公开(公告)号：US4695687A

公开(公告)日：1987-09-22

申请号：US29502

申请日：1987-03-23

申请人： Joachim Grosse ,  Ruediger Hess ,  Wilfried Kuhl ,  Reiner Mueller

发明人： Joachim Grosse ,  Ruediger Hess ,  Wilfried Kuhl ,  Reiner Mueller

IPC分类号： H01H33/66 ,  H01H1/02 ,  H01H33/664

CPC分类号： H01H33/6642 ,  H01H1/0206

摘要： Contact pieces for vacuum switches with axial magnetic field are designed, for example, as pot type contacts with codirectional slotting which contain in each instance a disk-shaped contact body of contact material and have an arrangement for the suppression of eddy currents. Conventional techniques for this purpose typically involves the cutting of radial slots in the contact bodies. In accordance with the invention, each contact piece (10, 110, 210) comprises a plurality of discrete elements (11, 111, 211) which are so arranged on the concrete carrier (2) that their edges (12, 13; 112, 113; 212, 213) form joints (25, 125, 225) and thereby define conductivity jumps for the suppression of the eddy currents. Specifically the discrete segments (111, 211) are produced by reshaping a cylindrical blank (100) of circular cross section into a semi-finished product of circular sectorial cross section.

摘要翻译： 具有轴向磁场的真空开关的接触件例如被设计为具有同向开槽的罐式接触件，其中每个开口均包含接触材料的盘形接触体，并且具有用于抑制涡流的布置。 用于此目的的常规技术通常涉及切割接触体中的径向槽。 根据本发明，每个接触件（10,110,210）包括多个分立的元件（11,111,211），它们被布置在混凝土载体（2）上，使得它们的边缘（12,13; 113,212,213）形成接头（25,125,225），从而限定用于抑制涡流的电导率跳跃。 具体地，离散段（111,211）通过将圆形横截面的圆柱形坯料（100）重新成形为圆形扇形横截面的半成品来生产。

公开(公告)号：US4935588A

公开(公告)日：1990-06-19

申请号：US273857

申请日：1988-09-23

申请人： Ruediger Hess ,  Horst Kippenberg ,  Wilfried Kuhl ,  Wolfgang Schlenk ,  Ernst-Ludwig Hoene ,  Reiner Mueller

发明人： Ruediger Hess ,  Horst Kippenberg ,  Wilfried Kuhl ,  Wolfgang Schlenk ,  Ernst-Ludwig Hoene ,  Reiner Mueller

IPC分类号： H01H33/66 ,  H01H1/02 ,  H01H33/664

CPC分类号： H01H33/6642 ,  H01H1/0206

摘要： Contact pieces for vacuum switches with axial magnetic field are designed e.g. as cup contacts with slotting in the same direction which support a diskshaped contact body and have means for the suppression of eddy currents. According to the invention, the contact bodies (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) have, at least on their backside, radial areas (15, 25, 35, 45, 55) of markedly lower electrical conductivity than the base material. Such radial areas may be, grooves (15 to 18) on the backside (12) of the contact body (10), diffusion zones (25, 35) of additives reducing the electrical conductivity of the base material, or combinations of the two. If the contact bodies (40,50) are made by powder metallurgical methods, it is also possible to provide the radial areas during production as fillings (45) or as molded parts (55) of a material of lower electrical conductivity than that of the base material.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE87 / 00124 Sec。 371日期：1988年9月23日 102（e）1988年9月23日PCT PCT 1987年3月20日PCT公布。 出版物WO87 / 06052 1987年10月8日发布。用于具有轴向磁场的真空开关的接触件被设计为例如。 因为杯子以相同的方向与开槽相接触，其支撑盘形接触体并具有用于抑制涡流的装置。 根据本发明，接触体（10,20,30,40,50）至少在其背面具有比基底材料明显更低导电性的径向区域（15,25,35,45,55）。 这种径向区域可以是接触体（10）的背面（12）上的凹槽（15至18），减少基材的导电性的添加剂的扩散区（25,35）或两者的组合。 如果接触体（40,50）通过粉末冶金方法制造，则也可以在生产期间提供作为填充物（45）的径向区域或作为比导电体（45,50）的导电性低的材料的模制部件（55） 基材。

公开(公告)号：US4780582A

公开(公告)日：1988-10-25

申请号：US13224

申请日：1987-02-05

申请人： Heinrich Haessler ,  Reiner Mueller ,  Horst Kippenberg ,  Wilfried Kuhl ,  Joachim Grosse

发明人： Heinrich Haessler ,  Reiner Mueller ,  Horst Kippenberg ,  Wilfried Kuhl ,  Joachim Grosse

