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公开(公告)号：US4260421A
公开(公告)日：1981-04-07
申请号：US41271
申请日：1979-05-18
CPC分类号： C04B7/24 , Y02P40/145
摘要： Cement is produced by feeding residue solids containing carbonaceous material and ash constituents obtained from converting a carbonaceous feed material into liquids and/or gases into a cement-making zone and burning the carbon in the residue solids to supply at least a portion of the energy required to convert the solids into cement.
摘要翻译： 通过将含有碳质材料的残余固体和由碳质进料转化成液体和/或气体的灰分组分进料到水泥制造区域中并将残留物中的碳燃烧以提供所需能量的至少一部分来生产水泥 将固体转化成水泥。
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公开(公告)号：US4157246A
公开(公告)日：1979-06-05
申请号：US872859
申请日：1978-01-27
申请人： James M. Eakman , LeRoy R. Clavenna
发明人： James M. Eakman , LeRoy R. Clavenna
CPC分类号： C10G1/086 , C10J3/482 , C10J3/54 , C10J3/66 , C10J3/723 , C10J3/74 , C10J3/78 , C10J3/84 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0943 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/0966 , C10J2300/0976 , C10J2300/0996 , C10J2300/1807 , C10J2300/1846 , Y10S208/951
摘要： In a coal gasification operation or similar conversion process carried out in the presence of an alkali metal-containing catalyst wherein solid particles containing alkali metal residues are produced, alkali metal constituents are recovered from the particles primarily in the form of water soluble alkali metal formates by treating the particles with a calcium or magnesium-containing compound in the presence of water at a temperature between about 250.degree. F. and about 700.degree. F. and in the presence of added carbon monoxide. During the treating process the water insoluble alkali metal compounds comprising the insoluble alkali metal residues are converted into water soluble alkali metal formates. The resultant aqueous solution containing water soluble alkali metal formates is then separated from the treated particles and any insoluble materials formed during the treatment process, and recycled to the gasification process where the alkali metal formates serve as at least a portion of the alkali metal constituents which comprise the alkali metal-containing catalyst. This process permits increased recovery of alkali metal constituents, thereby decreasing the overall cost of the gasification process by reducing the amount of makeup alkali metal compounds necessary.
摘要翻译： 在产生含有碱金属残留物的固体颗粒的含碱金属的催化剂存在下进行的煤气化操作或类似转化方法中，主要以水溶性碱金属甲酸盐的形式从颗粒中回收碱金属成分， 在水的存在下，在约250°F至约700°F的温度和在加入的一氧化碳存在下，用含钙或镁的化合物处理颗粒。 在处理过程中，将包含不溶性碱金属残余物的水不溶性碱金属化合物转化为水溶性碱金属甲酸盐。 然后将所得含有水溶性碱金属甲酸盐的水溶液与处理过的颗粒和在处理过程中形成的任何不溶物质分离，并再循环至气化过程，其中碱金属甲酸盐用作至少一部分碱金属组分， 包含含碱金属的催化剂。 该方法允许碱金属组分的回收率增加，从而通过减少所需的碱金属化合物的量来降低气化过程的整体成本。
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公开(公告)号：US4211538A
公开(公告)日：1980-07-08
申请号：US920045
申请日：1978-06-28
IPC分类号： C10J3/54
CPC分类号： C10J3/54 , C10J3/482 , C10J3/723 , C10J3/74 , C10J3/84 , C10K1/003 , C10K1/004 , C10K1/005 , C10K1/101 , C10K1/122 , C10K1/143 , C10K1/146 , C10K1/165 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/094 , C10J2300/0943 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/0976 , C10J2300/0996 , C10J2300/1846
摘要： An intermediate Btu gas is produced by reacting steam with a carbonaceous feed material in the presence of a carbon-alkali metal catalyst and substantially equilibrium quantities of added hydrogen and carbon monoxide at a temperature between about 1000.degree. F. and about 1500.degree. F. and a pressure in excess of about 100 psia to produce an effluent or raw product gas consisting essentially of equilibrium quantities, at reaction temperature and pressure, of methane, steam, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen; recovering at least a portion of the effluent or raw product gas from the gasifier as an intermediate Btu product gas; contacting a carbon-containing material with steam in a steam reforming zone under conditions such that at least a portion of the carbon-containing material reacts with the steam to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen; and passing the effluent from the reforming zone into the gasifier, thereby supplying the added hydrogen and carbon monoxide required in the gasifier.
