公开(公告)号：US5124080A

公开(公告)日：1992-06-23

申请号：US790095

申请日：1991-11-01

Applicant: Mani Shabrang ,  Susan J. Babinec

Inventor： Mani Shabrang ,  Susan J. Babinec

IPC: C08F214/26 ,  C08F16/14 ,  C08F216/14 ,  C09D127/12 ,  C09D127/18 ,  G02F1/15 ,  H01B1/06 ,  H01B1/12

CPC classification number: H01B1/122 ,  G02F1/1525

Abstract: An improvement of electrochromic devices incorporating a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer ion conducting layer interposed between a working electrode and a counter electrode. The improvement relates to the composition of the perfluorosulfonic acid polymer of the ion conducting layer. In the present invention the composition of the perfluorosulfonate polymer layer is a polymer comprising a substantially fluorinated backbone which has recurring pendant groups attached thereto represented by the formula --O--(CFR'.sub.f).sub.b --(CFR.sub.f).sub.a --SO.sub.3 --, where a=0-3, b=0-3, a+b=at least 1, and R.sub.f and R'.sub.f are independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen and a substantially fluorinated alkyl group having one or more carbon atoms. One example of such a polymer is the copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-((trifluoroethenyl)oxy)ethane sulfonic acid having an equivalent weight of about 800. The primary benefit of the present invention is that the electrochromic device darkens sufficiently to be useful when the device is operated at high temperature such as can be encountered in an automobile electrochromic sun roof on a sunny day in a hot climate.

Abstract translation: 包含插入在工作电极和对电极之间的全氟磺酸聚合物离子传导层的电致变色装置的改进。 该改进涉及离子传导层的全氟磺酸聚合物的组成。 在本发明中，全氟磺酸盐聚合物层的组成是包含基本上氟化的主链的聚合物，其具有由式-O-（CFR'f）b - （CFRf）a-SO 3 - 表示的连接有重复的侧基，其中a = 0-3，b = 0-3，a + b =至少1，Rf和R'f独立地选自卤素和具有一个或多个碳原子的基本氟化的烷基。 这种聚合物的一个实例是四氟乙烯和当量为约800的1,1,2,2-四氟-2 - （（三氟乙烯基）氧基）乙磺酸的共聚物。本发明的主要优点是 当在高温下操作该装置时，电致变色装置充分变暗，例如在炎热气候的阳光灿烂的日子可能在汽车电致变色阳光屋顶遇到的。

公开(公告)号：US4707224A

公开(公告)日：1987-11-17

申请号：US924952

申请日：1986-10-30

Applicant: Mani Shabrang

Inventor： Mani Shabrang

IPC: B01J4/04 ,  C25B1/00

CPC classification number: B01J4/04

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are described for fluorinating substances utilizing a fluoride-ion valve.

Abstract translation: 描述了利用氟离子阀氟化物质的方法和装置。

公开(公告)号：US5136419A

公开(公告)日：1992-08-04

申请号：US809209

申请日：1991-12-13

Applicant: Mani Shabrang

Inventor： Mani Shabrang

IPC: G02F1/15 ,  G02F1/153 ,  G02F1/161

CPC classification number: G02F1/161

Abstract: An improved electrochromic device of the type employing: a working electrode, such as a thin essentially transparent layer of indium/tin oxide coated on glass; the working electrode being coated with an electrochromic layer, such as a thin essentially transparent layer of tungsten oxide; the electrochromic layer being coated with an ion conducting layer, such as a thin essentially transparent layer of a perfluorosulfonate polymer; the ion conducting layer being coated with a counter electrode, such as a thin essentially transparent layer of a layer of gold. The improvement is to operate such a device in an environment of a mixture of an inert gas and the vapor of a high dielectric constant material. This can be done in a sealed double pane window by forming such a device on one of the interior surfaces of the window panes and then filling the remaining space between the panes with a mixture of nitrogen and water vapor.

