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    Method and System for Synchronizing Fault-Tolerant Virtual Machines
    1.
    发明申请
    Method and System for Synchronizing Fault-Tolerant Virtual Machines 有权
    同步容错虚拟机的方法和系统

    公开(公告)号：US20120096458A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-04-19

    申请号：US12907687

    申请日：2010-10-19

    申请人： Lan HUANG ,  Daniel J. SCALES

    发明人： Lan HUANG ,  Daniel J. SCALES

    IPC分类号： G06F9/455

    CPC分类号： G06F9/45533 ,  G06F9/5077 ,  G06F11/1484

    摘要： Primary and secondary virtual machines each executing on a separate physical host and forming a fault-tolerant pair synchronize their execution with each other as closely as possible such that the secondary can take over execution of the primary with little or no disruption of service and no loss of data. To provide fast takeover, the execution latency between the two virtual machines is kept to a minimum by incrementally adjusting the CPU allocation to the primary virtual machine. The CPU allocation to the primary virtual machine decreases when the execution latency is large and increases when the execution latency is small. In order to maximize the performance of the primary virtual machine, the system seeks to maximize the CPU resource limit for the primary virtual machine for as long as possible while minimizing the execution latency.

    摘要翻译： 每个在单独的物理主机上执行并形成容错对的主虚拟机和辅助虚拟机使它们的执行尽可能接近地彼此同步，使得辅助节点可以很少或不会中断服务并且没有损失来接管主节点的执行 数据的。 为了提供快速接管，通过逐步调整主虚拟机的CPU分配，将两个虚拟机之间的执行延迟保持在最小。 执行等待时间大时，主虚拟机的CPU分配会减少，执行延迟小时会增加。 为了最大限度地提高主虚拟机的性能，系统将尽可能长时间地最大化主虚拟机的CPU资源限制，同时最大限度地减少执行延迟。

    Method and System for Frequent Checkpointing
    2.
    发明申请
    Method and System for Frequent Checkpointing 有权
    频繁检查点的方法和系统

    公开(公告)号：US20110167196A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-07-07

    申请号：US12683288

    申请日：2010-01-06

    申请人： Daniel J. SCALES ,  Pratap SUBRAHMANYAM ,  Ganesh VENKITACHALAM ,  Michael NELSON

    发明人： Daniel J. SCALES ,  Pratap SUBRAHMANYAM ,  Ganesh VENKITACHALAM ,  Michael NELSON

    IPC分类号： G06F12/00 ,  G06F12/16

    CPC分类号： G06F11/2023 ,  G06F11/1438 ,  G06F11/1484 ,  G06F11/2097 ,  G06F2201/84

    摘要： A virtualization platform provides fault tolerance for a primary virtual machine by continuously transmitting checkpoint information of the primary virtual machine to a collector process, such as a backup virtual machine. When implemented on a hardware platform comprising a multi-processor that supports nested page tables, the virtualization platform leverages the nested page table support to quickly identify memory pages that have been modified between checkpoints. The backup virtual machine provides feedback information to assist the virtualization platform in identifying candidate memory pages for transmitting actual modifications to the memory pages rather than the entire memory page as part of the checkpoint information. The virtualization platform further maintains a modification history data structure to identify memory pages that can be transmitted simultaneous with the execution of the primary virtual machine rather than while the primary virtual machine has been stunned.

    摘要翻译： 虚拟化平台通过将主虚拟机的检查点信息连续传送到诸如备份虚拟机的收集器进程来为主虚拟机提供容错。 当在包含支持嵌套页表的多处理器的硬件平台上实现时，虚拟化平台利用嵌套页表支持来快速识别在检查点之间已经被修改的内存页。 备份虚拟机提供反馈信息，以帮助虚拟化平台识别用于发送对存储器页的实际修改的候选存储器页，而不是作为检查点信息的一部分的整个存储器页。 虚拟化平台还维护修改历史数据结构，以识别可以与主虚拟机的执行同时发送的存储器页面，而不是在主虚拟机被击晕时。

    Generating and Using Checkpoints in a Virtual Computer System
    3.
    发明申请
    Generating and Using Checkpoints in a Virtual Computer System 有权
    在虚拟计算机系统中生成和使用检查点

    公开(公告)号：US20100122052A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-05-13

    申请号：US12435235

    申请日：2009-05-04

    申请人： Carl A. WALDSPURGER ,  Michael NELSON ,  Daniel J. SCALES ,  Pratap SUBRAHMANYAM

