公开(公告)号：US08154311B2

公开(公告)日：2012-04-10

申请号：US11826795

申请日：2007-07-18

申请人： Kaveh Niayesh ,  Matthias Berth ,  Andreas Dahlquist ,  Christoph Heitz ,  Martin Tiberg

发明人： Kaveh Niayesh ,  Matthias Berth ,  Andreas Dahlquist ,  Christoph Heitz ,  Martin Tiberg

IPC分类号： G01R27/08

CPC分类号： G01R27/28

摘要： A method and device for determining the linear response of an electrical multi-port component has an “estimation procedure” in which an estimated admittance matrix is determined by applying voltages to the ports of the component and measuring the response of the component. The estimation procedure can e.g. consist of a conventional measurement of the admittance matrix. The method further has a “measurement procedure” in which several voltage patterns are applied to the port. The voltage patterns correspond to the eigenvectors of the estimated admittance matrix. For each applied voltage pattern, the response of the component is measured. This allows to measure the linear response of the component accurately even if the eigenvalues of the admittance matrix differ by several orders of magnitude.

摘要翻译： 用于确定电多端口部件的线性响应的方法和装置具有“估计过程”，其中通过向组件的端口施加电压并测量组件的响应来确定估计导纳矩阵。 估计过程可以例如。 由导纳矩阵的常规测量组成。 该方法还具有其中几个电压模式被应用到端口的“测量程序”。 电压模式对应于估计导纳矩阵的特征向量。 对于每个施加的电压模式，测量组件的响应。 这允许准确地测量分量的线性响应，即使导纳矩阵的特征值差几个数量级。

公开(公告)号：US20070285109A1

公开(公告)日：2007-12-13

申请号：US11826795

申请日：2007-07-18

申请人： Kaveh Niayesh ,  Matthias Berth ,  Andreas Dahlquist ,  Christoph Heitz ,  Martin Tiberg

发明人： Kaveh Niayesh ,  Matthias Berth ,  Andreas Dahlquist ,  Christoph Heitz ,  Martin Tiberg

IPC分类号： G01R27/28

CPC分类号： G01R27/28

摘要： A method and device for determining the linear response of an electrical multi-port component has an “estimation procedure” in which an estimated admittance matrix is determined by applying voltages to the ports of the component and measuring the response of the component. The estimation procedure can e.g. consist of a conventional measurement of the admittance matrix. The method further has a “measurement procedure” in which several voltage patterns are applied to the port. The voltage patterns correspond to the eigenvectors of the estimated admittance matrix. For each applied voltage pattern, the response of the component is measured. This allows to measure the linear response of the component accurately even if the .eigenvalues of the admittance matrix differ by several orders of magnitude.

摘要翻译： 用于确定电多端口部件的线性响应的方法和装置具有“估计过程”，其中通过向组件的端口施加电压并测量组件的响应来确定估计导纳矩阵。 估计过程可以例如。 由导纳矩阵的常规测量组成。 该方法还具有其中几个电压模式被应用到端口的“测量程序”。 电压模式对应于估计导纳矩阵的特征向量。 对于每个施加的电压模式，测量组件的响应。 这允许即使导纳矩阵的特征值差几个数量级，也可准确地测量分量的线性响应。

