公开(公告)号：US08692202B2

公开(公告)日：2014-04-08

申请号：US13149709

申请日：2011-05-31

申请人： Mark A. Johnson ,  Andrew S. Parr ,  Robert D. Eckles

发明人： Mark A. Johnson ,  Andrew S. Parr ,  Robert D. Eckles

IPC分类号： G01J5/02

CPC分类号： G01N33/0009 ,  B33Y70/00 ,  B33Y80/00 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01N33/004 ,  G01N33/0098 ,  G01N2021/8466

摘要： System flow path designs that minimize the impact of gas diffusion sources and sinks. By reducing the magnitude of parasitic sources and sinks, lower rates of photosynthesis and transpiration can be more accurately measured, e.g., without the need for extensive empirical compensation. The gas exchange analysis system includes a sample chamber having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the internal surface(s) of the chamber defining the measurement volume are metal plated. The system also typically includes a source of gas coupled with the inlet of the sample chamber, and a gas analyzer coupled with the outlet of the sample chamber and configured to measure a concentration of one or more gases exiting the chamber, whereby the metal plated internal surface(s) of the chamber reduces sorption of the one or more gases within the chamber.

摘要翻译： 系统流路设计，尽量减少气体扩散源和水槽的影响。 通过减少寄生源和汇的幅度，可以更准确地测量较低的光合作用和蒸腾速率，例如，不需要广泛的经验补偿。 气体交换分析系统包括具有入口和出口的样品室，其中限定测量体积的室的内表面是金属镀覆的。 该系统还通常包括与样品室的入口耦合的气体源，以及与样品室的出口耦合的气体分析器，其被配置为测量离开室的一种或多种气体的浓度，由此内部金属镀 室的表面减少了室内的一种或多种气体的吸附。

公开(公告)号：US20120074325A1

公开(公告)日：2012-03-29

申请号：US13149709

申请日：2011-05-31

申请人： Mark A. Johnson ,  Andrew S. Parr ,  Robert D. Eckles

发明人： Mark A. Johnson ,  Andrew S. Parr ,  Robert D. Eckles

IPC分类号： G01N21/35

CPC分类号： G01N33/0009 ,  B33Y70/00 ,  B33Y80/00 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01N33/004 ,  G01N33/0098 ,  G01N2021/8466

摘要： System flow path designs that minimize the impact of gas diffusion sources and sinks. By reducing the magnitude of parasitic sources and sinks, lower rates of photosynthesis and transpiration can be more accurately measured, e.g., without the need for extensive empirical compensation. According to one aspect, a gas exchange analysis system includes a sample chamber defining a measurement volume for analysis of a sample, the sample chamber having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the internal surface(s) of the chamber defining the measurement volume are metal plated. The system also typically includes a source of gas coupled with the inlet of the sample chamber, and a gas analyzer coupled with the outlet of the sample chamber and configured to measure a concentration of one or more gases exiting the chamber, whereby the metal plated internal surface(s) of the chamber reduces sorption of the one or more gases within the chamber. The low thermal conductivity of the chamber substrate material provides an energy efficient means of sample temperature control. The low density of the chamber substrate material reduces chamber weight for improved portability and ergonomics.”

摘要翻译： 系统流路设计，尽量减少气体扩散源和水槽的影响。 通过减少寄生源和汇的幅度，可以更准确地测量较低的光合作用和蒸腾速率，例如，不需要广泛的经验补偿。 根据一个方面，一种气体交换分析系统包括：样品室，其限定用于样品分析的测量体积，所述样品室具有入口和出口，其中限定所述测量体积的所述室的内表面是金属 镀。 该系统还通常包括与样品室的入口耦合的气体源，以及与样品室的出口耦合的气体分析器，其被配置为测量离开室的一种或多种气体的浓度，由此内部金属镀 室的表面减少了室内的一种或多种气体的吸附。 室衬底材料的低热导率提供了一种能量效率的样品温度控制手段。 腔室基材材料的低密度降低了室重量，从而改善了便携性和人体工程学。

