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公开(公告)号：US4088735A
公开(公告)日：1978-05-09
申请号：US764316
申请日：1977-01-31
CPC分类号： C10K1/06 , B01D53/14 , B01D53/1406 , B01D53/1456 , B01D53/1487 , C10K1/16
摘要： A process for purifying gases produced by the gasification of fossil fuels by a treatment with water vapor and oxygen under superatmospheric pressure. The raw gas produced is treated to remove catalyst-deteriorating impurities such as mono- and polyunsaturated hydrocarbons, mercaptans, HCN, HCl, H.sub.2 S, CS.sub.2, COS, and NH.sub.3, and to desulfurize the gas to produce an exhaust gas which is rich in H.sub.2 S. The gas is cooled and scrubbed under superatmospheric pressures and at normal temperatures. The raw gas, at a temperature of 150.degree.-170.degree. C., is indirectly cooled to ambient temperature. The condensible hydrocarbons are then separated and removed, and the gas is then scrubbed with water to remove ammonia in a first scrubbing stage wherein the rate of water addition is controlled to be just sufficient to remove the ammonia. The gas is then scrubbed with a high-boiling organic solvent which is miscible with water and to which sulfur has been added in a second scrubbing stage in which the rate of solvent addition is controlled in dependence on the solubility of the methyl mercaptan, which is to be removed, in the solvent. The gas is scrubbed with the same solvent in a third scrubbing stage in which the water content of the solvent is kept at 5-30 mol percent H.sub.2 O in which H.sub.2 S and COS are entirely and selectively removed from the gas. Lastly, the scrubbing agents from the second and third scrubbing stages are separately regenerated and recycled to the second and the third scrubbing stages for re-use.
摘要翻译： 通过在超大气压下用水蒸汽和氧气处理来净化化石燃料气化产生的气体的方法。 处理生成的原料气体以除去催化剂恶化的杂质如单不饱和烃，硫醇，HCN，HCl，H 2 S，CS 2，COS和NH 3，并将气体脱硫以产生富H2S的废气 。 在超大气压和常温下将气体冷却和洗涤。 将原料气体在150-170℃的温度间接冷却至环境温度。 然后将可冷凝烃分离并除去，然后在第一次洗涤阶段用水洗涤气体以除去氨，其中加水速率恰好足以除去氨。 然后用高沸点有机溶剂洗涤气体，该高沸点有机溶剂与水混溶，并且在第二洗涤阶段加入了硫，其中根据甲硫醇的溶解度来控制溶剂添加速率， 在溶剂中除去。 在第三个洗涤阶段用相同的溶剂洗涤气体，其中溶剂的水含量保持在5-30mol％H 2 O，其中H 2 S和COS完全从气体中选择性地除去。 最后，来自第二和第三洗涤阶段的洗涤剂分别再生并再循环到第二和第三洗涤阶段以供再利用。
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2.发明授权Process of purifying gases produced by the gasification of solid or liquid fossil fuels 失效通过固体或液体燃料燃料生产的净化气体的过程
公开(公告)号：US4011066A
公开(公告)日：1977-03-08
申请号：US593915
申请日：1975-07-07
CPC分类号： C10K1/08
摘要： A process of purifying gases produced by a gasification of fossil fuels wherein the gas is cooled and scrubbed under superatmospheric pressures at normal temperatures while the raw gas, at a temperature of 150.degree.-170.degree. C, is indirectly cooled to ambient temperatures, the condensible hydrocarbons are separated and removed, the gas is scrubbed with water to remove ammonia in a first scrubbing stage in which the rate of water addition is controlled to be just sufficient to remove the ammonia, the gas is then scrubbed with a high-boiling organic solvent which is miscible with water and to which sulfur is added, the gas is subsequently scrubbed with the same solvent in a third scrubbing stage in which the water content of the solvent is kept at 5-30 mole percent H.sub.2 O and in which H.sub.2 S and COS are entirely removed from the gas, and the scrubbing agents from the second and third scrubbing stages are separately regenerated and recycled to the second and third scrubbing stages.The scrubbing agent used in the second scrubbing stage is flashed approximately to atmospheric pressures, adding water, heating the scrubbing agent to the boiling temperature but not in excess of 170.degree. C, treating the scrubbing agent in a stripping column with water vapor or stripping gas to remove liquid impurities, condensing the mixed vapors, isolating the condensates by phase separation, and feeding part of the aqueous phase as a reflux to the upper portion of the stripping column while the stripped scrubbing agent is cooled and is fed back to the top of the second scrubbing stage.