摘要翻译： 在碳 - 金属催化剂存在下，蒸汽与含碳原料反应生成中间体Btu气体，在大约1000°F至大约1500°F的温度下，基本上平衡量的加氢和一氧化碳， 压力超过约100psia，以产生在反应温度和压力下，甲烷，蒸汽，二氧化碳，一氧化碳和氢气基本上由平衡量组成的流出物或原始产品气体; 从作为中间体Btu产物气体的气化器回收至少一部分流出物或原始产物气体; 在含水材料的至少一部分与蒸汽反应产生一氧化碳和氢气的条件下，使含碳材料与蒸汽重整区中的蒸汽接触; 并将来自重整区的流出物送入气化器，由此供应气化器中所需的加氢和一氧化碳。
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公开(公告)号：US4118204A
公开(公告)日：1978-10-03
申请号：US771504
申请日：1977-02-25
IPC分类号： C10J3/54
CPC分类号： C10J3/482 , C10J3/54 , C10K1/003 , C10K1/004 , C10K1/005 , C10K1/101 , C10K1/122 , C10K1/143 , C10K1/146 , C10K1/165 , C10J2300/0903 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0973 , C10J2300/0986 , C10J2300/1807 , C10J2300/1823 , C10J2300/1853 , C10J2300/1884 , C10J2300/1892 , Y02E20/18 , Y02P20/52
摘要： An intermediate Btu gas is produced by reacting steam with a carbonaceous feed material in the presence of a carbon-alkali metal catalyst and substantially equilibrium quantities of added hydrogen and carbon monoxide at a temperature between about 1000.degree. and about 1500.degree. F. and a pressure in excess of about 100 psia to produce a raw product gas consisting essentially of equilibrium quantities, at reaction temperature and pressure, of methane, steam, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen; withdrawing the raw product gas from the gasifier and treating it for the removal of acid gases to produce a treated gas; withdrawing a portion of the treated gas as an intermediate Btu product gas; mixing the remainder of the treated gas with steam; passing the resultant mixture into a steam reforming furnace where the methane in the gas reacts with the steam to produce additional amounts of carbon monoxide and hydrogen; and passing the effluent from the reforming furnace into the gasifier.
摘要翻译： 在碳 - 碱金属催化剂存在下，使蒸汽与含碳原料物质反应生成中间体Btu气体，在大约1000℃至大约1500°F的温度下，基本上平衡加入的氢气和一氧化碳。 超过约100psia，以产生基本上由甲烷，蒸汽，二氧化碳，一氧化碳和氢气的反应温度和压力下的平衡量组成的原料气体; 从气化器中取出原始产物气体并处理以除去酸性气体以产生经处理的气体; 将一部分经处理的气体作为中间体Btu产物气体排出; 将剩余的处理气体与蒸汽混合; 将所得混合物通入蒸汽重整炉，其中气体中的甲烷与蒸汽反应产生额外量的一氧化碳和氢气; 并将来自重整炉的流出物送入气化器。
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5.发明授权Separation of carbon dioxide and other acid gas components from hydrocarbon feeds 失效从碳氢化合物进料中分离二氧化碳和其他酸性气体组分
公开(公告)号：US4149864A
公开(公告)日：1979-04-17
申请号：US833937
申请日：1977-09-16
申请人： James M. Eakman , Harry A. Marshall
发明人： James M. Eakman , Harry A. Marshall
CPC分类号： B01D53/00 , C01B3/506 , F25J3/0209 , F25J3/0219 , F25J3/0223 , F25J3/0233 , F25J3/0252 , F25J3/0266 , F25J3/0271 , C01B2203/0475 , F25J2200/02 , F25J2200/74 , F25J2210/12 , Y02C10/12 , Y02P20/152 , Y10S62/929 , Y10S62/93
摘要： A process for the separation of carbon dioxide and, optionally, other acid gas components in a distillation column, operated at high pressure and low temperature, from a gaseous mixture comprising one or more hydrocarbons, including particularly methane, and hydrogen. In its preferred aspects, the feed is predominantly methane, suitably from about 30 to about 85 mole percent and preferably from about 50 to about 80 mole percent methane. The concentration of hydrogen in the gaseous mixture will be sufficient to provide from about 6 to about 34 mole percent, preferably from about 15 to about 25 mole percent hydrogen in the rectification portion of the distillation column. The separation can be effected in a single column usually having from about 20 to about 30 theoretical distillation stages and the feed can be one constituted ab initio within the desired ranges of composition, or modified by addition of components just prior to or at the time of distillation.