公开(公告)号：US20120074324A1

公开(公告)日：2012-03-29

申请号：US12889289

申请日：2010-09-23

申请人： Bernard Genty ,  Mark A. Johnson ,  Robert D. Eckles

发明人： Bernard Genty ,  Mark A. Johnson ,  Robert D. Eckles

IPC分类号： G01N21/35

CPC分类号： G01N21/3504 ,  G01N21/05

摘要： System flow path designs that minimize the impact of gas diffusion sources and sinks. By reducing the magnitude of parasitic sources and sinks, lower rates of photosynthesis and transpiration can be more accurately measured, e.g., without the need for extensive empirical compensation. According to one aspect, a sensor head for use in a gas exchange analysis system includes a sample chamber defining a measurement volume for analysis of a sample, the sample chamber having an inlet and an outlet, and a flow splitting mechanism located proximal to the sample chamber, the mechanism configured to split a gas flow received at an input port from a remote source to a first output port and to a second output port, wherein the first output port is coupled with the inlet of the sample chamber. The sensor head also typically includes a first gas analyzer coupled with the outlet of the sample chamber and configured to measure a concentration of one or more gases, and a second gas analyzer coupled with the second output port of the flow splitting mechanism and configured to measure a concentration of the one or more gases. Advantageously, gas diffusion sources and sinks are reduced due to the proximity of the flow splitting mechanism with the sample chamber and gas analyzers. This advantageously reduces measurement error associated with or attributable to gas diffusion sources and sinks. The proximity advantage derives from minimizing the joints, gaskets, fittings, tubing lengths, and materials all prone or susceptible to gas diffusion.

摘要翻译： 系统流路设计，尽量减少气体扩散源和水槽的影响。 通过减少寄生源和汇的幅度，可以更准确地测量较低的光合作用和蒸腾速率，例如，不需要广泛的经验补偿。 根据一个方面，用于气体交换分析系统的传感器头包括样品室，其限定用于样品分析的测量体积，样品室具有入口和出口以及位于样品附近的分流机构 所述机构被配置为将在从远程源的输入端口处接收的气流分裂到第一输出端口和第二输出端口，其中所述第一输出端口与所述样品室的入口耦合。 传感器头还通常包括与样品室的出口耦合并被配置为测量一种或多种气体的浓度的第一气体分析仪和与分流机构的第二输出端口耦合的第二气体分析器，并且被配置为测量 一种或多种气体的浓度。 有利的是，由于分流机构与样品室和气体分析器的接近，气体扩散源和水槽被减少。 这有利地减少了与气体扩散源和吸收器相关联或归因于气体扩散源和吸收器的测量误差。 接近的优点来自于使接头，垫圈，接头，管道长度以及易于气体扩散的材料最小化。

公开(公告)号：US08610072B2

公开(公告)日：2013-12-17

申请号：US12889289

申请日：2010-09-23

申请人： Bernard Genty ,  Mark A. Johnson ,  Robert D. Eckles

发明人： Bernard Genty ,  Mark A. Johnson ,  Robert D. Eckles

IPC分类号： G01N21/35

CPC分类号： G01N21/3504 ,  G01N21/05

摘要： System flow path designs that minimize the impact of gas diffusion sources and sinks. By reducing the magnitude of parasitic sources and sinks, lower rates of photosynthesis and transpiration can be more accurately measured, e.g., without the need for extensive empirical compensation. According to one aspect, a sensor head for use in a gas exchange analysis system includes a sample chamber defining a measurement volume for analysis of a sample, the sample chamber having an inlet and an outlet, and a flow splitting mechanism located proximal to the sample chamber, the mechanism configured to split a gas flow received at an input port from a remote source to a first output port and to a second output port, wherein the first output port is coupled with the inlet of the sample chamber. The sensor head also typically includes a first gas analyzer coupled with the outlet of the sample chamber and configured to measure a concentration of one or more gases, and a second gas analyzer coupled with the second output port of the flow splitting mechanism and configured to measure a concentration of the one or more gases. Advantageously, gas diffusion sources and sinks are reduced due to the proximity of the flow splitting mechanism with the sample chamber and gas analyzers. This advantageously reduces measurement error associated with or attributable to gas diffusion sources and sinks. The proximity advantage derives from minimizing the joints, gaskets, fittings, tubing lengths, and materials all prone or susceptible to gas diffusion.