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3.发明授权Process of removing H.sub.2 S, CO.sub.2, COS and mercaptans from gases by absorption 失效通过吸收从气体中除去H 2 S，CO 2，COS和硫醇的方法
公开(公告)号：US4368059A
公开(公告)日：1983-01-11
申请号：US220345
申请日：1980-12-29
CPC分类号： B01D53/1493 , B01D53/526 , Y02C10/06
摘要： The process of removing H.sub.2 S, CO.sub.2, COS and mercaptans from gases by absorption in an absorbent solution, which is circulated between the absorbing zone and a regenerating zone and which contains at least one organic base dissolved in methanol, has been improved. In accordance with the invention, the absorbent solution contains one or more secondary or tertiary amines general formula R.sub.1 --NH--R.sub.2 or (R.sub.1).sub.2 --N--CH.sub.2 --N--(R.sub.2).sub.2, wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 means CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.3 --CH--CH.sub.3 in a total amount of at least 0.5 to 5.0 moles per liter, and the amine has or the amines have a boiling point between 40.degree. and 110.degree. C. at 1 bar. This improvement permits a selective removal of H.sub.2 S from CO.sub.2 -containing gases.
摘要翻译： 已经改进了在吸收区和再生区之间循环并且含有至少一个溶解在甲醇中的有机碱的吸收剂溶液中通过吸收从气体中除去H 2 S，CO 2，COS和硫醇的方法。 根据本发明，吸收剂溶液含有一种或多种通式为R1-NH-R2或（R1）2-N-CH2-N-（R2）2的仲胺或叔胺，其中R1和R2表示CH2-或 - CH 2 -CH 3或CH 3 -CH-CH 3，其总量为至少0.5-5.0摩尔/升，胺具有或胺在1巴下具有40-110℃的沸点。 这种改进允许从含CO 2的气体中选择性地除去H 2 S。
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公开(公告)号：US4318716A
公开(公告)日：1982-03-09
申请号：US170414
申请日：1980-07-21
摘要： An improvement in a process of regenerating a hydrocarbon laden water miscible high boiling organic solvent obtained by scrubbing a hydrocarbon-containing gas with said water miscible high boiling organic solvent at normal temperature and super atmospheric pressure, wherein the laden solvent is regenerated by flashing, heating and/or stripping, cooled and recycled to the scrubbing step, the improvement comprising:A. adding liquid hydrocarbons to at least a part of said regenerated solvent and thereafter extracting the resultant mixture in the presence of water whereby to obtain a hydrocarbon rich phase and an aqueous phase containing said solvent;B. separating said aqueous phase from said hydrocarbon rich phase and recycling said aqueous phase to the regeneration step; andC. withdrawing said hydrocarbon rich phase.
摘要翻译： 在常温和超大气压下通过用所述水混溶性高沸点有机溶剂洗涤含烃气体而获得的含烃载水混溶性高沸点有机溶剂的再生方法的改进，其中通过闪蒸，加热再生含负载溶剂 和/或汽提，冷却和再循环到洗涤步骤，改进包括：A.将液体烃加入到所述再生溶剂的至少一部分中，然后在水存在下萃取所得混合物，从而得到富含烃的相和 含有所述溶剂的水相; B.将所述水相与所述富碳相分离并将所述水相再循环到再生步骤; 和C.撤回所述富碳相。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4532116A
公开(公告)日：1985-07-30
申请号：US549347
申请日：1983-11-04
CPC分类号： B01D53/14 , B01D53/1493
摘要： The gas which contains sulfur compounds consisting of H.sub.2 S and/or COS is scrubbed with an absorbent solution which contains at least one amine. The gas to be desulfurized which enters the scrubbing zone is at a temperature in the range of 25.degree. to 100.degree. C. and rises in the scrubbing zone in a countercurrent to the scrubbing solution. The gas leaving the absorbent solution is indirectly cooled to a temperature which is at least 20.degree. C. below the entrance temperature of the gas and is not below 5.degree. C. The indirect cooling results in a condensate, which contains at least one secondary amine. That condensate is passed through the scrubbing zone as an absorbent solution. The condensate leaving the scrubbing zone contains at least 10 moles secondary amine and preferably at least 100 moles secondary amine per mole H.sub.2 S and COS in the gas to be desulfurized. The gas to be desulfurized suitably contains secondary amine used in the absorbent solution as well as an organic solvent, such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol.
