摘要:
A system and method for self diagnosing an engine controlling system such as an ignition system, fuel injection system, and an EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) system are disclosed in which a periodic pseudo random signal is superposed on a control signal such as an ignition signal, fuel injection signal, or EGR rate controlled value indicating signal during an engine steady state condition, a cross-correlation function is calculated from both the superposed periodic random signal and output signal related to deterioration of the engine controlling system, and a value related to the cross-correlation function is compared with a reference value over which a performance of the engine controlling system cannot be maintained. If the value related to the cross-correlation function exceeds the reference value, the diagnostic system determines the occurrence of deterioration in the engine controlling system. The output related to the deteroration of the engine controlling system is, for example, a number of occurrences of misfiring determined according to change in engine revolutional speed. The periodic pseudo random signal is, for example, an M-series sequence signal. In the case of a diagnostic system for an EGR system the value related to the cross-correlation function may be, for example, a step response.
摘要:
A system and method for controlling ignition timing for an internal combustion engine to suppress engine knocking in which a periodic pseudo random signal (for example, M-series sequence signal) is superimposed on an ignition signal provided at an ignition timing, and a cross-correlation function between the periodic pseudo random signal .chi. and a knocking signal y is calculated to determine an actual knocking level. The ignition timing is then corrected so that the cross-correlation function coincides with a target value which is defined as a value placed in a vicinity of a knocking limit. The ignition timing for the engine is controlled so as to reach the value in the vicinity of the knocking limit but does not exceed the knocking limit.
摘要:
In a closed loop air-fuel mixture control system for carburetor-equipped internal combustion engines, an exhaust gas sensor provides a feedback signal to a control unit where the signal is modified to meet the control characteristics of the closed loop. The modified feedback signal is converted into digital pulses whose width varies with the amplitude of the feedback signal. Additional air is supplied to the engine through an air bleed in accordance with the magnitude of the analog feedback signal to provide a coarse control of air-fuel ratio and in response to the digital pulses to provide a fine control of the ratio. The mixture is controlled in a wide range of ratios to eliminate the need for calibration which would be required for fitting the closed loop system to the time-varying characteristics of individual carburetors.
摘要:
An engine operational condition detector detects a mode among several modes, such as an idling state, a steady state and an accelerating state, where a signal is utilized for selectively actuating one of several integrators, each of which has a predetermined time-constant. One of the integrators, when actuated, integrates an output signal of a P-I controller of a closed loop fuel control system, the integrated signal being stored in a capacitor connected across the integrator. Electromagnetic valves disposed in the openings of main air-bleeds of main and slow circuits of a carburetor are energized in accordance with the output signal of each integrator while other electromagnetic valves disposed in the openings of auxiliary air-bleeds of the same are energized in dependence on the output signal of the P-I controller.
摘要:
A power management system includes: customer terminals; and a power management apparatus connected to the customer terminals, wherein each of the customer terminals includes a weather forecast acquisition unit that acquires a local weather forecast for a corresponding customer terminal, and a power prediction unit that predicts a power consumption and an amount of power that can be reduced for a predetermined period based on the weather forecast, and the power management apparatus includes an integration processing unit that integrates the power consumptions and the amounts of power that can be reduced that are predicted for the respective customer terminals to calculate a total power consumption and a total amount of power that can be reduced for all of the customer terminals.
摘要:
A power management system includes: customer terminals; and a power management apparatus connected to the customer terminals, wherein each of the customer terminals includes a weather forecast acquisition unit that acquires a local weather forecast for a corresponding customer terminal, and a power prediction unit that predicts a power consumption and an amount of power that can be reduced for a predetermined period based on the weather forecast, and the power management apparatus includes an integration processing unit that integrates the power consumptions and the amounts of power that can be reduced that are predicted for the respective customer terminals to calculate a total power consumption and a total amount of power that can be reduced for all of the customer terminals.
摘要:
The invention provides an analgesic anti-inflammatory patch of a hydrophobic type for topical application containing, in a Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA), diclofenac sodium, pyrrolidone or a derivative thereof, a polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester, and an organic acid. The patch exerts the following effects: (1) diclofenac sodium is effectively and continuously released from a Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA) and percutaneously absorbed, thereby attaining sustained, excellent pharmaceutical and pharmacological effects; (2) the patch per se has high tackiness and safety; and (3) diclofenac sodium remains stable in the Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA).
摘要:
An apparatus for automatically changing a tool tip member for a robot includes a tip member changing jig disposed in an operational area of the robot. The tip member changing jig includes a base member, a rotating member supported by the base member so as to be rotatable about a rotation axis, and tip member holding means disposed at positions that are offset from the rotation axis of the rotating member. The tip member holding means holds the tool tip member so that a central axis of relative rotation, for threadedly mounting or demounting the tool tip member on or from the tool body, extends substantially parallel to the rotation axis of the rotating member and so that rotation of the tool tip member, with respect to the rotating member, is locked.
摘要:
In a structure where the lid portion is mounted on the main housing body comprising apertures and in such a manner as to turn freely thereon, the concave lock portion and the locking protrusion adjacent thereto capable of locking the lid in the closed state are located in the aperture side of the main housing body. The lid portion is provided with the hooking piece comprising the spring portion and the arc-shaped protrusion. When the lid portion turns to open or close the aperture portion, the arc-shaped protrusion comes into contact with the locking protrusion under pressure with the spring portion, in order that a force opposing to the turning direction may be applied thereto before and after it passes through the locking protrusion, to keep the lid portion in two states i.e. the open state and the closed state.