摘要翻译： 从包括一种或多种烃，特别是甲烷和氢的气体混合物中分离在高压和低温下运行的蒸馏塔中的二氧化碳和任选的其它酸性气体组分的方法。 在其优选的方面，进料主要是甲烷，合适地为约30至约85摩尔％，优选约50至约80摩尔％的甲烷。 气态混合物中的氢气浓度足以在蒸馏塔的精馏部分提供约6至约34摩尔％，优选约15至约25摩尔％的氢气。 分离可以在通常具有约20至约30个理论蒸馏阶段的单个塔中进行，并且进料可以是在所需组合物范围内从头开始，或者通过在刚刚之前或之后添加组分进行修饰 蒸馏。
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公开(公告)号：US4459201A
公开(公告)日：1984-07-10
申请号：US359959
申请日：1982-03-19
摘要： Carbon-containing solids such as oil shale or coal are pyrolyzed or retorted in an apparatus constructed in such a manner that the heat required for pyrolysis is supplied by burning residual organic material in the pyrolyzed solids in an external combustion zone and in an internal combustion zone that is situated with respect to the pyrolysis or retorting zone such that the heat of combustion is transferred through the walls of the internal combustion zone into the pyrolysis or retorting zone. The pyrolyzed solids are passed from the retorting zone to either the external combustion zone or the internal combustion zone wherein a portion of the organic material in the solids is burned. The partially burned solids exiting this zone are then passed to either the external combustion zone or the internal combustion zone where all or a portion of the remaining organic material is burned. The heat carried into the internal combustion zone with the hot solids produced by burning the organic material in the external combustion zone and the heat of combustion produced in the internal combustion zone are transferred through the walls of the internal combustion zone to supply substantially all or a major portion of the heat required to pyrolyze the carbon-containing feed solids in the retorting zone. None of the solids or flue gases produced in either the internal combustion zone or the external combustion zone are passed directly into the retorting zone.