公开(公告)号：US07151331B2

公开(公告)日：2006-12-19

申请号：US11328160

申请日：2006-01-10

申请人： Kaveh Niayesh ,  Friedrich Koenig ,  Andreas Dahlquist

发明人： Kaveh Niayesh ,  Friedrich Koenig ,  Andreas Dahlquist

IPC分类号： H01H3/00

CPC分类号： H01H29/28 ,  H01H33/162 ,  H01H71/127 ,  Y10T307/937

摘要： A process and a device are disclosed for current limiting and/or circuit breaking and a switchgear assembly with such a device. As claimed in the invention a liquid metal is moved by a dielectric fluid drive with a control between a first current path for the rated current (I1), a second current path for current limiting (I2) and optionally a third current path for current interruption (i=0), the working fluid acting mechanically with a definable drive pressure (p1, p2) directly on one surface of the liquid metal. Embodiments are, among others, the following: insulating gas or insulating liquid as the drive fluid; pressure drive with pressure vessels and valves or a piezodrive for the working fluid; and design criteria for the liquid metal arrangement, drive pressure (p1, p2) and piezodrive. Advantages are, among others, the following: reversible current limiting and current interruption, also suited for high voltages and current, fast reaction times, low wear and maintenance-friendly.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于电流限制和/或断路的过程和装置以及具有这种装置的开关装置。 如本发明所要求的，液体金属通过介电流体驱动器移动，其中控制在用于额定电流（I SUB> 1）的第一电流路径之间，用于限流的第二电流路径（I _{1，p < SUB>）直接在液态金属的一个表面上。 实施例尤其如下：绝缘气体或绝缘液体作为驱动流体; 压力容器和阀门的压力驱动或工作流体的压力驱动; 以及用于液体金属布置，驱动压力（p <1> 1，p 2> 2）和压电驱动的设计标准。 其优点包括：可逆电流限制和电流中断，也适用于高电压和电流，快速反应时间，低磨损和维护方便。}

公开(公告)号：US20060146466A1

公开(公告)日：2006-07-06

申请号：US11328160

申请日：2006-01-10

申请人： Kaveh Niayesh ,  Friedrich Konig ,  Andreas Dahlquist

发明人： Kaveh Niayesh ,  Friedrich Konig ,  Andreas Dahlquist

IPC分类号： H02H3/08

CPC分类号： H01H29/28 ,  H01H33/162 ,  H01H71/127 ,  Y10T307/937

摘要： A process and a device are disclosed for current limiting and/or circuit breaking and a switchgear assembly with such a device. As claimed in the invention a liquid metal is moved by a dielectric fluid drive with a control between a first current path for the rated current (I1), a second current path for current limiting (I2) and optionally a third current path for current interruption (i=0), the working fluid acting mechanically with a definable drive pressure (p1, p2) directly on one surface of the liquid metal. Embodiments are, among others, the following: insulating gas or insulating liquid as the drive fluid; pressure drive with pressure vessels and valves or a piezodrive for the working fluid; and design criteria for the liquid metal arrangement, drive pressure (p1, p2) and piezodrive. Advantages are, among others, the following: reversible current limiting and current interruption, also suited for high voltages and current, fast reaction times, low wear and maintenance-friendly.

公开(公告)号：US07906742B2

公开(公告)日：2011-03-15

申请号：US11631576

申请日：2005-06-22

申请人： Alexander Steffens ,  Dietmar Gentsch ,  Kaveh Niayesh

发明人： Alexander Steffens ,  Dietmar Gentsch ,  Kaveh Niayesh

IPC分类号： H01H33/66

CPC分类号： H01H33/6642 ,  H01H33/12 ,  H01H33/6643

摘要： The invention relates to a contact arrangement for a vacuum interrupter chamber (1), which comprises a pair of inner contact pieces (11, 12), configured as RMF contact pieces, and a pair of outer contact pieces (21, 22) which are connected in parallel and are mounted closely adjacent to the inner contact pieces (11, 12). At least one of the inner contact pieces (11, 12) is movably mounted. The outer contact pieces (21, 22) are also configured as RMF contact pieces. During interruption, the resulting electric arc can commutate completely or partially to the pair of outer contact pieces (21, 22). The inner contact pieces are substantially discoid. Advantageously, the contact pieces (11, 12, 21, 22) are coaxially positioned in relation to each other. The outer contact pieces (21, 22) are advantageously pot-shaped or tubular.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于真空断路器室（1）的接触装置，其包括一对构造为RMF接触片的内接触件（11,12）和一对外接触件（21,22） 并联并且紧密地安装在内接触片（11,12）附近。 至少一个内部接触件（11,12）可移动地安装。 外部接触片（21,22）也被配置为RMF接触件。 在中断期间，所得到的电弧可以完全或部分地与所述一对外部接触件（21,22）交换。 内部接触件基本上是圆盘状的。 有利地，接触片（11,12,21,22）相对于彼此同轴定位。 外部接触片（21,22）有利地为盆形或管状。