摘要翻译： 含有由H 2 S和/或COS组成的硫化合物的气体用含有至少一种胺的吸收剂溶液洗涤。 进入洗涤区的要脱硫的气体的温度在25℃至100℃的范围内，并且与洗涤溶液相反地在洗涤区中升高。 离开吸收剂溶液的气体被间接冷却至比气体入口温度低至少20℃的温度，不低于5℃。间接冷却导致冷凝物含有至少一个仲胺 。 该冷凝物作为吸收剂溶液通过洗涤区。 离开洗涤区的冷凝物含有至少10摩尔仲胺，优选至少100摩尔仲胺，每摩尔H2S和待脱硫气体中的COS。 要脱硫的气体适当地含有用于吸收剂溶液中的仲胺以及有机溶剂，例如甲醇，乙醇或异丙醇。
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公开(公告)号：US4504449A
公开(公告)日：1985-03-12
申请号：US503487
申请日：1983-06-13
CPC分类号： B01D53/1425 , B01D53/1456 , C01B3/52 , C10K1/143 , C01B2203/0415 , C01B2203/0475
摘要： In a process of regenerating laden absorbent solutions used to desulfurize gases which contain H.sub.2 S and CO.sub.2 and possibly COS, which solutions contain at least one highly volatile secondary amine in an organic solvent, the laden absorbent solution is flashed and stripped with its own vapor. The overhead vapors from the regenerator, which consists of an indirectly heated plate column, are cooled to approximately ambient temperature. The resulting condensate is separated and fed to the top of the regenerator. The cooled gas is withdrawn. A partial stream of the vapor is withdrawn from the regenerator 1 to 10 plates below the outlet for the overhead vapors and the inlet for the condensate and is cooled to ambient temperature. The resulting condensate is fed to the regenerator 1 to 10 plates above the inlet for the absorbent solution. The remaining gas is fed to a re-absorber, in which it is scrubbed in a counter-current operation with at least one partial stream of the absorbent solution, preferably with the effluent from the desulfurization COS. The exhaust gas is withdrawn from the top of the re-absorber. The absorbent solution drained from the re-absorber is fed to the upper portion of the regenerator. The regenerated absorbent solution is withdrawn and used to desulfurize gases which contain H.sub.2 S and CO.sub.2 and possibly COS.
