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公开(公告)号：US4208455A
公开(公告)日：1980-06-17
申请号：US953422
申请日：1978-10-23
摘要： A method of shaping an organic polymer insoluble in a polar solvent comprising reacting an insoluble organic polymer containing at least one Lewis acid electron attracting group or Lewis basic electron donating group with a sufficient amount of a lower alkylene oxide to alkoxylate the Lewis group and form an alkoxylated product soluble or easily dispersible in a polar solvent, dissolving or dispersing the alkoxylated product in a polar solvent, shaping the alkoxylated product into the desired form by applying the solution or dispersion to a support and removing the polar solvent, and hydrolyzing the alkoxylated product to obtain the original polymer in the desired form. Products made by the process include self-supporting polymeric films and porous diaphragms for electrolytic cells made by impregnating suitable porous supports with the alkoxylated product.
摘要翻译： 一种使不溶于极性溶剂的有机聚合物成型的方法，包括使包含至少一种路易斯酸吸电子基团或路易斯碱性电子给体基团的不溶性有机聚合物与足够量的低级烯化氧反应，使Lewis基团烷氧基化，形成 烷氧基化产物可溶或容易分散在极性溶剂中，将烷氧基化产物溶解或分散在极性溶剂中，通过将溶液或分散体施用于载体并除去极性溶剂，并将该烷氧基化产物水解，将烷氧基化产物成形为所需形式 以获得所需形式的原始聚合物。 通过该方法制备的产品包括自支撑聚合物膜和用于通过用烷氧基化产物浸渍合适的多孔载体制成的电解槽的多孔隔膜。
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公开(公告)号：US4132819A
公开(公告)日：1979-01-02
申请号：US742640
申请日：1976-11-17
CPC分类号： C08F8/00 , B01D71/32 , B01D71/40 , B01D71/82 , C08F8/12 , C08J5/2237 , C08J7/12 , C08J2327/18
摘要： A method of shaping an organic polymer insoluble in a polar solvent comprises reacting an insoluble organic polymer containing at least one Lewis acidic electron attracting group or Lewis basic group with a sufficient amount of a lower alkylene oxide to alkoxylate the Lewis group and form an alkoxylated product soluble or easily dispersible in a polar solvent, dissolving or dispersing the alkoxylated product in a polar solvent, shaping the alkoxylated product into the desired form by applying the solution or dispersion to a support and removing the polar solvent, and hydrolyzing the alkoxylated product to obtain the original polymer in the desired form. Products made by this process include self-supporting polymeric films and porous diaphragms for electrolytic cells made by impregnating suitable porous supports with the alkoxylated product.
摘要翻译： 使不溶于极性溶剂的有机聚合物成型的方法包括将含有至少一个路易斯酸性吸电子基团或路易斯碱性基团的不溶性有机聚合物与足够量的低级环氧烷反应以使路易斯基团烷化并形成烷氧基化产物 将极性溶剂溶解或容易地分散，将烷氧基化产物溶解或分散在极性溶剂中，通过将溶液或分散体施加到载体上并除去极性溶剂，并将该烷氧基化产物水解，从而将烷氧基化产物成形为所需形式 原始聚合物为所需形式。 通过该方法制造的产品包括用于通过用烷氧基化产物浸渍合适的多孔载体而制成的电解池的自支撑聚合物膜和多孔隔膜。
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公开(公告)号：US4201647A
公开(公告)日：1980-05-06
申请号：US908262
申请日：1978-05-22
CPC分类号： G01N27/30
摘要： A novel measuring electrode for determination of the concentration of anionic species in aqueous solutions by measuring the potential difference between the measuring electrode and a reference electrode comprising a body provided with an outer surface comprised of graphite or carbon black dispersed in a chemically inert matrix, said electrode being preactivated by anodic polarization in an aqueous alkaline or acid solution, the process of activating the said electrode and a method of ascertaining the charge state of an electric accumulator by determining the strength of the electrolyte therein.
