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公开(公告)号：US5885321A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-23
申请号：US684781
申请日：1996-07-22
CPC分类号： C22B21/0053 , B22F9/24 , B22F9/30 , B22F2998/00
摘要： Fine aluminum powders are prepared by decomposing alane-adducts in organic solvents under an inert atmosphere to provide highly uniform particles selectably sized from about 65 nm to about 500 nm and believed particularly effective as fuels and additives, in pyrotechnics, and in energetic materials including composites, super thermite, and other explosives. Effective adduct species are trialkyl amines and tetramethylethylenediamine, ethers and other aromatic amines being believed effective. Effective production is obtained at atmospheric pressure and at temperatures as low as 50.degree. C. with xylene solvent. Increased production rate is achieved at higher temperatures. Toluene, dioxane, and tetramethylethylenediamine were also effective solvents. Aliphatic solvents and other aromatic and polar solvents are believed effective. Titanium catalyst was provided as a halide, amide, and alkoxide; and it is believed that the corresponding compounds of zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, and tantalum are effective as catalysts. Particle size was controlled by varying catalyst concentration and by varying the concentration of an adducting species, as by adding an amine to the solution or using an amine as the solvent. It is believed that particle size is controllable by varying the catalyst, concentration of the reactants, polarity of the solvent, reaction temperature, and the stage and rate at which the solution is brought to this temperature. The product powder is passivated in the reaction vessel by exposing the solution to air before product separation or by controlling the admission of air to the separated, dried powder.
摘要翻译： 通过在惰性气氛下在有机溶剂中分解丙烯加成物制备细铝粉，以提供高度均匀的颗粒，其尺寸可选择为约65nm至约500nm，并且被认为特别有效作为烟火中的燃料和添加剂，以及包括复合材料在内的高能材料 ，超级铁和其他炸药。 有效的加成物质是三烷基胺和四甲基乙二胺，醚和其他芳族胺被认为是有效的。 在大气压和低于50℃的温度下用二甲苯溶剂有效生产。 在较高的温度下实现生产率的提高。 甲苯，二恶烷和四甲基乙二胺也是有效的溶剂。 脂肪族溶剂和其他芳族和极性溶剂被认为是有效的。 提供钛催化剂作为卤化物，酰胺和醇盐; 相信锆，铪，钒，铌和钽的相应化合物作为催化剂是有效的。 通过改变催化剂浓度和通过改变加合物质的浓度来控制粒度，如通过向溶液中加入胺或使用胺作为溶剂。 据信通过改变催化剂，反应物的浓度，溶剂的极性，反应温度以及溶液达到该温度的阶段和速率来控制粒度。 通过在产品分离之前将溶液暴露于空气或通过控制空气进入分离的干燥粉末，将产物粉末在反应容器中钝化。
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公开(公告)号：US6077329A
公开(公告)日：2000-06-20
申请号：US62694
申请日：1998-04-20
CPC分类号： C22B21/0053 , B22F9/24 , B22F9/30 , B22F2998/00
摘要： Fine aluminum powders are prepared by decomposing alane-adducts in organicolvents under an inert atmosphere to provide highly uniform particles and believed particularly effective as fuels and additives, in pyrotechnics, and in energetic materials. Effective adduct species are trialkyl amines and tetramethylethylenediamine, ethers and other aromatic amines. Effective production is obtained at atmospheric pressure and at temperatures as low as 50.degree. C. with xylene solvent. Toluene, dioxane, and tetramethylethylenediamine were also effective solvents. Aliphatic solvents and other aromatic and polar solvents are believed effective. Titanium catalyst was provided as a halide, amide, and alkoxide; and it is believed that the corresponding compounds of zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, and tantalum are effective as catalysts. Particle size was controlled by varying catalyst concentration and by varying the concentration of an adducting species. It is believed that particle size is controllable by varying the catalyst, concentration of the reactants, polarity of the solvent, reaction temperature, and the stage and rate at which the solution is brought to this temperature. The product powder is passivated in the reaction vessel by exposing the solution to air before product separation or by controlling the admission of air to the separated, dried powder.
