摘要:
A method of accelerating the training of an artificial neural network uses a computer configured as an artificial neural network with a network input and a network output, and having a plurality of interconnected units arranged in layers including an input layer and an output layer. Each unit has a multiplicity of unit inputs and a set of variables for operating upon a unit inputs to provide a unit output. A plurality of examples are serially provided to the network input and the network output is observed. The computer is programmed with a back propagation algorithm for adjusting each set of variables in response to feedback representing differences between the network output for each example and the desired output. The examples are iterated until the signs of the outputs of the units of the output layer converge. Then each set of variables is multiplied by a multiplier. The examples are reiterated until the magnitude of the outputs of the units of the output layer converge.
摘要:
A guiding catheter system employs an outer jacket with one or more inflation lumens provided along the length of the jacket. The lumens are in fluid communication with one or more fluted balloons mounted at a distal end of the outer jacket. A torquable stylet is movably disposed within an open lumen of the outer jacket. A guidewire is movably disposed in an open lumen of the torquable stylet. The outer jacket can be provided with break-away features allowing the jacket to be peeled off of a pacing lead.
摘要:
The invention is directed to a radiation delivery catheter assembly for maintaining patency of a body lumen for a period of time sufficient to allow delivery of a radiation source to the body lumen. The catheter utilizes an inflatable region which maintains and centers the catheter in the body lumen. The catheter may include a perfusion lumen for supplying oxygenated blood to tissue located downstream from the catheter when the inflatable region is expanded in the body lumen. The inflatable region can be made up of a plurality of balloon segments which help center the radiation source, even if placed on a curved section of the body lumen. Embodiments of the invention include a catheter design which utilizes “rapid exchange” features and a dual therapeutic catheter which is capable of dilating a stenosed region of the body lumen prior to the administration of the radiation treatment. A two-piece protective sheath is used to protect the radiation source from bodily fluids.
摘要:
A multi-lumen balloon for use in a fluted balloon centering catheter and method for providing the same. The multi-lumen balloon maintains a radiation source at the center of a cardiovascular artery, has improved blood perfusion capability, and has improved balloon refolding characteristics. The method of fabricating a multi-lumen balloon designed for a radiation centering catheter uses an improved extrusion process that allows the manufacture of the multi-lumen balloon sub-assembly to be done separately from the catheter shaft assembly.
摘要:
A guiding catheter system employs an outer jacket with one or more inflation lumens provided along the length of the jacket. The lumens are in fluid communication with one or more fluted balloons mounted at a distal end of the outer jacket. A torquable stylet is movably disposed within an open lumen of the outer jacket. A guidewire is movably disposed in an open lumen of the torquable stylet. The outer jacket can be provided with break-away features allowing the jacket to be peeled off of a pacing lead.
摘要:
A multi-lumen balloon for use in a fluted balloon centering catheter and method for providing the same. The multi-lumen balloon maintains a radiation source at the center of a cardiovascular artery, has improved blood perfusion capability, and has improved balloon refolding characteristics. The method of fabricating a multi-lumen balloon designed for a radiation centering catheter uses an improved extrusion process that allows the manufacture of the multi-lumen balloon sub-assembly to be done separately from the catheter shaft assembly.
摘要:
A radiation delivery catheter which increases the margin of safety and reduces unintended exposure to radiation dosage during delivery thereof to a target area to reduce the likelihood of the development of restenosis. The catheter includes a shaft comprised of radiation shielding material, to shield the patient and staff from unintended radiation exposure. The catheter further includes a treatment section including a reservoir balloon comprised of radiation trans-parent material, which enables predetermined concentrations of radioactivity in the radiation source to permeate therethrough into the target area in a substantially uniform dosage pattern.
摘要:
A dynamic fluid flow system for training. The system incorporates transparent piping, transparent pump components, transparent valve components, and other components found in most fluid flow systems which provide visual feedback for training purposes when training personnel on the fluid flow system. The fluid flow system of the present invention includes all elements which would typically be found on a fluid flow system used in industrial facilities such as power plants, and allows full training and certification of personnel on a full interactive dynamic system which produces visual feedback not capable on existing training systems or even on actual systems used in industrial applications. An embodiment of the present invention could be in the form of a portable system which can be transported in a standard trailer or even deployed in a vehicle for remote deployment.
摘要:
A stepped centering catheter for delivery of intravascular radiation therapy including a central segment of a first effective diameter and smaller, offset segments of second effective diameters to each side of the central segment. The first effective diameter of the central segment substantially centers a portion of a radiation source within the lumen of a vessel along a therapeutic treatment length. The second effective diameters of the offset segments constrain portions of the radioactive source that extend beyond the therapeutic treatment length within a region having a minimum offset distance from the vessel wall. The first effective diameter of the central segment is gradually tapered to the second effective diameter of the offset segments across first steps. The second effective diameters of the offset segments are gradually tapered to the diameter of the catheter shaft across second steps. The smaller diameter offset segments and tapered change in diameters mitigates further injury to vessel walls located outside the therapeutic treatment length.
摘要:
A novel proximal shaft design used for the manufacture of a catheter. In particular, the proximal shaft design provides excellent stiffness and kink resistance with a reduced outer catheter shaft diameter for improved catheter performance. The proximal shaft design incorporates a shaft with radially extending ridges that have inset regions positioned between adjacent ridges. The catheter may be used in delivering and maintaining a radiation source in a patient's body lumen, such as a coronary artery, for a specified period of time. The proximal shaft design can be applied to other treatments and treatment sources, as well as, other catheter designs.