中。 AOM允许超过40％的耦合效率，这比使用用于耦合的腔镜的常规系统高两到三个数量级。 AOM关闭时间比空腔的往返时间短。 较高的光强度导致散粒噪声的降低，并且允许使用相对不敏感但快速响应的检测器，例如光伏检测器。 可以使用诸如电光调制器或常规Q开关中使用的元件的其它偏转装置来代替AOM。 该方法在中红外线，远红外线和紫外线波长范围内特别有用，对于中等反射输入反射镜不能广泛使用。
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公开(公告)号：US6094267A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-25
申请号：US295213
申请日：1999-04-21
IPC分类号： G01J3/26 , G01J3/30 , G01J3/42 , G01J3/447 , G01J9/04 , G01N21/03 , G01N21/21 , G01N21/27 , G01N21/39 , H01S3/00 , G01B9/02
摘要： A cavity ring-down system for performing cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) using optical heterodyne detection of a ring-down wave E.sub.RD during a ring-down phase or a ring-up wave E.sub.RU during a ring up phase. The system sends a local oscillator wave E.sub.LO and a signal wave E.sub.SIGNAL to the cavity, preferably a ring resonator, and derives an interference signal from the combined local oscillator wave E.sub.LO and the ring-down wave E.sub.RD (or ring-up wave E.sub.RU). The local oscillator wave E.sub.LO has a first polarization and the ring-down wave E.sub.RD has a second polarization different from the first polarization. The system has a combining arrangement for combining or overlapping local oscillator wave E.sub.LO and the ring-down wave E.sub.RD at a photodetector, which receives the interference signal and generates a heterodyne current I.sub.H therefrom. Frequency and phase differences between the waves are adjustable.
摘要翻译： 一种空穴衰减系统，用于在振铃阶段期间使用环形衰减波ERR的环外波检测来执行空腔衰减光谱（CRDS）。 该系统将本地振荡器波ELO和信号波ESIGNAL发送到腔，优选地是环形谐振器，并且从组合的本地振荡器波ELO和衰减波ERD（或振铃波ERU）导出干扰信号。 本地振荡器波ELO具有第一极化，并且降波波ERD具有与第一极化不同的第二极化。 该系统具有用于组合或重叠本地振荡器波ELO和在光电检测器处的衰减波ERD的组合布置，其接收干扰信号并从其产生外差电流IH。 波之间的频率和相位差可调。
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公开(公告)号：US06532071B2
公开(公告)日：2003-03-11
申请号：US09755253
申请日：2001-01-04
IPC分类号： G01N2117
CPC分类号： G01N21/39
摘要： An analog detection system for determining a ring-down rate or decay rate 1/&tgr; of an exponentially decaying ring-down beam issuing from a lifetime or ring-down cavity during a ring-down phase. Alternatively, the analog detection system determines a build-up rate of an exponentially growing beam issuing from the cavity during a ring-up phase. The analog system can be employed in continuous wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CW CRDS) and pulsed CRDS (P CRDS) arrangements utilizing any type of ring-down cavity including ring-cavities and linear cavities.
摘要翻译： 一种模拟检测系统，用于确定在衰落阶段期间从寿命或衰落腔中发出的指数衰减衰减波束的衰减速率或衰减速率1 /τ。 或者，模拟检测系统确定在振铃阶段期间从空腔发出的指数增长的光束的累积速率。 模拟系统可用于连续波腔衰减光谱（CW CRDS）和脉冲CRDS（P CRDS）布置，利用任何类型的环形腔包括环形腔和线性腔。
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