摘要翻译： 系统流路设计，尽量减少气体扩散源和水槽的影响。 通过减少寄生源和汇的幅度，可以更准确地测量较低的光合作用和蒸腾速率，例如，不需要广泛的经验补偿。 根据一个方面，用于气体交换分析系统的传感器头包括样品室，其限定用于样品分析的测量体积，样品室具有入口和出口以及位于样品附近的分流机构 所述机构被配置为将在从远程源的输入端口处接收的气流分裂到第一输出端口和第二输出端口，其中所述第一输出端口与所述样品室的入口耦合。 传感器头还通常包括与样品室的出口耦合并被配置为测量一种或多种气体的浓度的第一气体分析仪和与分流机构的第二输出端口耦合的第二气体分析器，并且被配置为测量 一种或多种气体的浓度。 有利的是，由于分流机构与样品室和气体分析器的接近，气体扩散源和水槽被减少。 这有利地减少了与气体扩散源和吸收器相关联或归因于气体扩散源和吸收器的测量误差。 接近的优点来自于使接头，垫圈，接头，管道长度以及易于气体扩散的材料最小化。

公开(公告)号：US20110304105A1

公开(公告)日：2011-12-15

申请号：US12815214

申请日：2010-06-14

申请人： Mark A. Johnson ,  Andrew Steven Parr

发明人： Mark A. Johnson ,  Andrew Steven Parr

IPC分类号： F16J15/10

CPC分类号： F16J15/102

摘要： Gaskets are provided for use in gas exchange measurement systems used for photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration measurements. Novel gaskets and gasket designs are provided, including composite gasket designs, along with corresponding construction techniques, which effectively provide low diffusion through bulk material, significant reductions in interfacial diffusion, sufficient compliance to conform to surface irregularities under low applied stresses, and/or low sorption properties, particularly of H2O vapor.

摘要翻译： 提供垫圈用于用于光合作用，呼吸和蒸腾测量的气体交换测量系统。 提供新型的垫圈和垫片设计，包括复合垫片设计，以及相应的施工技术，其有效地通过散装材料提供低扩散，显着降低界面扩散，足够的顺应性以符合低施加应力下的表面不规则性和/或低 吸附特性，特别是H2O蒸气。

公开(公告)号：US07853524B2

公开(公告)日：2010-12-14

申请号：US10025897

申请日：2001-12-26

申请人： Peter J. Kight ,  Mark A. Johnson ,  Tamara K. Christenson ,  Regina Lach ,  Philip Pointer ,  Kenneth Cook

发明人： Peter J. Kight ,  Mark A. Johnson ,  Tamara K. Christenson ,  Regina Lach ,  Philip Pointer ,  Kenneth Cook

IPC分类号： G06Q40/00

CPC分类号： G06Q30/04 ,  G06Q20/04 ,  G06Q20/042 ,  G06Q20/0425 ,  G06Q20/10 ,  G06Q20/102 ,  G06Q20/14 ,  G06Q20/385 ,  G06Q40/02 ,  G06Q40/025

摘要： Systems and methods for selecting a form for crediting a payee by a payment service provider include receiving a request to pay a payee on behalf of a payer. A form for crediting the payee is selected based on at least one of a comparison of a payer account number associated with the payer and the payee to a merchant account scheme associated with the payee or a comparison of a payment amount associated with the received request to a merchant credit limit associated with the payee. A payment is directed to the payee in accordance with the selected form for crediting.

