摘要:
Disclosed are processes for the isomerization of epoxyalkenes to dihydrofurans by contacting an epoxyalkene with a catalyst comprising a quaternary organic onium iodide compounds, optionally deposited on a non-acidic support and/or in combination with a Lewis acid co-catalyst. The catalyst may comprise a supported catalyst, an unsupported catalyst or a solution of the catalytically-active components in an inert, organic solvent.
摘要:
Disclosed is a continuous process for the manufacture of 2,5-dihydrofurans by the isomerization of .gamma.,.delta.-epoxyalkenes in the liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst system comprising an onium iodide compound and a Lewis acid and a process solvent comprising a mixture of the 2,5-dihydrofuran product of the process and an oligomer of the .gamma.,.delta.-epoxyalkenes reactant.
摘要:
Disclosed is a process for the recovery of catalyst values from mixtures of catalyst compounds and oligomeric materials. The process provides for the separation of (i) an onium iodide compound, (ii) an organotin iodide compound, or (iii) a mixture thereof from a mixture thereof in an oligomer of a .gamma.,.delta.-epoxy-alkene by the steps of (1) intimately contacting the mixture with an extraction solvent selected from hydrocarbons having about 5 to 12 carbon atoms; (2) allowing the mixture of step (1) to separate into 2 phases; and (3) recovering the extraction solvent phase containing iodide compounds (i) and (ii). The oligomer mixture of compounds (i) and/or (ii) is formed during the manufacture of 2,5-dihydrofurans by the isomerization of .gamma.,.delta.-epoxyalkenes.
摘要:
Polyether polymers obtained by the reaction or polymerization of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene in the presence of an onium iodide compound such as an ammonium or phosphonium iodide, an organotin compound such as a trihydrocarbyltin iodide, and a nucleophilic hydroxyl initiator compound. The polyether polymers comprise n units of residue (1) and m units of residue (2), wherein the total value of n+m is 2 to 70, m/(n+m) is greater than 0.75 and up to 0.98, and residues (1) and (2) have the structures: ##STR1##
摘要:
Disclosed are novel polyether compounds obtained by the reaction or polymerization of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene in the presence of an onium iodide compound such as an ammonium or phosphonium iodide, an organotin compound such as a trihydrocarbyltin iodide, and a nucleophilic initiator compound. The polyether compounds comprise n units of residue (1) and m units of residue (2), wherein the total value of n+m is 2 to 70, m/(n+m) is greater than 0.75 and up to 0.98, and residues (1) and (2) have the structures: ##STR1##
摘要:
A photographic element comprises at least one silver halide emulsion layer in which the silver halide is sensitized with a compound of formulaZ-(L-XY).sub.kwherein:Z is a light absorbing group;L is a linking group containing a least one C, N, S, or O atom; andk is 1 or 2; andXY represents a fragmentable electron donor moiety wherein:1) XY has a an oxidation potential between 0 and about 1.4 V;2) X is an electron donor group;3) Y is a leaving group other than hydrogen; and4) the oxidized form of XY undergoes a bond cleavage reaction to give the radical X.sup..cndot. and the leaving fragment Y.In a preferred embodiment the radical X.sup..cndot. has an oxidation potential of .ltoreq.-0.7 V.
摘要:
Disclosed is a process comprising reacting a primary alcohol sulfone with a reducing agent and a halogenating agent in the presence of an amide compound present in an amount of less than 1 part amide per part of primary alcohol sulfone to form a vinylsulfone.
摘要:
This invention comprises a photographic element comprising a support and at least one silver halide emulsion layer in which the silver halide is sensitized with a compound of the formula:Q-XYwherein Q represents the atoms necessary to form a chromophore comprising an amidinium-ion, a carboxyl-ion or dipolar-amidic chromophoric system when conjugated with XY, and XY is a fragmentable electron donor moiety in which X is an electron donor group and Y is a leaving group other than hydrogen, and wherein:1) XY has an oxidation potential between 0 and about 1.4 V;2) the oxidized form of XY undergoes a bond cleavage reaction to give the radical X.sup..cndot. and the leaving fragment Y.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the radical X.cndot. has an oxidation potential
摘要:
A photographic element comprising at least one silver halide emulsion layer in which the silver halide is sensitized with a compound of the formula: wherein A is a silver halide adsorptive group that contains at least one atom of N, S, Se, or Te that promotes adsorption to silver halide, and Z is a light absorbing group including for example cyanine dyes, complex cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes, complex merocyanine dyes, homopolar cyanine dyes, styryl dyes, oxonol dyes, hemioxonol dyes, and hemicyanine dyes, and XY is an fragmentable electron donor moiety in which X is an electron donor group and Y is a leaving group other than hydrogen, and wherein: 1) XY has an oxidation potential between 0 and about 1.4 V; and 2) the oxidized form of XY undergoes a bond cleavage reaction to give the radical X• and the leaving fragment Y. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the radical X• has an oxidation potential ≦−0.7 V.
摘要:
A photographic element comprises a support and at least one silver halide emulsion layer in which the silver halide is sensitized with a fragmentable electron donor of the formula X--Y, wherein X is an electron donor moiety and Y is a leaving group other than hydrogen, and wherein: 1) X--Y has an oxidation potential between 0 and about 1.4 V; and 2) the oxidized form of X--Y undergoes a bond cleavage reaction to give the radical X.sup..cndot. and the leaving fragment Y. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the radical X.sup..cndot. has an oxidation potential .ltoreq.-0.7V.