    发明人： Carl A. WALDSPURGER ,  Michael NELSON ,  Daniel J. SCALES ,  Pratap SUBRAHMANYAM

    IPC分类号： G06F12/16 ,  G06F12/00 ,  G06F9/455 ,  G06F11/00

    CPC分类号： G06F11/1407 ,  G06F11/1435 ,  G06F11/1438 ,  G06F11/1458 ,  G06F11/1471 ,  G06F11/1482 ,  G06F11/1484 ,  G06F12/16 ,  G06F2201/815 ,  G06F2201/84

    摘要： To generate a checkpoint for a virtual machine (VM), first, while the VM is still running, a copy-on-write (COW) disk file is created pointing to a parent disk file that the VM is using. Next, the VM is stopped, the VM' s memory is marked COW, the device state of the VM is saved to memory, the VM is switched to use the COW disk file, and the VM begins running again for substantially the remainder of the checkpoint generation. Next, the device state that was stored in memory and the unmodified VM memory pages are saved to a checkpoint file. Also, a copy may be made of the parent disk file for retention as part of the checkpoint, or the original parent disk file may be retained as part of the checkpoint. If a copy of the parent disk file was made, then the COW disk file may be committed to the original parent disk file.

    摘要翻译： 要为虚拟机（VM）生成检查点，首先，当VM仍在运行时，会创建指向VM所使用的父磁盘文件的写时复制（COW）磁盘文件。 接下来，VM停止，VM的内存被标记为COW，VM的设备状态被保存到内存中，VM被切换为使用COW磁盘文件，并且VM再次开始运行，基本上剩余的 检查点生成。 接下来，将存储在存储器中的设备状态和未修改的VM内存页保存到检查点文件。 另外，作为检查点的一部分，可以将父磁盘文件作为副本作为保留，也可以将原始的父磁盘文件作为检查点的一部分进行保留。 如果生成了父磁盘文件的副本，则COW磁盘文件可能会提交到原始的父磁盘文件。

    Managing Network Data Transfers in a Virtual Computer System
    4.
    发明申请
    Managing Network Data Transfers in a Virtual Computer System 有权
    管理虚拟计算机系统中的网络数据传输

    公开(公告)号：US20090222558A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-09-03

    申请号：US12468011

    申请日：2009-05-18

    申请人： Hao XU ,  Daniel J. SCALES

    发明人： Hao XU ,  Daniel J. SCALES

    IPC分类号： G06F15/173 ,  G06F9/44 ,  G06F9/46

    CPC分类号： H04L63/1408 ,  G06F9/45558 ,  G06F9/485 ,  G06F21/554 ,  G06F2009/45587 ,  G06F2009/45595 ,  H04L63/1458

    摘要： A method for protecting a virtual computer system which may be susceptible to adverse effects from a Denial of Service attack is described. The virtual computer system includes a plurality of VMs. In the method, data that is transferred between the virtual computer system and the computer network is monitored for an indication of a possible Denial of Service attack. If an indication of a possible Denial of Service attack is detected, one or more of the VMs is suspended, to reduce the risk of adverse effects on one or more other VMs.

    摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于保护可能容易遭受拒绝服务攻击的不利影响的虚拟计算机系统的方法。 虚拟计算机系统包括多个VM。 在该方法中，监视在虚拟计算机系统和计算机网络之间传送的数据，以示出可能的拒绝服务攻击的指示。 如果检测到可能的拒绝服务攻击的指示，则一个或多个VM被暂停，以减少对一个或多个其他VM的不利影响的风险。

    Storage Handling for Fault Tolerance in Virtual Machines
    6.
    发明申请
    Storage Handling for Fault Tolerance in Virtual Machines 有权
    虚拟机容错的存储处理

    公开(公告)号：US20090119538A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-05-07

    申请号：US12207292

    申请日：2008-09-09

    申请人： Daniel J. SCALES ,  Michael NELSON ,  Andrew TUCKER ,  Eric LOWE

    发明人： Daniel J. SCALES ,  Michael NELSON ,  Andrew TUCKER ,  Eric LOWE

    IPC分类号： G06F11/07

    CPC分类号： G06F11/14 ,  G06F9/45558 ,  G06F11/1683 ,  G06F11/1695 ,  G06F11/2033 ,  G06F11/2038 ,  G06F11/2046 ,  G06F2009/45579 ,  G06F2201/815

    摘要： A fault-tolerant virtualized computer system comprises a primary host executing a primary virtual machine (VM) and a backup host executing a backup VM. In one embodiment, each VM includes a virtual disk mapped to a shared disk image on physical disk accessible to both hosts. A virtual disk IO request is received by virtualization software executing on the backup host from a backup VM. When the virtual disk IO request is a read request, the virtual disk IO request is mapped to a physical read IO request of a virtual disk image stored on a physical disk, the physical read IO request is issued to the physical disk. However, when the virtual disk IO request is a write request, it is assumed to be completed without mapping the virtual disk IO request or issuing a mapped physical IO request to the physical disk.