摘要翻译： 用于选择由支付服务提供商记入收款人的表单的系统和方法包括接收代表付款人支付收款人的请求。 基于与付款人相关联的付款人帐号与收款人与收款人相关联的商家帐户方案的比较中的至少一项或与所接收到的请求相关联的支付金额的比较中的至少一个来选择用于记入收款人的表单， 与收款人相关联的商家信用额度。 根据所选择的表格向付款人发送付款。

公开(公告)号：US20100218426A1

公开(公告)日：2010-09-02

申请号：US12777649

申请日：2010-05-11

申请人： Mark A. Johnson

发明人： Mark A. Johnson

IPC分类号： E06B7/00

CPC分类号： E06B7/367

摘要： A safety system for a door-to-door jamb interface is provided. The safety interface uses several slidably joined members which are coupled to the door and its associated door jamb to prevent interaction between a user and the door-to-door jamb interface.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种门到门侧柱接口的安全系统。 安全接口使用几个可滑动连接的构件，其联接到门及其相关联的门边框，以防止使用者和门对门侧面接口之间的相互作用。

公开(公告)号：US07568374B2

公开(公告)日：2009-08-04

申请号：US11637201

申请日：2006-12-11

申请人： Mark A. Johnson ,  Andrew G. Ragatz ,  Rex A. Peterson

发明人： Mark A. Johnson ,  Andrew G. Ragatz ,  Rex A. Peterson

IPC分类号： G01N33/24

CPC分类号： G01N1/2294

摘要： A gas flux chamber assembly is provided that includes a lift-and-rotate mechanism and a chamber. The chamber is moved between first and second positions, wherein the chamber is positioned over a sample in the first position and is positioned outside of an area above the sample in the second position. In operation, the chamber is first lifted off of the collar and is then rotated, about a rotational axis outside of the area above the collar. These acts are reversed to move the chamber from the second position to the first position.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种气体通量室组件，其包括提升和旋转机构和室。 腔室在第一和第二位置之间移动，其中腔室位于第一位置上的样品上方并且位于第二位置处的样品之上的区域的外部。 在操作中，腔室首先从套环上提起，然后围绕轴环上方的区域外的旋转轴线旋转。 这些动作被反转以将房间从第二位置移动到第一位置。

公开(公告)号：US07383226B2

公开(公告)日：2008-06-03

申请号：US10608548

申请日：2003-12-01

申请人： Peter J. Kight ,  William C. Kitchen ,  Mark A. Johnson

发明人： Peter J. Kight ,  William C. Kitchen ,  Mark A. Johnson

IPC分类号： G06Q40/00

CPC分类号： G06Q30/04 ,  G06Q20/04 ,  G06Q20/0855 ,  G06Q20/10 ,  G06Q20/102 ,  G06Q20/108 ,  G06Q20/14 ,  G06Q20/385 ,  G06Q40/00 ,  G06Q40/02 ,  G06Q40/025 ,  G06Q40/04 ,  G06Q40/06

摘要： To electronically present and pay bills, bill information representing a plurality of bills of a plurality of billers for a plurality of payors is transmitted to the plurality of payors. The transmitted bill information includes first information representing a first of the plurality of bills of a first of the plurality of billers for a first of the plurality of payors. A payment instruction from the first payor to pay the first bill, based on the transmitted first information, is received. A risk associated with payment of the first bill is determined and a debit type is selected based upon the determined risk. A payment of the first bill to the first biller is initiated based on the received payment instruction and to the selected debit type.

摘要翻译： 为了电子地呈现和支付账单，代表多个付款人的多个账单的多个账单的账单信息被发送到多个支付者。 传送的帐单信息包括表示多个付款者中的第一个的多个帐单中的第一个的多个账单中的第一个的第一信息。 收到来自第一付款人的付款指示，以支付第一帐单，基于所传送的第一信息。 确定与支付第一个账单相关的风险，并根据确定的风险选择借方类型。 基于所接收的支付指令和所选择的借方类型，启动对第一帐单的第一个账单的支付。

公开(公告)号：USD549560S1

公开(公告)日：2007-08-28

申请号：US29276312

申请日：2007-01-22

申请人： Mike Y. Daikubara ,  Mark A. Johnson

设计人： Mike Y. Daikubara ,  Mark A. Johnson