公开(公告)号：US20090206979A1

公开(公告)日：2009-08-20

申请号：US12419419

申请日：2009-04-07

申请人： Jens Tepper ,  Friedrich Koenig ,  Kaveh Niayesh ,  Stephan Schoft

发明人： Jens Tepper ,  Friedrich Koenig ,  Kaveh Niayesh ,  Stephan Schoft

IPC分类号： H01C10/30 ,  H01C17/00 ,  H01C7/18

CPC分类号： H01C10/16 ,  H01C10/38 ,  Y10T29/49082

摘要： An electrical resistor has an electrically conductive stack, which includes a plurality of metal first layers and second layers. The stack allows to produce a highly anisotropic resistor, in which the resistance in the direction perpendicular to the layers is much higher than in the plane of the layers. The anisotropy allows the current flowing through the stack to be made homogenous, e.g., to be distributed over the entire stack surface, even if the current is input into the stack in an inhomogenous manner.

摘要翻译： 电阻器具有导电叠层，其包括多个金属第一层和第二层。 堆叠允许产生高度各向异性的电阻器，其中垂直于层的方向的电阻远高于层的平面中的电阻。 各向异性允许流过堆叠的电流均匀，例如分布在整个堆叠表面上，即使电流以不均匀的方式输入到堆叠中。

公开(公告)号：US07880582B2

公开(公告)日：2011-02-01

申请号：US12419419

申请日：2009-04-07

申请人： Jens Tepper ,  Friedrich Koenig ,  Kaveh Niayesh ,  Stephan Schoft

发明人： Jens Tepper ,  Friedrich Koenig ,  Kaveh Niayesh ,  Stephan Schoft

IPC分类号： H01C10/10

CPC分类号： H01C10/16 ,  H01C10/38 ,  Y10T29/49082

摘要： An electrical resistor has an electrically conductive stack, which includes a plurality of metal first layers and second layers. The stack allows to produce a highly anisotropic resistor, in which the resistance in the direction perpendicular to the layers is much higher than in the plane of the layers. The anisotropy allows the current flowing through the stack to be made homogenous, e.g., to be distributed over the entire stack surface, even if the current is input into the stack in an inhomogenous manner.

摘要翻译： 电阻器具有导电叠层，其包括多个金属第一层和第二层。 堆叠允许产生高度各向异性的电阻器，其中垂直于层的方向的电阻远高于层的平面中的电阻。 各向异性允许流过堆叠的电流均匀，例如分布在整个堆叠表面上，即使电流以不均匀的方式输入到堆叠中。

公开(公告)号：US20070041138A1

公开(公告)日：2007-02-22

申请号：US10564037

申请日：2004-07-01

申请人： Kaveh Niayesh ,  Friedrich Konig

发明人： Kaveh Niayesh ,  Friedrich Konig

IPC分类号： H02H3/08

CPC分类号： H01H77/10 ,  H01H29/006 ,  H01H53/08

摘要： The invention relates to a process and a device (1) for combined current limiting and circuit breaking and to a switchgear assembly with such a device (1). In a combined current limiter-circuit breaker (1) as claimed in the invention, a movable electrode (3, 3′) on the one hand for current limitation is guided automatically along one resistance element (5) for the current limitation path (31) by an overcurrent-dependent electromagnetic force (Fmag) and on the other hand for circuit breaking is moved into a series arrangement with an insulator (8). Embodiments include the following, among others: Use of the Lorenz force for automatic current limiting; movable electrode (3, 3′) implemented by liquid metal (3) or movable solid-state conductor (3′); an electrical resistance (Rx) which increases nonlinearly in the direction of motion (x) for a gentle current limiting characteristic; and a resistance element (5) in the form of a dielectric matrix (5) with several channels (3a) for the liquid metal (3). Advantages are among others: arc-free, reversible current limitation and current interruption, also suited for high voltages and currents, fast reaction times, low wear, and ease of maintenance.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于组合限流和断路的装置（1）和具有这种装置（1）的开关装置。 在根据本发明的组合限流器断路器（1）中，一方面用于限流的可动电极（3,3'）自动地沿着用于电流限制路径（31）的一个电阻元件（5）被引导 ），另一方面为了断路，与绝缘体（8）一起移动成串联布置。 实施例包括以下内容：使用洛伦兹力进行自动限流; 由液态金属（3）或可移动固态导体（3'）实现的可动电极（3,3'）; 对于温和电流限制特性，在运动方向（x）上非线性地增加的电阻（R x x S）; 和具有用于液态金属（3）的多个通道（3a））的介质矩阵（5）形式的电阻元件（5）。 优点在于：无弧，可逆电流限制和电流中断，也适用于高电压和电流，反应时间快，磨损小，易于维护。