摘要翻译： 在用于对含有H 2 S和CO 2以及可能的COS的气体进行脱硫的负载吸收剂溶液的再生过程中，该溶液在有机溶剂中含有至少一种高挥发性的仲胺，所载的吸收剂溶液被自身蒸发闪蒸并汽提。 来自再生器的塔顶蒸气由间接加热的塔板组成，被冷却到大约环境温度。 所得的冷凝物被分离并进料到再生器的顶部。 冷却的气体被取出。 将蒸汽的一部分流从再生器1排出到出口下面的10个板塔顶蒸气和冷凝物的入口，并冷却至环境温度。 所得的冷凝物被供给到再生器1至10个用于吸收剂溶液的入口上方的板。 将剩余的气体进料到再吸收器中，其中以与吸收剂溶液的至少一个部分流（其优选与来自脱硫COS的流出物）逆流操作进行洗涤，排气从顶部排出 的吸收器。 从再吸收器排出的吸收剂溶液被供给到再生器的上部。 将再生的吸收剂溶液取出并用于对含有H 2 S和CO 2以及可能的COS的气体进行脱硫。
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7.发明授权Process for removing hydrogen sulfide from exhaust gas and for producing sulfur by the Claus process 失效从废气中除去硫化氢并通过克劳斯法生产硫的方法
公开(公告)号：US4632819A
公开(公告)日：1986-12-30
申请号：US726594
申请日：1985-04-23
申请人： Herbert Fischer , Manfred Kriebel
发明人： Herbert Fischer , Manfred Kriebel
CPC分类号： B01D53/8612 , B01D53/52 , C01B17/0404 , C01B17/0413
摘要： The feed gas is partially burnt with oxygen-containing gas in a thermal Claus process plant, in which temperatures in the range of 850.degree. to 1350.degree. C. is maintained. Product gas which has been produced is passed through a catalytic Claus process plant (Claus catalysis plant), from which sulfur is withdrawn. The exhaust gas from the Claus catalysis plant is supplied to a desulfurizing plant. The sulfur compounds in the exhaust gas of the desulfurizing plant are converted to SO.sub.2 in a thermal aftertreating unit. When the rate of the H.sub.2 S-containing feed gas is below a limit, which is between 20 to 35% of the total rate of feed gas permissible for the thermal Claus process plant, then recycled exhaust gas from the desulfurizing plant (recycle gas) is admixed to the feed gas at such a rate that the rate of the mixed feed and recycle gases exceeds that limit. The recycle gas is suitably heated to 200.degree. to 400.degree. C. before it is mixed with the feed gas.
摘要翻译： 在克劳斯工艺装置中，含氧气体部分燃烧进料气体，其中维持在850℃至1350℃范围内的温度。 已经生产的产物气体通过催化Claus工艺装置（Claus催化装置），从中抽出硫。 将来自Claus催化装置的废气供应给脱硫装置。 脱硫装置废气中的硫化合物在热处理装置中转化为SO2。 当含H2S的进料气体的速率低于热克劳斯工厂所允许的总进料气体总量的20％至35％之间的限度时，来自脱硫设备的再循环废气（再循环气体）为 以使得混合进料和再循环气体的速率超过该限度的速率与进料气体混合。 再循环气体在与进料气体混合之前适当地加热到200-400℃。
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8.发明授权Process of decreasing the sulfur content of exhaust gases obtained during the recovery of sulfur 失效在硫回收过程中获得的废气中硫含量降低的过程
公开(公告)号：US4405593A
公开(公告)日：1983-09-20
申请号：US302885
申请日：1981-09-16
CPC分类号： B01D53/52 , C01B17/0404 , C01B17/0452 , C01B17/0456
摘要： In a process of decreasing the sulfur content of exhaust gases obtained during the recovery of sulfur from acid gases containing H.sub.2 S and other S-containing compounds in the Claus process, the acid gases which contain H.sub.2 S and other S-containing compounds are reacted in a Claus plant to form elemental sulfur. A gas which contains H.sub.2 S or SO.sub.2 is subsequently added at a controlled rate to maintain a stoichiometric ratio of 2:1 of H.sub.2 S to SO.sub.2 in the tail gas from the Claus plant. The gas which contains H.sub.2 S or SO.sub.2 may be added to the tail gas from the Claus plant or before the last contacting stage of a multistage Claus plant. During the addition of a gas which contains H.sub.2 S, the Claus plant can be operated at an H.sub.2 S to SO.sub.2 ratio of or below 2:1. During the addition of a gas which contains SO.sub.2 the Claus plant can be operated at an H.sub.2 S to SO.sub.2 ratio of or above 2:1. The H.sub.2 S and SO.sub.2 contained in the tail gas are chemically reacted to form elementary sulfur in a tail gas-desulfurizing plant and the sulfur is withdrawn.
