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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5207838A
公开(公告)日：1993-05-04
申请号：US751912
申请日：1991-08-29
CPC分类号： C11D7/261 , C11D7/5013 , C11D7/5022 , C23G5/024 , C11D7/24 , C11D7/263 , C11D7/32
摘要： A solvent composition for displacing greasy and oily contaminants as well as water and/or aqueous residue from metallic surfaces, especially surfaces of radioactive materials so that such surfaces can be wiped clean of the displaced contaminants, water and/or aqueous residue. The solvent composition consists essentially of a blend of nonpolar aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent having a minimum flash point of about 140.degree. F. and 2 to 25 volume percent of a polar solvent having a flash point sufficiently high so as to provide the solvent composition with a minimum flash point of at least 140.degree. F. The solvent composition is nonhazardous so that when it is used to clean the surfaces of radioactive materials the waste in the form of paper or cloth wipes, lab coats and the like used in the cleaning operation is not considered to be mixed waste composed of a hazardous solvent and a radioactive material.
摘要翻译： 用于从金属表面，特别是放射性材料的表面排出油脂和油性污染物以及水和/或含水残余物的溶剂组合物，使得这些表面可以擦拭被移除的污染物，水和/或含水残余物。 溶剂组合物基本上由具有最低闪点约140°F的非极性脂族烃溶剂和2至25体积％的闪点足够高的极性溶剂的共混物组成，以便使溶剂组合物具有最小值 闪点至少为140°F。溶剂组成是非危险的，因此当用于清洁放射性物质的表面时，清洁操作中使用的纸或布擦拭物，实验室外套等形式的废物不是 被认为是由有害溶剂和放射性物质组成的混合废物。
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2.发明授权Process for removing halogenated aliphatic and aromatic compounds from petroleum products 失效从石油产品中除去卤代脂族和芳族化合物的方法
公开(公告)号：US4405448A
公开(公告)日：1983-09-20
申请号：US364060
申请日：1982-03-31
CPC分类号： C10G21/20 , C10G21/00 , C10G21/006 , C10G21/18 , C10G21/28 , Y10S210/909
摘要： A process for removing halogenated aliphatic and aromatic compounds, e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls, from petroleum products by solvent extraction. The halogenated aliphatic and aromatic compounds are extracted from a petroleum product into a polar solvent by contacting the petroleum product with the polar solvent. The polar solvent is characterized by a high solubility for the extracted halogenated aliphatic and aromatic compounds, a low solubility for the petroleum product and considerable solvent power for polyhydroxy compound. The preferred polar solvent is dimethylformamide. A miscible compound, such as, water or a polyhydroxy compound, is added to the polar extraction solvent to increase the polarity of the polar extraction solvent. The halogenated aliphatic and aromatic compounds are extracted from the highly-polarized mixture of water or polyhydroxy compound and polar extraction solvent into a low polar or nonpolar solvent by contacting the water or polyhydroxy compound-polar solvent mixture with the low polar or nonpolar solvent. The halogenated aliphatic and aromatic compounds and the low polar or nonpolar solvent are separated by physical means, e.g., vacuum evaporation. The polar and nonpolar solvents are recovered from recycling. The process can easily be designed for continuous operation. Advantages of the process include that the polar solvent and a major portion of the nonpolar solvent can be recycled, the petroleum products are reclaimable and the cost for disposing of waste containing polychlorinated biphenyls is significantly reduced.