IPC分类号： H01H33/66 ,  C22C1/02 ,  H01H1/02

CPC分类号： C22C1/02 ,  H01H1/0206

摘要： This invention relates to a new use of a fused material of copper and chrome as a contact material for use in vacuum contactors. In addition, the invention relates also to the contact material itself and to the method of its fabrication, as well as for special contact arrangements in the vacuum contactors.The invention shows a whole new, unsuspected range of application for the above fused materials. Up to now, contactors normally used material based on tungsten and copper which were first sintered and then immersed. It has now been experimentally shown that fused materials of copper and chrome, particularly after being reshaped, are very well suited as a contact material for vacuum contactors. Furthermore, in contact pieces of said fused material, methods are provided for additional additives to be precisely inserted by localized alloying, diffusion, or related techniques.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及铜和铬的熔融材料作为用于真空接触器的接触材料的新用途。 此外，本发明还涉及接触材料本身及其制造方法，以及真空接触器中的特殊接触装置。 本发明显示了上述熔融材料的全新，不可预见的应用范围。 到目前为止，接触器通常使用基于钨和铜的材料，其首先被烧结然后浸入。 现在已经实验表明，铜和铬的熔融材料，特别是在重新成型之后，非常适合作为真空接触器的接触材料。 此外，在所述熔融材料的接触片中，为通过局部合金化，扩散或相关技术精确地插入附加添加剂提供了方法。

公开(公告)号：US4906935A

公开(公告)日：1990-03-06

申请号：US251692

申请日：1988-09-29

申请人： Ruediger Hess ,  Wilfried Kuhl ,  Leonhard Klug ,  Wolfgang Schilling ,  Peter Trentin ,  Heribert Weber ,  Wolfgang Schlenk ,  Heinz-Helmut Schramm

发明人： Ruediger Hess ,  Wilfried Kuhl ,  Leonhard Klug ,  Wolfgang Schilling ,  Peter Trentin ,  Heribert Weber ,  Wolfgang Schlenk ,  Heinz-Helmut Schramm

IPC分类号： H01H33/66 ,  H01H33/668

CPC分类号： H01H33/668

摘要： To check the presence of operating vacuum in vacuum switches, high voltage can be applied between the contacts at a given contact spacing and the dielectric strength can be tested. According to the invention, the procedure for vacuum monitoring is that a contact spacing (h) below the nominal stroke of the vacuum switch is selected and that the X-radiation generated at this contact spacing (h) and high voltage (U) in vacuum due to the field electron emission between the contacts by the contact surfaces acting as anode is acquired and evaluated as proof of the presence of operating vacuum inside the switching tube. This method can preferably be applied to encapsulated vacuum switching tubes, in particular to SF.sub.6 -insulated switching facilities. Associated with the vacuum switching tube (15) in the associated equipment is an X-ray detector, preferably a Geiger-Muller counter, which is connected to the high-voltage unit (25) via an evaluating circuit (30 to 50) which serves for the determination and indication of the operating vacuum and shuts off the high-voltage unit (25) to minimize the X-ray dose. Due to the X-ray emission, which is stopped long before reaching impermissible values, the presence of vacuum can be positively verified.

摘要翻译： 为了检查在真空开关中是否存在操作真空，可以以给定的接触间距在触点之间施加高电压，并且可以测试介电强度。 根据本发明，真空监测的过程是选择低于真空开关的额定行程的接触间距（h），并且在该接触间隔（h）和真空中的高电压（U）下产生的X射线 由于作为阳极的接触表面的触点之间的场电子发射被获取并被评估为开关管内存在操作真空的证明。 该方法可以优选地应用于封装的真空开关管，特别是SF6绝缘开关设备。 与相关设备中的真空开关管（15）相关联的是X射线检测器，优选Geiger-Muller计数器，其通过评估电路（30至50）连接到高压单元（25） 用于确定和指示操作真空并关闭高压单元（25）以最小化X射线剂量。 由于在达到不允许值之前停止的X射线发射，可以肯定地验证真空的存在。

公开(公告)号：US4542266A

公开(公告)日：1985-09-17

申请号：US572725

申请日：1984-01-20

申请人： Heinrich Haessler ,  Wilfried Kuhl

发明人： Heinrich Haessler ,  Wilfried Kuhl

IPC分类号： H01H33/66 ,  H01H1/06 ,  H01H33/664

CPC分类号： H01H33/6646

摘要： Contact arrangement for vacuum switch in which one of two contacts is movable relative to the other in the axial direction of the contacts and is designed as a recessed contact. According to the invention, a condensation plate with a diameter greater than the inside diameter at the rim of the recessed contact is provided between the other contact and its current lead. The sidewall of the recessed contact forms a guide ring for the metal vapor, a substantial part of which condenses on the condensation plate.

