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    Method and apparatus for clustering a collection of linked documents using co-citation analysis
    2.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for clustering a collection of linked documents using co-citation analysis 失效
    使用共同引用分析对链接文档集合进行聚类的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US06038574A

    公开(公告)日：2000-03-14

    申请号：US44693

    申请日：1998-03-18

    申请人： James E. Pitkow ,  Peter L. Pirolli ,  Jock D. Mackinlay ,  Stuart K. Card

    发明人： James E. Pitkow ,  Peter L. Pirolli ,  Jock D. Mackinlay ,  Stuart K. Card

    IPC分类号： G06F17/30 ,  G06F17/21

    CPC分类号： G06F17/3061 ,  Y10S707/99935 ,  Y10S707/99943

    摘要： The method and apparatus of the present invention generates clusters of documents in a collection of linked documents based on co-citation analysis. The frequency linkage is determined for each document in the collection. In other words, the number of times each document is linked to by another document in the collection is determined. Further, a minimum frequency linkage (link frequency threshold) is specified based on a predetermined minimum frequency of document linkage. Additionally, a list of pairs of documents that are linked to by the same document is created so that each of the pairs of documents has a count of the number of times (co-citation frequency) that they are both linked to by another document. Pairs of linked documents are clustered using a suitable co-citation technique.

    摘要翻译： 本发明的方法和装置基于共同引用分析，在链接文档的集合中生成文档集合。 为集合中的每个文档确定频率联系。 换句话说，确定集合中另一个文档链接到每个文档的次数。 此外，基于文档链接的预定最小频率来指定最小频率链接（链接频率阈值）。 此外，创建由相同文档链接到的文档对的列表，使得每对文档具有它们被另一个文档链接的次数（共同引用频率）的计数。 使用合适的共引用技术将对的链接文档聚类。

    Systems and methods for effective attention shifting
    3.
    发明授权
    Systems and methods for effective attention shifting 有权
    有效注意力转移的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US08307296B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-11-06

    申请号：US10687486

    申请日：2003-10-17

    申请人： Jock D. Mackinlay ,  Stuart K. Card

    发明人： Jock D. Mackinlay ,  Stuart K. Card

    IPC分类号： G06F3/048 ,  G06F17/00

    CPC分类号： G06F3/011 ,  G06F3/048

    摘要： Techniques are provided to improve communication through selective display of attention shifting display elements. A focus of attention is determined, display events located and attention shifting display elements displayed. The attention shifting display elements suggest display events as candidate foci of attention based on the display event, the display event location and the distance from the focus of attention. Attention shifting display elements are composed of attention directing portions, and optional attention attracting and informing portions. The attention directing portions help direct attention across distances and help attract attention to a point. The informing portions indicate availability of information associated with the display event occurring outside the focus of attention. The attention directing, attention attracting and informing portions of an attention shifting display element are associated with dynamic or periphery of attention based display attributes, static or focus of attention based display attributes or a combination of the two.

    摘要翻译： 提供了通过选择性地显示注意力移动显示元件来改善通信的技术。 确定关注的焦点，显示事件和关注移动显示元素显示。 注意偏移显示元件基于显示事件，显示事件位置和与注意焦点的距离来将显示事件建议为候选焦点。 注意移位显示元件由注意指引部分和可选的注意吸引和通知部分组成。 注意力引导部分有助于直接关注距离，并有助于引起注意。 通知部分指示与在关注焦点之外发生的显示事件相关联的信息的可用性。 关注转移显示元件的注意力引导，注意力吸引和通知部分与基于注意的显示属性的动态或外围相关联，基于注意力的显示属性的静态或焦点或两者的组合。

    Systems and method for turning pages in a three-dimensional electronic document
    4.
    发明授权
    Systems and method for turning pages in a three-dimensional electronic document 失效
    在三维电子文档中翻页的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US07667703B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-02-23