摘要翻译： 在诸如油页岩或煤之类的含碳固体在以如下方式构造的装置中进行热解或蒸馏，所述设备以热解所需的热量通过在外部燃烧区和内部燃烧区中的热解固体中燃烧残余的有机材料来提供 其相对于热解或蒸煮区域定位，使得燃烧热量通过内部燃烧区域的壁转移到热解或蒸煮区域中。 热解的固体从蒸馏区通过至外部燃烧区或内部燃烧区，其中固体中的一部分有机材料被燃烧。 然后将离开该区域的部分燃烧的固体通入外部燃烧区或内部燃烧区，其中剩余的有机材料的全部或一部分被燃烧。 通过燃烧外部燃烧区中的有机材料产生的热固体和在内部燃烧区产生的燃烧热量而进入内部燃烧区的热量被传送通过内部燃烧区的壁，以基本上全部或者一个 在蒸馏区中热解含碳进料固体所需的大部分热量。 在内部燃烧区域或外部燃烧区域中产生的固体或烟道气都不会直接通入蒸馏区域。
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7.发明授权Separation of carbon dioxide and other acid gas components from hydrocarbon feeds containing admixtures of methane and hydrogen 失效从含有甲烷和氢气混合物的烃进料中分离二氧化碳和其他酸性气体成分
公开(公告)号：US4284423A
公开(公告)日：1981-08-18
申请号：US967648
申请日：1978-12-08
申请人： James M. Eakman , Harry A. Marshall
发明人： James M. Eakman , Harry A. Marshall
IPC分类号： F25J3/02
CPC分类号： F25J3/0223 , F25J3/0209 , F25J3/0219 , F25J3/0233 , F25J3/0266 , F25J2200/04 , F25J2210/12 , F25J2220/66 , F25J2230/08 , F25J2240/30 , F25J2240/40 , Y02C10/12 , Y10S62/929
摘要： A process for the separation of carbon dioxide and other acid gas components, in a compound distillation column, from a gaseous mixture comprised of one or more hydrocarbons, inclusive of methane, and hydrogen. The compound distillation column is sectioned (or zoned), one section of which is operated at higher pressure than another, and hence in a relative sense is referred to as a high pressure section while the other is referred to as a low pressure section. A product, principally methane, is removed from the high pressure section while a product of principally acid gases is removed from the low pressure section. By maintaining the sections at different pressure, the separations are more efficiently made and phase separation of products in the low pressure section is easily maintained.
摘要翻译： 在复合蒸馏塔中从由一种或多种烃（包括甲烷）和氢气组成的气体混合物中分离二氧化碳和其它酸性气体组分的方法。 复合蒸馏塔被分段（或分区），其一部分在比另一个更高的压力下操作，因此在相对意义上被称为高压部分，而另一部分被称为低压部分。 主要从低压段除去主要是酸性气体的产物，主要是甲烷的产物。 通过将切片保持在不同的压力下，可以更有效地进行分离，并且容易地保持低压部分中的产品的相分离。
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公开(公告)号：US4250160A
公开(公告)日：1981-02-10
申请号：US824456
申请日：1977-08-15
申请人： James M. Eakman
发明人： James M. Eakman
CPC分类号： C01C1/242
摘要： A process for the production of ammonium sulfate in a multistage contactor (or column) inclusive of liquid cyclone recycle. A gas, or gases, which contains sulfur dioxide, e.g., a flue gas, is contacted with ammonia in an oxygen and water environment in a column comprised of three sections (zones). Sulfur dioxide is contacted in vapor phase in a central section of the contactor with a stoichiometric excess of ammonia in the presence of oxygen and water vapor to produce ammonium sulfate. A scrubbing section for the removal of ammonia from the effluent gas by countercurrent contact with water or acid solution is provided in the upper section of the contactor. Liquid cyclones are utilized in the lower section of the contactor where product ammonium sulfate is removed as a slurry, crystalline ammonium sulfate is removed from the slurry, and liquid is returned as recycle to the contactor.
摘要翻译： 在多级接触器（或色谱柱）中生产硫酸铵的方法，包括液体旋风回收。 将包含二氧化硫（例如烟道气）的气体或气体在氧气和水环境中的氨与由三个部分（区域）组成的塔中接触。 在氧气和水蒸汽的存在下，二氧化硫在接触器的中心部分与化学计量过量的氨气相接触，产生硫酸铵。 在接触器的上部设置有用于通过与水或酸溶液逆流接触从废气中除去氨的洗涤部分。 液体旋风器用于接触器的下部，其中产物硫酸铵作为浆料被除去，结晶硫酸铵从浆料中除去，液体作为循环返回到接触器。
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公开(公告)号：US4219338A
公开(公告)日：1980-08-26
申请号：US906516
申请日：1978-05-17
CPC分类号： C10J3/482 , C10B49/22 , C10J3/54 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0973 , C10J2300/0986 , C10J2300/1807 , Y02P20/52
摘要： In a coal gasification operation or similar conversion process carried out in the presence of an alkali metal-containing catalyst wherein solid particles containing alkali metal residues are produced, alkali metal constituents are recovered from the particles by treating them with a calcium or magnesium-containing compound in the presence of water at a temperature between about 250.degree. F. and about 700.degree. F. and in the presence of an added base to establish a pH during the treatment step that is higher than would otherwise be possible without the addition of the base. During the treating process the relatively high pH facilitates the conversion of water-insoluble alkali metal compounds in the alkali metal residues into water-soluble alkali metal constituents. The resultant aqueous solution containing water-soluble alkali metal constituents is then separated from the residue solids, which consist of the treated particles and any insoluble materials formed during the treatment step, and recycled to the gasification process where the alkali metal constituents serve as at least a portion of the alkali metal constituents which comprise the alkali metal-containing catalyst. Preferably, the base that is added during the treatment step is an alkali metal hydroxide obtained by water washing the residue solids produced during the treatment step.