摘要翻译： 通过在惰性气氛下在有机溶剂中分解丙烯加成物来提供细铝粉，以提供高度均匀的颗粒，并被认为在烟火和高能材料中作为燃料和添加剂特别有效。 有效的加合物是三烷基胺和四甲基乙二胺，醚和其他芳族胺。 在大气压和低于50℃的温度下用二甲苯溶剂有效生产。 甲苯，二恶烷和四甲基乙二胺也是有效的溶剂。 脂肪族溶剂和其他芳族和极性溶剂被认为是有效的。 提供钛催化剂作为卤化物，酰胺和醇盐; 相信锆，铪，钒，铌和钽的相应化合物作为催化剂是有效的。 通过改变催化剂浓度和改变加合物质的浓度来控制粒度。 据信通过改变催化剂，反应物的浓度，溶剂的极性，反应温度以及溶液达到该温度的阶段和速率来控制粒度。 通过在产品分离之前将溶液暴露于空气或通过控制空气进入分离的干燥粉末，将产物粉末在反应容器中钝化。
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3.发明授权Lead-free pyrotechnic and primary explosive compositions containing metal iodates 有权无铅烟火和含有金属碘酸盐的初级炸药组合物公开(公告)号：US08801878B1
公开(公告)日：2014-08-12
申请号：US13227052
申请日：2011-09-07
申请人： Curtis E. Johnson , Kelvin T. Higa
发明人： Curtis E. Johnson , Kelvin T. Higa
摘要： A lead-free pyrotechnic and primary explosive compositions including metal iodates as an oxidizer in nanocomposite energetic compositions including metal powder fuel.
摘要翻译： 一种无铅烟火和初级炸药组合物，包括金属碘酸盐作为纳米复合能量组合物中的氧化剂，包括金属粉末燃料。
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公开(公告)号：US08894739B1
公开(公告)日：2014-11-25
申请号：US12890440
申请日：2010-09-24
IPC分类号： B22F1/02
CPC分类号： B22F1/0062 , B01J2/30 , B22F2998/10 , Y10T428/2995 , B22F1/0074 , B22F1/0088 , B22F1/0085
摘要： A process to increase the fluidity of metal powders by surface modification with alkylsilane reagents. This invention generally discloses that the most efficient process results from treatment with methyltrichlorosilane in hexane. In particular, the fluidity of aluminum powders having mean diameters smaller than 10 micrometers was considerably improved by the process of embodiments of the invention.
摘要翻译： 一种通过用烷基硅烷试剂进行表面改性来提高金属粉末的流动性的方法。 本发明一般公开了最有效的方法是由己烷中甲基三氯硅烷处理得到的。 特别地，通过本发明的实施例的方法，平均直径小于10微米的铝粉的流动性大大改善。
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公开(公告)号：US07943084B1
公开(公告)日：2011-05-17
申请号：US11752677
申请日：2007-05-23
CPC分类号： B22F1/0085 , B22F1/02 , B22F2998/10 , B22F1/0074 , B22F1/0088
摘要： The present invention demonstrates a superior, more economical, and scalable process to increase the fluidity of metal powders by surface modification with alkylsilane reagents. This invention discloses that the most efficient process results from treatment with methyltrichlorosilane in hexane. In particular, the fluidity of aluminum powders having mean diameters smaller than 10 micrometers was considerably improved by the process of the present invention. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope of the claims.
摘要翻译： 本发明证明了通过用烷基硅烷试剂进行表面改性来提高金属粉末的流动性的优越，更经济和可扩展的方法。 本发明公开了用甲基三氯硅烷在己烷中处理最有效的方法。 特别地，通过本发明的方法，平均直径小于10微米的铝粉的流动性大大提高。 要强调的是，该摘要被提供以符合要求抽象的规则，允许搜索者或其他读者快速确定技术公开内容的主题。 提交它的理解是，它不会用于解释或限制权利要求的范围。
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公开(公告)号：US07435310B2
公开(公告)日：2008-10-14
申请号：US11452564
申请日：2006-06-07
申请人： M. Joseph Roberts , Scott K. Johnson , Richard A. Hollins , Curtis E. Johnson , Thomas J. Groshens , David J. Irvin
发明人： M. Joseph Roberts , Scott K. Johnson , Richard A. Hollins , Curtis E. Johnson , Thomas J. Groshens , David J. Irvin
IPC分类号： B29C39/12
CPC分类号： H01L27/14601 , B82Y10/00 , H01L27/14665 , H01L51/0004 , H01L51/0036 , H01L51/0048 , H01L51/422 , H01L51/424 , H01L51/426 , H01L2251/105 , Y02E10/549 , Y10S977/773 , Y10S977/778 , Y10S977/842 , Y10T156/1023 , Y10T156/1039 , Y10T156/1041 , Y10T156/1044
摘要： A method of making films surface imprinted with nanometer-sized particles to produce micro- and/or nano-structured electron and hole collecting interfaces, include providing at least one transparent substrate, providing at least one photoabsorbing conjugated polymer, providing a sufficient amount of nanometer-sized particles to produce a charge separation interface, providing at least one transparent polymerizable layer, embedding the nanometer-sized particles in the conjugated polymer, applying the polymerizable layer and the conjugated polymer/nanometer-sized particle mixture on separate substrates where the nanometer-sized particles form a stamp surface, imprinting the stamp surface into the surface of the polymerizable film layer to produce micro- and/or nano-structured electron and hole collecting interfaces, polymerizing the polymerizable film layer to form a conformal gap, and filling the gap with at least one photoabsorbing material to promote the generation of photoexcited electrons and transport to the charge separation interface.