摘要翻译： 一种用于通过测量测量电极和参考电极之间的电位差来测定水溶液中阴离子物质的浓度的新型测量电极，所述参考电极包括设置有分散在化学惰性基质中的由石墨或炭黑组成的外表面的主体， 电极通过阳极极化在碱性或酸性水溶液中预活化，活化所述电极的过程以及通过确定蓄电池的电解质的强度来确定蓄电池的充电状态的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US4262252A
公开(公告)日：1981-04-14
申请号：US908266
申请日：1978-05-22
CPC分类号： H01M10/484 , G01N27/4035
摘要： A measuring electrode for determining the concentration of aqueous sulfuric acid solutions comprising a lead electrode activated by anodic polarization in aqueous sulfuric acid and a process of determining the state of charge of a lead-acid battery.
摘要翻译： 一种用于测定含硫酸水溶液浓度的测量电极以及确定铅酸电池的充电状态的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US4285876A
公开(公告)日：1981-08-25
申请号：US83399
申请日：1979-10-10
IPC分类号： C07C265/14 , C07C119/042 , C07C125/063
CPC分类号： C07C263/18
摘要： Adducts of low boiling isocyanates with .beta.-diketones which decompose on heating to give the low boiling isocyanates as a condensible vapor; as well as the method of making the adducts and the method of storing and transporting low boiling isocyanates employing said adducts.
摘要翻译： 低沸点异氰酸酯与β-二酮的加合物，其加热分解，得到低沸点异氰酸酯作为可冷凝蒸汽; 以及制备加合物的方法和使用所述加合物储存和运输低沸点异氰酸酯的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US4215009A
公开(公告)日：1980-07-29
申请号：US940273
申请日：1978-09-07
CPC分类号： C01D3/18
摘要： A novel method of reducing metal impurities in aqueous alkali metal halide solutions, especially alkaline earth metal ions, and to novel organic solvent compositions having a synergistic activity for removal of metal impruties from aqueous solutions.
摘要翻译： 一种降低碱金属卤化物水溶液，特别是碱土金属离子的金属杂质的新方法，以及具有协同活性的新型有机溶剂组合物，用于从水溶液中除去金属的作用。
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公开(公告)号：US4288382A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-08
申请号：US83400
申请日：1979-10-10
IPC分类号： C07C265/14 , C07F5/04 , C07C119/042
CPC分类号： C07F5/04 , C07C263/18
摘要： Adducts of low boiling isocyanates with boron compounds selected from the group consisting of polyol borates and metaboric acid which decompose on heating to give the low boiling isocyanates as a condensible vapor; as well as the method of making the adducts and the method of storing and transporting low boiling isocyanates employing said adducts.
摘要翻译： 低沸点异氰酸酯与选自多元醇硼酸盐和偏硼酸的硼化合物的加合物，其加热分解，得到作为可冷凝蒸气的低沸点异氰酸酯; 以及制备加合物的方法和使用所述加合物储存和运输低沸点异氰酸酯的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US4391758A
公开(公告)日：1983-07-05
申请号：US369549
申请日：1982-04-19
IPC分类号： C07C263/04 , C07C265/04 , C07C118/00
CPC分类号： C07C263/04 , Y02P20/582
摘要： An improved process for the preparation of methyl isocyanate comprising reacting methyl carbamoyl chloride with an acid acceptor selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dimethylurea, urea, alkyl ureas and biuret in an organic solvent in which the acid acceptor is soluble but in which the hydrochloride salt thereof is insoluble, separating the acid acceptor hydrochloride from the liquid phase, recovering methyl isocyanate by distillation from the liquid phase, and thermally decomposing acid acceptor hydrochloride to at least a partially free acid acceptor which can preferably be used as a starting material for the production of methyl isocyanate.