    申请号：US10739175

    申请日：2003-12-19

    申请人： Lichan Hong ,  Stuart K. Card ,  Jock D. Mackinlay

    发明人： Lichan Hong ,  Stuart K. Card ,  Jock D. Mackinlay

    IPC分类号： G06T15/70

    CPC分类号： G06T19/00 ,  G06T13/20

    摘要： A system and method for turning pages of a three-dimensional electronic book. A closed three-dimensional electronic book is modeled as at least one three-dimensional object having length, width and thickness dimensions. An opened three-dimensional book electronic is modeled as at least two three-dimensional objects having length, width and thickness dimensions, representing the left side of the opened book and the right side of the opened book. The page(s) to be turned is modeled as at least a three-dimensional object having length, width and thickness dimensions. The cross-section parallelogram having a width dimension and a thickness dimension based on the width and thickness dimensions of the closed three-dimensional electronic book, and a user-selected number of page(s) to be turned. Page turning of a three-dimensional electronic book is modeled as a dynamic animation showing the concurrent movement of three three-dimensional objects representing the left side pages block, the right side pages block, and the pages(s) to be turned.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于翻转三维电子书页面的系统和方法。 闭合的三维电子书被建模为具有长度，宽度和厚度尺寸的至少一个三维物体。 打开的三维书籍电子被建模为具有长度，宽度和厚度尺寸的至少两个三维物体，代表打开的书的左侧和打开的书的右侧。 要转动的页面被建模为至少具有长度，宽度和厚度尺寸的三维对象。 横截面平行四边形具有基于封闭的三维电子书的宽度和厚度尺寸的宽度尺寸和厚度尺寸以及要转动的用户选择的页数。 三维电子书的页面转动被建模为动画动画，示出了表示左侧页面块，右侧页面块和要转动的页面的三个三维对象的并行移动。

    Usage based methods of traversing and displaying generalized graph structures
    5.
    发明授权
    Usage based methods of traversing and displaying generalized graph structures 失效
    基于使用的遍历和显示广义图结构的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06509898B2

    公开(公告)日：2003-01-21

    申请号：US09062341

    申请日：1998-04-17

    申请人： Ed H. Chi ,  Peter L. T. Pirolli ,  James E. Pitkow ,  Rich Gossweller ,  Jock D. Mackinlay ,  Stuart K. Card

    发明人： Ed H. Chi ,  Peter L. T. Pirolli ,  James E. Pitkow ,  Rich Gossweller ,  Jock D. Mackinlay ,  Stuart K. Card

    IPC分类号： G06T1120

    CPC分类号： G06F17/30882 ,  G06F17/30014 ,  G06F17/30855 ,  Y10S707/99933

    摘要： A method for generating a tree structure representation of a generalized graph structure for display includes the more important links in the representation. Usage parameters are referenced in generating the tree structure from the generalized graph structure. Frequency, recency, spacing of accesses, and path information are exemplary types of usage parameters. A breadth-first or depth-first traversal of the graph references usage parameters associated with each node or link. The usage parameters which are associated with each node are referenced in order to determine the visitation order. The visitation order is determined by visiting the highest used nodes or links first. A method of displaying the tree structure references the usage parameters to determine the positioning of the nodes in the layout of the tree structure. In a preferred embodiment, the root node is positioned in the center of the layout. In one example, sibling nodes are spread out on links which emanate radially about their parent. The highest-used sibling nodes can be placed farthest apart from each other so as to achieve optimal separation so that they have the most growth space. The lowest-used nodes are then placed in the remaining space between the high-usage nodes. In another example, sibling nodes are positioned at the same radius from the root node. Each leaf node in the hierarchy is assigned the same amount of angular space. The layout angle of each node is a function of the ranking of the node's usage parameter relative to its siblings. Derived usage parameters such as need probability, cocitation clustering, or functions of both node and link usages can alternatively be referenced.

    摘要翻译： 用于生成用于显示的广义图形结构的树结构表示的方法包括表示中更重要的链接。 从广义图结构生成树结构时引用使用参数。 频率，新近度，访问间隔和路径信息是使用参数的示例性类型。 图的宽度优先或深度优先遍历引用与每个节点或链接相关联的使用参数。 引用与每个节点相关联的使用参数，以确定访问顺序。 访问次序通过首先访问最高使用的节点或链接来确定。 显示树结构的方法引用使用参数来确定节点在树结构的布局中的定位。 在优选实施例中，根节点位于布局的中心。 在一个示例中，兄弟节点被散布在围绕其父节点辐射的链接上。 最高使用的兄弟节点可以彼此离开最远，以便实现最佳分离，使其具有最大的生长空间。 然后将最低使用的节点放置在高使用率节点之间的剩余空间中。 在另一个示例中，兄弟节点位于与根节点相同的半径处。 层次结构中的每个叶节点被分配相同的角度空间量。 每个节点的布局角度是节点的使用参数相对于其兄弟姐妹的排序的函数。 替代地可以引用派生的使用参数，例如需求概率，串联聚类或节点和链接使用的功能。

    Systems and method for annotating pages in a three-dimensional electronic document
    6.
    发明授权
    Systems and method for annotating pages in a three-dimensional electronic document 有权
    用于在三维电子文档中注释页面的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US07148905B2