摘要翻译： 制备表面印有纳米尺寸颗粒以产生微观和/或纳米结构的电子和空穴收集界面的膜的方法包括提供至少一个透明基底，提供至少一种光吸收共轭聚合物，提供足够量的纳米 提供至少一个透明可聚合层，将纳米尺寸的颗粒嵌入到共轭聚合物中，将可聚合层和共轭聚合物/纳米尺寸的颗粒混合物施加在分开的基底上， 大小的颗粒形成印模表面，将印模表面印刷到可聚合膜层的表面中以产生微观和/或纳米结构的电子和空穴收集界面，聚合可聚合膜层以形成共形间隙，并填充间隙 具有至少一种光吸收材料以促进产生光激发的电子 电解质和运输到电荷分离界面。
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公开(公告)号：US07119028B1
公开(公告)日：2006-10-10
申请号：US10699440
申请日：2003-10-29
申请人： M. Joseph Roberts , Scott K. Johnson , Richard A. Hollins , Curtis E. Johnson , Thomas J. Groshens , David J. Irvin
发明人： M. Joseph Roberts , Scott K. Johnson , Richard A. Hollins , Curtis E. Johnson , Thomas J. Groshens , David J. Irvin
IPC分类号： H01L21/302
CPC分类号： H01L51/426 , B82Y10/00 , C08G2261/1412 , C08G2261/3223 , C08K3/041 , H01L27/14601 , H01L27/14665 , H01L51/0004 , H01L51/0036 , H01L51/0048 , H01L51/422 , H01L51/424 , H01L2251/105 , Y02E10/549 , Y10S977/742 , Y10S977/842 , Y10S977/845 , C08L65/00
摘要： A film surface imprinted with nanometer-sized particles to produce micro- and/or nano-structured electron and hole collecting interfaces, including: at least one substrate; at least one photoabsorbing conjugated polymer (including polybutylthiophene (pbT)) applied on a substrate, nanometer-sized particles including multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) to produce a charge separation interface; at least one transparent polymerizable layer, wherein the MWNT are embedded in the conjugated polymer to produce mixture and applied on a substrate to form a MWNT bearing surface film layer to form a stamp surface which is imprinted into the surface of the polymerizable film layer to produce micro- and/or nano-structured electron and hole collecting interfaces; polymerizing the polymerizable film layer to form a conformal gap between the MWNT stamp surface and the surface of the polymerizable film layer, and filling the gap with a photoabsorbing material to promote the generation of photoexcited electrons and transport to the charge separation interface.
摘要翻译： 印有纳米尺寸颗粒以产生微观和/或纳米结构的电子和空穴收集界面的薄膜表面，包括：至少一个基底; 施加在基材上的至少一种光吸收共轭聚合物（包括聚丁基噻吩（pbT）），包括多壁碳纳米管（MWNT）的纳米尺寸颗粒以产生电荷分离界面; 至少一个透明可聚合层，其中将MWNT嵌入共轭聚合物中以产生混合物并施加在基底上以形成MWNT承载表面膜层，以形成印模到可聚合膜层的表面中的印模表面，以产生 微和/或纳米结构的电子和空穴收集界面; 聚合可聚合膜层以在MWNT印模表面和可聚合膜层的表面之间形成共形间隙，并用光吸收材料填充间隙以促进产生光激发电子并传输到电荷分离界面。
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公开(公告)号：USH429H
公开(公告)日：1988-02-02
申请号：US42089
申请日：1987-04-13
CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 , C01B17/20 , C01G9/08 , C01P2004/32 , C01P2004/64 , C01P2006/80
摘要： Finely divided metal sulfide powders of uniform size are produced at low temperatures by a method of adding solutions of organometallic compounds to an organic solvent saturated with H.sub.2 S. The solvent is kept saturated with H.sub.2 S by adding H.sub.2 S at a rate greater than that for the organometallic compound.
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