Abstract:
1. IN A PROCESS FOR THE GROWTH OF CELLS OF AN AEROBIC MICROORGANISM IN AN AGITATED CULTURE MEDIUM CONTAINED IN A FERMENTED AND IN CONTACT WITH AN OXYGEN-CONTAINING GAS, SAID CULTURE MEDIUM CONTAINING AN INOCULUM OF SAID MICROORGANISM, AN AQUEOUS MINERAL SALT NUTRIENT, AND A LIQUID HYDROCARBON SUBSTRATE, THE IMPROVEMENT FOR CONTROLLING THE FORMATION OF FOAM IN SAID CULTURE MEDIUM DURING GROWTH OF SAID CELLS OF SAID MICROORGANISM COMPRISING CIRCULATING SAID CULTURE MEDIUM OVER A SOLID, UNIT BODY HAVING A MINIMUM DIMENSION OF 0.001 INCH OF A POLYMER HAVING A MOLECULAR WEIGHT ABOVE 25,000 SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF POLYETHYLENE, POLYPROPYLENE, POLYBUTYLENE, AND POLYSTYRENE, SAID SOLID,UNIT BODY BEING IN THE FORM OF A FILAMENT, A DISTINCT SHAPE, OR AN INDISCRIMINATE SHAPE.
Abstract:
This disclosure relates to a method of improving the yieldoctane number relationship of a reformate or reformer effluent by contacting the same at conversion conditions in the presence of hydrogen with crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites characterized by (1) having a silica to alumina ratio greater than 15 (preferably greater than 20); (2) having been crystallized from a solution containing organic cations so that the aluminosilicate as synthesized contains organic cations and (3) having pore sizes such that the aluminosilicate sorbs methyl paraffins at said conversion conditions. The upgrading of reformate or reformer effluent can take place with or without added hydrogen and with or without a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation component.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for selectively cracking polar compounds from non-polar saturated hydrocarbons in the presence of a crystalline aluminosilicate catalyst having a pore size of about 5 Angstrom units wherein a mixture of polar compounds and non-polar saturated hydrocarbon species having dimensions no greater than 5 Angstrom units are contacted with the aluminosilicate. The molecular species which is capable of being sorbed within the internal pores of the aluminosilicate at a faster rate than the other species is selectively cracked to a chemical species which is distinct from the species admitted.
Abstract:
Fuel-powered engines are operated in combination with a catalytic converter for the conversion of low octane fuel to high octane fuel which is then introduced into the engine to provide light high octane components for burning in the engine. The catalytic converter includes a catalyst chamber containing a crystalline aluminosilicate catalyst having an alpha value of at least five and preferably of the ZSM-5 or ZSM-8 type of zeolite. On passage through the catalytic converter, low octane fuel is converted to high hydrocarbon gases and introduced into the engine for burning.
Abstract:
A METHOD OF SELECTIVELY SORBING A COMPOUND OF LOW POLARITY IN ADMIXTURE WITH A COMPOUND OF THE SAME OR GREATER POLARITY WHICH COMPRISES PASSING THE MIXTURE OVER A CRYSTALLINE ALUMINOSILICATE HAVING A SILICA/ALUMINA MOLLE RATIO OF AT LEAST 35.
Abstract:
Straight-chain hydrocarbons and slightly branched-chain hydrocarbons are selectively converted in the liquid phase utilizing novel crystalline zeolites having unique molecular sieving properties. The catalyst preferably contains acidic cations and can also contain a component having a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation function. The process of this invention is particularly useful for the shape selective dewaxing of hydrocarbon oils including removal of high freezing point paraffins from jet fuel to lower freezing point, improving the octane rating of naphtha fractions, and lowering the pour point of high pour stocks, all with long catalyst life.
Abstract:
DISPROPORTIONATION OF PARAFFIN HYDROCARBONS BY CONTACTING A PARAFFIN HYDROCARBON CHARGE UNDER DISPROPORTIONATION CONDITIONS WITH A CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITE CATALYST AND SEPARATING THEREFROM DISPROPORTIONATION PRODUCTS COMPRISING PRODUCTS HAVING A HIGHER MOLECULAR WEIGHT THAN THE PARAFFIN HYDROCARBON CHARGE AND PRODUCTS HAVING A LOWER MOLECULAR WEIGHT THAN THE HYDROCARBON CHARGE.