摘要翻译： 用于制备甲基异氰酸酯的改进方法包括使甲基氨基甲酰氯与酸受体选自1,3-二甲基脲，脲，烷基脲和缩二脲在其中酸受体是可溶的但其中 其盐酸盐不溶，将酸受体盐酸盐与液相分离，通过蒸馏从液相中回收甲基异氰酸酯，并将酸受体盐酸盐热分解成至少部分游离的酸受体，其可优选用作起始原料 用于生产甲基异氰酸酯。
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公开(公告)号：US4384999A
公开(公告)日：1983-05-24
申请号：US195648
申请日：1980-10-09
IPC分类号： C07C263/10 , C07C265/04 , C07C118/02
CPC分类号： C07C263/10
摘要： A novel process for the preparation of alkyl isocyanates comprising reacting COX.sub.2 and an alkyl amine hydrohalide of the formulaR-NH.sub.2.HX Iwherein R is alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms and X is a halogen either under pressure in an inert organic solvent or under atmospheric pressure in a high boiling organic solvent to form the corresponding alkyl carbamoyl halide, reacting the latter in an organic solvent with an urea of the formula ##STR1## wherein X' is selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur, R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 are individually selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 1 to 7 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 4 to 6 carbon atoms and phenyl and R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 7 carbon atoms, cycyloalkyl of 4 to 6 carbon atoms and phenyl to obtain the corresponding alkyl isocyanate.
摘要翻译： 一种用于制备烷基异氰酸酯的新方法，其包括使COX 2与式R-NH 2 .HX I的烷基胺氢卤酸反应，其中R是1至3个碳原子的烷基，X是卤素，在惰性有机溶剂中或在压力下， 在大气压下在高沸点有机溶剂中形成相应的烷基氨基甲酰卤，使其在有机溶剂中与下式的脲反应，其中X'选自氧和硫，R 1和 R3分别选自1至7个碳原子的烷基，4至6个碳原子的环烷基和苯基，R2和R4分别选自氢，1至7个碳原子的烷基，氰基烷基 4至6个碳原子和苯基，以获得相应的烷基异氰酸酯。
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公开(公告)号：US07046531B2
公开(公告)日：2006-05-16
申请号：US10754575
申请日：2004-01-12
IPC分类号： H02M7/00
CPC分类号： H02M7/483
摘要： A static inverter for a battery of elementary, current sources or cells electrically in series and a number N of intermediate voltage taps along the chain of elementary DC current sources, wherein the number of elementary cells comprised between an intermediate tap and another intermediate tap adjacent to it or an end terminal of said chain is proportionate to the amplitude in the respective phase interval of a number N of discretization phases of the waveform of the AC voltage to be output in a quadrant; is implemented by arranging for: a number N of power switches each connecting a respective intermediate tap and a first end terminal of a first polarity of said chain of elementary cells in series to a common circuit node of said first polarity; an output bridge stage constituted by at least four power switches controlled in pairs for switching the current paths through the bridge stage, having a first pair of nodes coupled to said common circuit node of said first plurality and to the other end terminal of polarity opposite to said first polarity of said chain of elementary cells, respectively, and a second pair of nodes constituting an AC output; and a control circuit sequentially and cyclically turning on, in a continuous manner, one switch at the time of said N switches; each for a phase interval of 1/(4N) times the period of said AC output, and alternately tuning on by pairs said four power switches of said output bridge stage at every half a period.
摘要翻译： 一种用于基本电流源或电池串联的电池的静态逆变器，以及沿着基本DC电流源链的N个中间电压抽头，其中包括在中间抽头和与之相邻的另一个中间抽头之间的基本单元的数量 所述链路的终端或终端与所述AC电压波形的N个离散相位的相邻相位间隔中的振幅成比例; 通过以下方式实现：N个电源开关，每个电源开关各自连接各个中间抽头和所述基本单元串的第一极性的第一端子与所述第一极性的公共电路节点串联; 由至少四个功率开关构成的输出桥接级，所述至少四个功率开关成对控制，用于切换通过桥接级的电流路径，具有耦合到所述第一多个的所述公共电路节点的第一对节点和与 分别表示所述基本单元链的第一极性，以及构成AC输出的第二对节点; 以及控制电路在所述N个开关时以连续的方式顺序地循环地接通一个开关; 每个相位间隔为所述AC输出的周期的1 /（4N）倍，并且每半个周期交替地通过所述输出桥接级的所述四个电源开关进行调谐。
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