    摘要翻译： 容错虚拟化计算机系统包括执行主虚拟机（VM）的主主机和执行备份VM的备份主机。 在一个实施例中，每个VM包括映射到两个主机可访问的物理磁盘上的共享磁盘映像的虚拟磁盘。 由备份虚拟机在备份主机上执行的虚拟化软件接收虚拟磁盘IO请求。 当虚拟磁盘IO请求是读取请求时，虚拟磁盘IO请求被映射到存储在物理磁盘上的虚拟磁盘映像的物理读取IO请求，物理磁盘读取IO请求。 然而，当虚拟磁盘IO请求是写入请求时，假定在不映射虚拟磁盘IO请求或向物理磁盘发出映射的物理IO请求的情况下完成该请求。

    STORAGE AREA NETWORK ACCESS FOR VIRTUAL MACHINES
    7.
    发明申请
    STORAGE AREA NETWORK ACCESS FOR VIRTUAL MACHINES 有权
    存储区网络访问虚拟机

    公开(公告)号：US20120185852A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-07-19

    申请号：US13429044

    申请日：2012-03-23

    申请人： Daniel J. SCALES ,  Mallik MAHALINGAM

    发明人： Daniel J. SCALES ,  Mallik MAHALINGAM

    IPC分类号： G06F9/455

    CPC分类号： G06F9/455 ,  G06F9/45558 ,  H04L67/1097

    摘要： Techniques for enabling a virtual machine (VM) executing on a physical node to access a partition of a storage system are described. One embodiment associates an identifier with the VM for use when communicating with the storage system, wherein the identifier differs from a default identifier of a host bust adapter (HBA) usable by the physical node to communicate with the storage system.

    摘要翻译： 描述用于使在物理节点上执行的虚拟机（VM）访问存储系统的分区的技术。 一个实施例将标识符与VM进行关联以在与存储系统通信时使用，其中标识符与物理节点可用以与存储系统通信的主机胸围适配器（HBA）的默认标识符不同。

    Hybrid Locking Using Network and On-Disk Based Schemes
    9.
    发明申请
    Hybrid Locking Using Network and On-Disk Based Schemes 有权
    使用网络和基于磁盘的方案的混合锁定

    公开(公告)号：US20100017409A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-01-21

    申请号：US12565521

    申请日：2009-09-23

    申请人： Mayank RAWAT ,  Jinyuan LI ,  Murali VILAYANNUR ,  Daniel J. SCALES

    发明人： Mayank RAWAT ,  Jinyuan LI ,  Murali VILAYANNUR ,  Daniel J. SCALES

    IPC分类号： G06F17/30

    CPC分类号： H04L41/00 ,  G06F17/30171

    摘要： A method of acquiring a lock by a node, on a shared resource in a system of a plurality of interconnected nodes, is disclosed. Each node that competes for a lock on the shared resource maintains a list of locks currently owned by the node. A lock metadata is maintained on a shared storage that is accessible to all nodes that may compete for locks on shared resources. A heartbeat region is maintained on a shared resource corresponding to each node so nodes can register their liveness. A lock state is maintained in the lock metadata in the shared storage. A lock state may indicate lock held exclusively, lock free or lock in managed mode. If the lock is held in the managed mode, the ownership of the lock can be transferred to another node without a use of a mutual exclusion primitive such as the SCSI reservation.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种在多个互连节点的系统中的共享资源上获取节点锁定的方法。 竞争共享资源上的锁的每个节点维护节点当前拥有的锁的列表。 锁定元数据被维护在可以在共享资源上竞争锁定的所有节点可访问的共享存储器上。 心跳区域保持在对应于每个节点的共享资源上，所以节点可以注册其活动。 在共享存储器中的锁元数据中保持锁定状态。 锁定状态可以指示专门锁定，锁定或锁定在托管模式。 如果锁定在托管模式下，则锁的所有权可以传输到另一个节点，而不使用互斥原语，如SCSI保留。