摘要:
Provided is an electro-conductive member for electrophotography that stably shows high electro-conductivity even under a low-temperature, low-humidity environment. The electro-conductive member for electrophotography has an electro-conductive mandrel and an electro-conductive layer. The electro-conductive layer contains an ionic electro-conductive resin and an ion carrier. The ionic electro-conductive resin has at least one structure selected from the group consisting of structures represented by the following formulae (1), (2), (3), and (4), and a structure represented by the following formula (5) (in the formula (1) to the formula (5), R1, R2, R3, and R4 each represent a divalent organic group, X1, X2, X3, and X4 each independently represent a sulfonic group or a quaternary ammonium base, and 1 represents an integer of 1 or more and 23 or less).
摘要:
The present invention provides an electrophotographic electrically conductive member in which conductivity needed for a charging member is secured, and defects in an image attributed to uneven discharging can be minimized independently of a long-term use and an environment of use. An electrophotographic electrically conductive member comprising an electrically conductive support and an electrically conductive layer, wherein the electrically conductive layer includes an ion conductive resin having a quaternary ammonium ion in a molecule structure as a binder resin, and a carrier molecule represented by the following formula (1) or (2): (wherein n1 and n2 each independently represent an integer of 1 to 4).
摘要:
Provided is an electro-conductive member for electrophotography that stably shows high electro-conductivity even under a low-temperature, low-humidity environment. The electro-conductive member for electrophotography has an electro-conductive mandrel and an electro-conductive layer. The electro-conductive layer contains an ionic electro-conductive resin and an ion carrier. The ionic electro-conductive resin has at least one structure selected from the group consisting of structures represented by the following formulae (1), (2), (3), and (4), and a structure represented by the following formula (5) (in the formula (1) to the formula (5), R1, R2, R3, and R4 each represent a divalent organic group, X1, X2, X3, and X4 each independently represent a sulfonic group or a quaternary ammonium base, and 1 represents an integer of 1 or more and 23 or less).
摘要:
The present invention provides an electrophotographic electrically conductive member in which conductivity needed for a charging member is secured, and defects in an image attributed to uneven discharging can be minimized independently of a long-term use and an environment of use. An electrophotographic electrically conductive member comprising an electrically conductive support and an electrically conductive layer, wherein the electrically conductive layer includes an ion conductive resin having a quaternary ammonium ion in a molecule structure as a binder resin, and a carrier molecule represented by the following formula (1) or (2): (wherein n1 and n2 each independently represent an integer of 1 to 4).
摘要:
An optical component has first and second planar lightwave circuits. The first and second planar lightwave circuits are aligned and jointed such that the position of an i-th optical waveguide (where i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n) of the first planar lightwave circuit and that of an i-th optical waveguide of the second planar lightwave circuit are matched on a joint interface. An angle formed by the i-th optical waveguide of the first planar lightwave circuit and a normal of the interface is configured to vary in accordance with a value of i within a range satisfying the Snell's law.
摘要:
There are disclosed a method and a machine for constructing a shaft having a substantially circular cross-section. According to the present invention, the shaft having a shotcrete formed on a peripheral wall thereof can be easily constructed. The shotcrete can be promptly formed on the peripheral wall by spraying concrete on the wall above the water level of the water in the shaft before the wall is damaged. Also, muck excavated from a working face of the shaft can be efficiently conveyed therefrom to outside of the shaft even if the shaft has a depth of more than hundreds of meters.
摘要:
There is implemented an instrument check system for storing check data of an instrument for a long period of time in an instrument body in a stylized format. The instrument check system comprises an instrument provided with an AD converter for converting a voltage value applied to an input terminal into a digital value, a checking PC connected to the instrument so as to communicate with the instrument, a voltage generation unit for applying a checking voltage value to the input terminal, a check data storage unit formed in the instrument, wherein the checking PC comprises an input check means for acquiring data that is converted from the voltage value into the digital value by the AD converter upon giving an instruction to the voltage generation unit, and storing the data in the check data storage unit.
摘要:
In an optical component configured to fix to a mount an optical device chip in which waveguide type optical devices having different thermal expansion coefficients are butt-jointed, deterioration in reliability due to thermal stress is suppressed. The optical component (300) comprises an optical device chip (310) including an LN waveguide (311), a first PLC waveguide (312), a second PLC waveguide (313), and a fiber alignment member (314), a mount (320), and optical fibers (330). Each of connection faces between the first PLC waveguide and the fiber alignment member is configured as an tilted structure, and each of connection faces between the LN waveguide, and the first and second PLC waveguides is configured as a right-angled structure. In the right-angled structure, the connection faces are connected by an adhesive having a lower Young's modulus than that of an adhesive used on the connection faces of the tilted structure.
摘要:
In an optical component configured to fix to a mount an optical device chip in which a plurality of waveguide type optical devices having different thermal expansion coefficients are butt-jointed, deterioration in reliability due to thermal stress is suppressed. The optical component (300) comprises an optical device chip (310) including an LN waveguide (311), a first PLC waveguide (312) connected to an end of the LN waveguide (311), a second PLC waveguide (313) connected to the other end of the LN waveguide (311), and a fiber alignment member (314) connected to the first PLC waveguide (312), a mount (320) on which the optical device chip (310) is mounted, and optical fibers (330) aligned to the fiber alignment member (314). Each of connection faces between the first PLC waveguide (312) and the fiber alignment member (314) is configured as an tilted structure, and each of connection faces between the LN waveguide (311), and the first and second PLC waveguides (312, 313) is configured as a right-angled structure. In the right-angled structure, the connection faces are connected by an adhesive having a lower Young's modulus than that of an adhesive used on the connection faces of the tilted structure.
摘要:
In an optical component, a part of a waveguide type optical device is fixed to a convex portion of a mount. The optical component includes an optical support base, a pressure member and a pressure support base. The optical device support base is interposed between the mount and the presser member enough to be slidable in a direction parallel to surfaces of the mount and the presser member.