摘要翻译： 在克劳斯工艺中，在从含有H 2 S和其它含S化合物的酸性气体中回收硫期间获得的废气硫含量降低的过程中，含有H 2 S和其它含S化合物的酸性气体在克劳斯 植物形成元素硫。 随后以受控的速率加入含有H 2 S或SO 2的气体，以保持来自克劳斯工厂的尾气中H2S与SO2的化学计量比为2:1。 含有H 2 S或SO 2的气体可以从克劳斯植物的尾气加入到多级克劳斯植物的最后接触阶段之前。 在加入含有H 2 S的气体期间，Claus装置可以以等于或低于2:1的H 2 S至SO 2比来操作。 在加入含有SO 2的气体时，克劳斯植物可以以等于或大于2:1的H 2 S至SO 2比率操作。 尾气中所含的H2S和SO2在尾气脱硫装置中进行化学反应形成元素硫，并将硫取出。
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公开(公告)号：US4515604A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-07
申请号：US488472
申请日：1983-04-25
CPC分类号： F25J3/0271 , C01B3/50 , C10J3/16 , C10J3/20 , C10J3/78 , C10K1/165 , C10K1/32 , C10K3/00 , F25J3/0223 , F25J3/0233 , C01B2203/0475 , C01B2203/0485 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0956 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/0976 , C10J2300/1665 , C10J2300/1846 , C10J2300/1884 , C10J2300/1892 , F25J2200/70 , F25J2205/04 , F25J2270/04 , Y02C10/12
摘要： In a process of producing a synthesis gas which has a low inert gas content and is intended for the synthesis of alcohols, particularly of methanol, and of hydrocarbons, and which is produced from coal or heavy hydrocarbons, by a gasification under pressure with oxygen and steam, whereafter the raw gas is cooled, the impurities are removed by a scrubbing with methanol, and the methanol is removed by means of molecular sieves from the cold pure gas. The pure gas is then cooled further and partly liquefied, the remaining gas is further cooled by a pressure relief and methane is distilled from the liquid part with simultaneous recovery of the synthesis gas, which consists of hydrogen and carbon monoxide and has a low methane content. All or part of the methane is compressed and is subsequently reacted with steam and oxygen to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The produced gas is admixed to the synthesis gas or to the partly purified raw gas.
摘要翻译： 在制造具有低惰性气体含量并用于合成醇，特别是甲醇和烃的合成气的合成气的过程中，由煤或重质烃生产的合成气通过在氧气下进行气化， 蒸汽，然后将原料气体冷却，通过用甲醇洗涤除去杂质，并通过来自冷纯气体的分子筛除去甲醇。 然后将纯气体进一步冷却并部分液化，剩余气体通过压力释放进一步冷却，并从液体部分蒸馏出甲烷，同时回收由氢气和一氧化碳组成的合成气，并且甲烷含量低 。 全部或部分甲烷被压缩，随后与蒸汽和氧气反应以产生一氧化碳和氢气。 将生成的气体与合成气或部分纯化的原料气体混合。
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10.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4325782A
公开(公告)日：1982-04-20
申请号：US201861
申请日：1980-10-29
申请人： Gerhard Grunewald , Manfred Kriebel
发明人： Gerhard Grunewald , Manfred Kriebel
CPC分类号： C10K1/16 , B01D53/14 , B01D53/1425 , C01B3/52 , C10K1/08 , C01B2203/0415 , C01B2203/0465 , C01B2203/0475 , C01B2203/0485 , Y10S159/10 , Y10S62/909
摘要： An apparatus for the regenerating of absorbent is disclosed wherein the apparatus comprises a regenerating column provided with mass transfer-promoting elements. The regenerating column comprises an upper regenerating zone which can be shut down and is provided with at least one shutoff valve-controlled inlet for laden absorbent and a lower second regenerating zone provided with a second shutoff valve-controlled inlet for the same laden absorbent, the volume ratio of the second regenerating zone to the upper regenerating zone being at least about 1.5:1. A process for regenerating laden absorbent is also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于再生吸收剂的装置，其中所述装置包括具有传质促进元件的再生塔。 再生塔包括可以关闭的上部再生区，并且设置有用于负载吸收剂的至少一个截止阀控制入口和具有用于相同负载吸收剂的第二截止阀控制入口的下部第二再生区， 第二再生区与上再生区的体积比为至少约1.5:1。 还公开了一种用于再生负载吸收剂的方法。
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