摘要翻译： 两个触头中的一个可相对于触头的轴向方向相对移动的真空开关的接触装置，并被设计成凹陷触点。 根据本发明，在另一接触件和其电流引线之间设置直径大于凹形触头边缘内径的冷凝板。 凹形接触件的侧壁形成用于金属蒸气的引导环，其大部分在冷凝板上冷凝。

公开(公告)号：US4672323A

公开(公告)日：1987-06-09

申请号：US676817

申请日：1984-11-30

申请人： Wilfried Kuhl ,  Leonhard Klug ,  Bernd Rost ,  Wolfgang Schilling

发明人： Wilfried Kuhl ,  Leonhard Klug ,  Bernd Rost ,  Wolfgang Schilling

IPC分类号： G01L21/34 ,  H01H33/668 ,  G01L21/30

CPC分类号： H01H33/668

摘要： A device for measuring the internal pressure of an operationally built-in vacuum switch which comprises a vacuum switching tube having a switching chamber and switch contacts as well as an associated drive for the contacts. For the measurement of the pressure, a cold-cathode discharge (so-called Penning effect) having crossed electric and magnetic fields is used, wherein the electric field is applied, for instance, between at least one of the switch contacts and a metallic wall of the switching chamber or a condensation shield disposed in the chamber and permanent magnets are used for generating the magnetic field. The permanent magnets are realized in the form of rods and have pole pieces formed such that the pole pieces encircle the switching chamber. A magnetic field is formed which is applied directly in the longitudinal direction to a circumferential section of the cylindrical switching chamber. In order to measure the pressure inside the vacuum switching tube built into a switching installation, the voltage drop across a resistor disposed in series with a d-c source and the switch is measured. The voltage drop corresponds to the ionization current, which is dependent on the gas pressure in the chamber. The pole pieces of the permanent magnets extend around the switching chamber and fix the magnets around the switching chamber during the measurement. The sensitivity range of the measurement can be influenced by the number of permanent magnets used.

摘要翻译： 一种用于测量操作内置真空开关的内部压力的装置，其包括具有开关室和开关触点的真空开关管以及用于触点的相关联的驱动器。 为了测量压力，使用具有交叉电场和磁场的冷阴极放电（所谓的Penning效应），其中电场施加在例如至少一个开关触点和金属壁之间 的开关室或设置在该室中的冷凝屏蔽件，而永磁体用于产生磁场。 永磁体以棒的形式实现，并且具有形成为使得极片环绕开关室的极片。 形成了沿圆筒形切换室的圆周方向直接施加的磁场。 为了测量内置在开关装置中的真空开关管内的压力，测量与d-c源和开关串联布置的电阻器两端的电压降。 电压降对应于电离电流，这取决于腔室中的气体压力。 永磁体的极片围绕开关室延伸，并且在测量期间将磁体固定在开关室周围。 测量的灵敏度范围可能受到使用永磁体数量的影响。

公开(公告)号：US4614850A

公开(公告)日：1986-09-30

申请号：US676825

申请日：1984-11-30

申请人： Wilfried Kuhl ,  Edwin Gemmel

发明人： Wilfried Kuhl ,  Edwin Gemmel

IPC分类号： H01H33/66 ,  H01H33/662

CPC分类号： H01H33/66261

摘要： A vacuum switch for the low-voltage range, in particular, a low voltage contactor, comprising a vacuum switching tube having a switching chamber and a first contact rigidly arranged therein and a lead-in pin movable relative thereto having a second contact, wherein the vacuum switching tube has an insulating member which is surrounded on the vacuum side at least partially by shielding. The shielding is arranged as a concentric hollow cylinder and the insulating member comprises a ring shaped member, preferably of ceramic. The axial length of the shielding cylinder is at least 1.5 times that of the ring. A vacuum switch having a short insulating path thus can be constructed cost-effectively and which has the capability for a high number of switching cycles.

摘要翻译： 一种用于低电压范围的真空开关，特别是低压接触器，包括具有开关室和刚性地布置在其中的第一接触件的真空开关管和可相对于其具有第二接触件的引入管，其中， 真空开关管具有至少部分通过屏蔽在真空侧被包围的绝缘构件。 屏蔽被布置为同心中空圆柱体，并且绝缘构件包括优选为陶瓷的环形构件。 屏蔽筒的轴向长度至少为环的1.5倍。 因此，具有短绝缘路径的真空开关可以经济有效地构造，并且具有大量开关周期的能力。