公开(公告)号：US20080067151A1

公开(公告)日：2008-03-20

申请号：US11631576

申请日：2005-06-22

申请人： Alexander Steffens ,  Dietmar Gentsch ,  Kaveh Niayesh

发明人： Alexander Steffens ,  Dietmar Gentsch ,  Kaveh Niayesh

IPC分类号： H01H33/66

CPC分类号： H01H33/6642 ,  H01H33/12 ,  H01H33/6643

摘要： The invention relates to a contact arrangement for a vacuum interrupter chamber (1), which comprises a pair of inner contact pieces (11, 12), configured as RMF contact pieces, and a pair of outer contact pieces (21, 22) which are connected in parallel and are mounted closely adjacent to the inner contact pieces (11, 12). At least one of the inner contact pieces (11, 12) is movably mounted. The outer contact pieces (21, 22) are also configured as RMF contact pieces. During interruption, the resulting electric arc can commutate completely or partially to the pair of outer contact pieces (21, 22). The inner contact pieces are substantially discoid. Advantageously, the contact pieces (11, 12, 21, 22) are coaxially positioned in relation to each other. The outer contact pieces (21, 22) are advantageously pot-shaped or tubular.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于真空断路器室（1）的接触装置，其包括一对构造为RMF接触片的内接触件（11,12）和一对外接触件（21,22） 并联并且紧密地安装在内接触片（11,12）附近。 至少一个内部接触件（11,12）可移动地安装。 外部接触片（21,22）也被配置为RMF接触件。 在中断期间，所得到的电弧可以完全或部分地与所述一对外部接触件（21,22）交换。 内部接触件基本上是圆盘状的。 有利地，接触片（11,12,21,22）相对于彼此同轴定位。 外部接触片（21,22）有利地为盆形或管状。

公开(公告)号：US07139158B2

公开(公告)日：2006-11-21

申请号：US11328181

申请日：2006-01-10

申请人： Kaveh Niayesh ,  Friedrich Koenig

发明人： Kaveh Niayesh ,  Friedrich Koenig

IPC分类号： H02H9/08

CPC分类号： H01H77/10 ,  H01H29/00 ,  H01H29/22 ,  H01H53/08

摘要： A method and an apparatus are disclosed for current limiting, as is a switchgear assembly having an apparatus such as this. Liquid metal is passed along a resistance element for the current limiting path, in order to achieve current limiting without any arcs for network-dependent short-circuit currents. Exemplary embodiments relate, inter alia, to: an electrical resistance, which rises non-linearly in the movement direction of the liquid metal for a soft current limiting characteristic, a resistance element in the form of a dielectric matrix having channels for the liquid metal, and a combined current limiter circuit breaker. Advantages are, inter alia, reversible current limiting and possibly current disconnection without arcs, also suitable for high voltages and currents, fast reaction times, low wear, and maintenance-friendliness.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于电流限制的方法和装置，以及具有诸如此类的装置的开关装置组件。 液体金属沿着电流限制路径的电阻元件通过，以便实现电流限制而没有任何用于网络相关短路电流的电弧。 示例性实施例尤其涉及：对于软电流限制特性，在液态金属的移动方向上非线性上升的电阻，具有用于液态金属的通道的电介质矩阵形式的电阻元件， 和组合限流器断路器。 优点尤其是可逆电流限制和可能的电弧断开，没有电弧，也适用于高电压和电流，快速反应时间，低磨损和维护友好性。