Abstract translation: 一种改进的电致变色器件，其采用：工作电极，例如涂覆在玻璃上的基本上透明的铟/锡氧化物层; 工作电极涂覆有电致变色层，例如薄的基本上透明的氧化钨层; 所述电致变色层涂覆有离子传导层，例如薄的基本透明的全氟磺酸盐聚合物层; 离子传导层被涂覆有对电极，例如薄的基本上透明的金层层。 改进之处是在惰性气体和高介电常数材料的蒸汽的混合物的环境中操作这种装置。 这可以通过在窗玻璃的一个内表面上形成这种装置然后用氮和水蒸气的混合物填充玻璃板之间的剩余空间来在密封的双层玻璃窗中完成。

公开(公告)号：US4720330A

公开(公告)日：1988-01-19

申请号：US70268

申请日：1987-07-06

Applicant: Mani Shabrang ,  Daniel A. Gokey

Inventor： Mani Shabrang ,  Daniel A. Gokey

IPC: C25D5/04 ,  C25D17/00 ,  C25D7/04 ,  C25D17/12 ,  C25D21/02

CPC classification number: C25D5/04 ,  C25D17/06 ,  C25D17/12 ,  C25D21/02 ,  Y10S204/07

Abstract: The invention is a device and method for electroplating a metal workpiece having axial symmetry, such as a circular workpiece. In this invention the workpiece, which is the cathode, is rotated inside an anode structure submerged in the plating solution. Part of the rotating cathode continuously moves through a region of intense current fluxes created by passing DC current between the anode and cathode. The rotating cathode stirs the plating solution, which speeds up the plating rate. At the same time, with only part of the cathode passing continuously through the intense current flux region, the deposition process is periodically slowed down and intensified.

Abstract translation: 本发明是用于电镀具有轴对称性的金属工件的装置和方法，例如圆形工件。 在本发明中，作为阴极的工件在浸没在电镀液中的阳极结构内旋转。 旋转阴极的一部分连续移动通过在阳极和阴极之间通过直流电流而产生的强电流通量的区域。 旋转阴极搅拌电镀液，加快电镀速度。 同时，只有部分阴极连续通过强电流通量区，沉积过程周期性地减慢和加剧。

公开(公告)号：US5684619A

公开(公告)日：1997-11-04

申请号：US693427

申请日：1996-08-07

Applicant: Mani Shabrang ,  Susan J. Babinec ,  Richard D. Varjian

Inventor： Mani Shabrang ,  Susan J. Babinec ,  Richard D. Varjian

IPC: G02F1/153 ,  G02F1/155

CPC classification number: G02F1/155 ,  G02F1/1533

Abstract: An improved electrochromic device of the type having an electrochromic electrode in contact with an ion conductor, the ion conductor in turn being in contact with a layer of gold. The improvement of the instant invention is to interpose a layer of ruthenium oxide between the ion conductor and the layer of gold. The layer of ruthenium oxide is not an electrochromic material.

Abstract translation: 具有与离子导体接触的电致变色电极的类型的改进的电致变色器件，离子导体又与一层金接触。 本发明的改进是在氧离子导体和金层之间插入一层氧化钌。 氧化钌层不是电致变色材料。

公开(公告)号：US5644421A

公开(公告)日：1997-07-01

申请号：US377558

申请日：1995-01-24

Applicant: Mani Shabrang ,  Susan J. Babinec ,  Richard D. Varjian

Inventor： Mani Shabrang ,  Susan J. Babinec ,  Richard D. Varjian

IPC: G02F1/155 ,  G02F1/153

CPC classification number: G02F1/155 ,  G02F2001/1555

Abstract: An improved electrochromic device of the type having an electrochromic electrode in contact with an ion conductor, the ion conductor in turn being in contact with a layer of gold. The improvement of the instant invention is to interpose a layer of iridium oxide between the ion conductor and the layer of gold wherein the layer of iridium oxide and the layer of gold do not form an electrochromic electrode.

Abstract translation: 具有与离子导体接触的电致变色电极的类型的改进的电致变色器件，离子导体又与一层金接触。 本发明的改进是在离子导体和金层之间插入一层氧化铱，其中氧化铱层和金层不形成电致变色电极。