摘要翻译： 在产生含有碱金属残留物的固体颗粒的含碱金属的催化剂存在下进行的煤气化操作或类似的转化方法中，通过用含钙或镁的化合物处理从颗粒中回收碱金属成分 在约250°F至约700°F的温度存在下，并且在加入的碱的存在下，在处理步骤中建立的pH高于否则可能没有加入碱 。 在处理过程中，相对较高的pH有助于将碱金属残余物中的不溶于水的碱金属化合物转化为水溶性碱金属成分。 然后将含有水溶性碱金属成分的所得水溶液与残留固体分离，残余物固体由处理过的颗粒和在处理步骤中形成的任何不溶物组成，并再循环至气化过程，其中碱金属组分至少为 一部分含碱金属的催化剂的碱金属组分。 优选地，在处理步骤期间添加的碱是通过水洗洗涤步骤中产生的残余物固体获得的碱金属氢氧化物。
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公开(公告)号：US4211669A
公开(公告)日：1980-07-08
申请号：US959266
申请日：1978-11-09
CPC分类号： C10J3/54 , C10J3/482 , C10J3/66 , C10J3/723 , C10J3/74 , C10J3/78 , C10J3/84 , C10K3/00 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0943 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/0966 , C10J2300/0976 , C10J2300/0996 , C10J2300/1807
摘要： A high purity chemical synthesis gas is produced by reacting steam with a carbonaceous feed material in the presence of a carbon-alkali metal catalyst and substantially equilibrium quantities of added hydrogen and carbon monoxide at a temperature between about 1000.degree. F. and about 1500.degree. F. and a pressure in excess of about 100 psia to produce a raw product gas consisting essentially of equilibrium quantities, at reaction temperature and pressure, of methane, steam, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen; withdrawing the raw product gas from the gasifier and treating it for the removal of steam and acid gases to produce a treated gas containing primarily carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane; recovering carbon monoxide and hydrogen from the treated gas as a chemical synthesis product gas; mixing the remainder of the treated gas consisting essentially of methane with steam; passing the resultant mixture into a steam reforming furnace where the methane reacts with the steam to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen; and passing the effluent from the reforming furnace into the gasifier.
摘要翻译： 在碳 - 金属催化剂存在下，蒸汽与含碳原料反应生成高纯度化学合成气，在约1000°F至约1500°F的温度下，基本上平衡量的加氢和一氧化碳 并且压力超过约100psia，以产生在甲烷，蒸汽，二氧化碳，一氧化碳和氢气的反应温度和压力下基本上由平衡量组成的原始产物气体; 从气化器中取出原始产物气体并处理它以除去蒸汽和酸性气体以产生主要包含一氧化碳，氢气和甲烷的处理气体; 从处理气体中回收一氧化碳和氢气作为化学合成产物气体; 将基本上由甲烷组成的处理气体的剩余部分与蒸汽混合; 将所得混合物通入蒸汽重整炉，其中甲烷与蒸汽反应产生一氧化碳和氢气; 并将来自重整炉的流出物送入气化器。
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