摘要:
The present invention is related to optical non-invasive methods and instruments to detect the level of analyte concentrations in the tissue of a subject. The spectra of mid-infrared radiation emitted from a subject's body are altered corresponding to the concentration of various compounds within the radiating tissue. In one aspect of the invention, an instrument measures the level of mid-infrared radiation from the subject's body surface, such as the eye, and determines a specific analyte's concentration based on said analyte's distinctive mid-infrared radiation signature.
摘要:
The present invention is related to optical non-invasive methods and instruments to detect the level of analyte concentrations in the tissue of a subject. The spectra of mid-infrared radiation emitted from a subject's body are altered corresponding to the concentration of various compounds within the radiating tissue. In one aspect of the invention, an instrument floods a body surface of the subject, such as the subject's eye, with radiation in the mid-infrared range and measures analyte concentrations based on mid-infrared radiation reflected back to the instrument.
摘要:
The present invention is related to non-invasive methods and instruments to detect the level of analyte concentrations in the tissue of a subject by measuring electromagnetic radiation signatures from the subject's conjunctiva. The spectra of mid-infrared radiation emitted from a subject's body are altered corresponding to the concentration of various compounds within the radiating tissue. In one aspect of the invention, an instrument floods the conjunctiva of the subject with electromagnetic radiation in the mid-infrared range and measures analyte concentrations based on mid-infrared radiation reflected back to the instrument.
摘要:
The present invention provides a method of using a reflectance-reading device to determine an initiation time point for measuring the chemical reaction of an analyte from a biological liquid sample on a test surface. The initiation time point is determined by using a device to read a reflectance of a test surface at a plurality of time points, and calculating the K/S ratio of the test surface at each time point according to the Kubelka-Munk equation. As the device continues to calculate a K/S ratio for each time point, the device monitors the rate of change of the K/S ratio with respect to time. The device then determines the initiation time point to be when the rate of change of the K/S ratio is maximal. The present invention also provides a method of measuring the concentration of an analyte on a test surface. The concentration is measured by determining an initiation time point according to the method described above and then measuring the concentration of the analyte at a variable end point. The variable end point is essentially determined to be the time at which the rate of change of a concentration parameter is less than a threshold value.
摘要:
Immunoassay method and reagent means for determining theophylline in biological fluids such as serum. The antibody employed in the method is prepared from an immunogen comprising theophylline coupled at its 9-position to an immunogenic carrier material.
摘要:
Title compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydroxy substituted lower alkyl. The compounds have advantageous water solubility and spectral characteristics for use as instrument calibrators for certain homogeneous fluorescent immunoassays.
摘要:
Immunogens for preparing antibodies against the drug lidocaine and related compounds, labeled conjugates, synthetic intermediates, and the use of such antibodies and labeled conjugates in immunoassays for determining lidocaine and such related compounds. The immunogens comprise lidocaine or an analog thereof coupled through one of the aromatic methyl groups to a conventional immunogenic carrier. The antibodies and labeled conjugates are particularly useful in homogeneous nonradioisotopic immunoassays for measuring lidocaine or its analogs in biological fluids such as serum.
摘要:
Intermediates in the preparation of 9-position derivatives of theophylline useful in synthesizing theophylline immunogens and labeled conjugates. The labeled conjugates and the antibodies produced against the immunogens are particularly useful in homogeneous nonradioisotopic immunoassay for measuring theophylline in biological fluids such as serum.
摘要:
A homogeneous specific binding assay method and reagent means for determining a ligand, such as a hapten, antigen or antibody, in, or the ligand binding capacity of, a liquid medium employing a labeled conjugate which upon enzymatic cleavage produces a detectable indicator product. The improvement comprises employing as the label component in the labeled conjugate, a residue having the formula:P--X--M--Rwherein P is a photophore, e.g., a fluorescer, which emits light upon exposure to excitation means, X is an enzymatically cleavable linkage, M is a modulator, e.g., a quencher, for said light emission of the photophore, and R is a linking group to the binding component, e.g., the ligand or analog thereof, in the labeled conjugate. The labeled conjugate and the cleaved indicator product emit substantially different amounts of light upon excitation due to modulation of the emission of photophore P by the proximity of modulator M in the labeled conjugate.
摘要:
Reagents for use in binding assays, particularly immunoassays, to determine valproic acid in liquid media such as serum. Such reagents include antibody to valproic acid and .beta.-galactosyl-umbelliferone-valproic acid conjugates. Also provided are compounds used to prepare such reagents, including valproic acid immunogen conjugates and intermediates in the synthesis of such immunogen conjugates and .beta.-galactosyl-umbelliferone-labeled conjugates.