摘要翻译： 通过溶剂萃取从石油产品中除去卤代脂族和芳族化合物，例如多氯联苯的方法。 通过使石油产品与极性溶剂接触，将卤代脂族和芳族化合物从石油产品中提取到极性溶剂中。 极性溶剂的特征在于对于提取的卤代脂族和芳族化合物的溶解度高，对石油产品的溶解度低，对于多羟基化合物具有相当大的溶剂能力。 优选的极性溶剂是二甲基甲酰胺。 向极性萃取溶剂中加入混合物如水或多羟基化合物，以提高极性萃取溶剂的极性。 通过使水或多羟基化合物 - 极性溶剂混合物与低极性或非极性溶剂接触，将卤代脂族和芳族化合物从水或多羟基化合物和极性提取溶剂的高极化混合物中提取到低极性或非极性溶剂中。 卤化脂族和芳族化合物和低极性或非极性溶剂通过物理方法分离，例如真空蒸发。 从回收中回收极性和非极性溶剂。 该过程可以容易地设计用于连续操作。 该方法的优点包括极性溶剂和非极性溶剂的主要部分可以回收，石油产品可回收，并且处理含有多氯联苯的废物的成本显着降低。
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公开(公告)号：US4448701A
公开(公告)日：1984-05-15
申请号：US343608
申请日：1982-01-28
IPC分类号： C10M173/02 , C10M3/04
CPC分类号： C10M173/02 , C10M2201/02 , C10M2201/087 , C10M2201/10 , C10M2201/102 , C10M2201/105 , C10M2207/022 , C10M2207/023 , C10N2240/401 , C10N2250/02
摘要： The present invention is directed to a cutting fluid for machining fissionable material. The cutting fluid is formed of glycol, water and boron compound in an adequate concentration for effective neutron attenuation so as to inhibit criticality incidents during machining.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于加工可裂变材料的切削液。 切削液由适当浓度的乙二醇，水和硼化合物形成，用于有效的中子衰减，以抑制加工过程中的临界事件。
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公开(公告)号：US4445908A
公开(公告)日：1984-05-01
申请号：US326775
申请日：1981-12-02
摘要： Hydrocarbon and surfactants are contacted with a solution of alcohol and water to extract the alcohol into the hydrocarbon-surfactant mixture.
摘要翻译： 烃和表面活性剂与醇和水的溶液接触以将醇提取到烃 - 表面活性剂混合物中。
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公开(公告)号：US4614592A
公开(公告)日：1986-09-30
申请号：US707775
申请日：1985-03-04
CPC分类号： B01J41/04 , C02F1/281 , Y10S210/914
摘要： A process for removing mercury from water to a level not greater than two parts per billion wherein an anion exchange material that is insoluble in water is contacted first with a sulfide containing compound and second with a compound containing a bivalent metal ion forming an insoluble metal sulfide. To this treated exchange material is contacted water containing mercury. The water containing not more than two parts per billion of mercury is separated from the exchange material.
摘要翻译： 从水中除去汞至不超过十亿分之二的水平的方法，其中不溶于水的阴离子交换材料首先与含硫化物化合物接触，其次与含有形成不溶性金属硫化物的二价金属离子的化合物接触 。 对该处理过的交换材料进行接触的含水汞。 含有不超过十分之二十亿汞的水与交换材料分离。
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公开(公告)号：US4048980A
公开(公告)日：1977-09-20
申请号：US664859
申请日：1976-03-08
CPC分类号： F24J2/485 , Y02E10/40 , Y10S126/907
摘要： Solar energy absorbing means in solar collectors are provided by a solar selective carbon surface. A solar selective carbon surface is a microporous carbon surface having pores within the range of 0.2 to 2 micrometers. Such a surface is provided in a microporous carbon article by controlling the pore size. A thermally conductive substrate is provided with a solar selective surface by adhering an array of carbon particles in a suitable binder to the substrate, a majority of said particles having diameters within the range of about 0.2-10 microns.
摘要翻译： 太阳能集热器中的太阳能吸收装置由太阳能选择性碳表面提供。 太阳能选择性碳表面是具有在0.2至2微米范围内的孔的微孔碳表面。 这种表面通过控制孔径而设置在微孔碳制品中。 通过将合适的粘合剂中的碳颗粒阵列粘附到基底上而将导热基底设置有太阳能选择表面，大部分所述颗粒的直径在约0.2-10微米的范围内。
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