    公开(公告)日：2006-12-12

    申请号：US10739213

    申请日：2003-12-19

    申请人： Lichan Hong ,  Stuart K. Card ,  Jock D. Mackinlay

    发明人： Lichan Hong ,  Stuart K. Card ,  Jock D. Mackinlay

    IPC分类号： G09G5/00 ,  G06F15/00 ,  G06K9/36

    CPC分类号： G06F17/241

    摘要： A system and method for annotating three-dimensional electronic documents. A user specifies, on a two-dimensional screen, a portion of a page of a three-dimensional document as a specific page area to be annotated. The annotation is displayed to the user with the transparent polygon technique, the vertex coloring technique and/or the texture coloring technique. These display techniques support highlighting annotations, free-form annotations, and text annotations.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于注释三维电子文档的系统和方法。 用户在二维屏幕上指定三维文档的页面的一部分作为要注释的特定页面区域。 使用透明多边形技术，顶点着色技术和/或纹理着色技术向用户显示注释。 这些显示技术支持突出显示注释，自由格式注释和文本注释。

    Methods for visualizing transformations among related series of graphs
    7.
    发明授权
    Methods for visualizing transformations among related series of graphs 失效
    在相关系列图中可视化转换的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06369819B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-04-09

    申请号：US09062513

    申请日：1998-04-17

    申请人： James E. Pitkow ,  Peter L. T. Pirolli ,  Ed H. Chi ,  Stuart K. Card ,  Jock D. Mackinlay ,  Rich Gossweller

    发明人： James E. Pitkow ,  Peter L. T. Pirolli ,  Ed H. Chi ,  Stuart K. Card ,  Jock D. Mackinlay ,  Rich Gossweller

    IPC分类号： G06T1120

    CPC分类号： G06F17/3089 ,  Y10S707/99933

    摘要： A method for displaying in a coherent manner the changes over time of a web site's structure, usage, and content is disclosed. Time tubes are generated by a method of displaying a related series of graphs. Time tubes illustrate changes in a graph that undergoes one or more transformations from one state to another. The transformations are displayed using the length of the cylindrical tube, filling the length of the time tube with planar slices which represent the data at various stages of the transformations. Time tubes may encode several dimensions of the transformations simultaneously by altering the representation of size, color, and layout among the planar slices. Temporal transformations occur when web pages are added or deleted over time. Value-based transformations include node colors, which may be used to encode a specific page's usage parameter. Spatial transformations include the scaling of physical dimension as graphs expand or contract in size. The states of a graph at various times are represented as a series of related graphs. In a preferred embodiment, an inventory of all existing nodes is performed so as to generate a list of all nodes that have existed at any time. This inventory is used to produce a layout template in which each unique node is assigned a unique layout position. To produce each planar slice, the specific nodes which exist in the slice are placed at their respective positions assigned in the layout template. In another aspect, corresponding nodes in planar slices are linked, such as with translucent streamlines, in response to a user selecting a node in a planar slice by placing his cursor over the selected node, or to show clustering of two or more nodes in one planar slice into a single node in an adjacent planar slice.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种以连贯的方式显示网站结构，使用和内容随时间变化的方法。 时间管是通过显示相关系列图的方法产生的。 时间管示出了经历从一个状态到另一个状态的一个或多个变换的图中的变化。 使用圆柱形管的长度显示变换，用表示在转化的各个阶段的数据的平面切片填充时间管的长度。 时间管可以通过改变平面切片之间的尺寸，颜色和布局的表示来同时编码变换的多个维度。 随着时间的推移，网页被添加或删除时，会发生时间变换。 基于值的变换包括节点颜色，可用于对特定页面的使用参数进行编码。 空间变换包括随着图形扩大或缩小大小的物理维度的缩放。 不同时间的图形状态表示为一系列相关图形。 在优选实施例中，执行所有现有节点的清单以便生成在任何时间已经存在的所有节点的列表。 此清单用于生成布局模板，其中每个唯一节点被分配唯一的布局位置。 为了产生每个平面切片，存在于切片中的特定节点被放置在分配在布局模板中的它们各自的位置。 在另一方面，响应于用户通过将其光标放置在所选择的节点上来选择平面切片中的节点，或者在一个平面切片中的两个或更多个节点的聚类，平面切片中的对应节点（例如具有半透明流线）被链接 平面切片分成相邻平面切片中的单个节点。

    Methods for interactive visualization of spreading activation using time tubes and disk trees
    8.
    发明授权
    Methods for interactive visualization of spreading activation using time tubes and disk trees 失效

    公开(公告)号：US6151595A

    公开(公告)日：2000-11-21

    申请号：US062540

    申请日：1998-04-17

    申请人： Peter L. T. Pirolli ,  James E. Pitkow ,  Ed H. Chi ,  Stuart K. Card ,  Jock D. Mackinlay ,  Rich Gossweller

    发明人： Peter L. T. Pirolli ,  James E. Pitkow ,  Ed H. Chi ,  Stuart K. Card ,  Jock D. Mackinlay ,  Rich Gossweller

    IPC分类号： G06F17/30

    CPC分类号： G06F17/30882 ,  G06F17/30014 ,  G06F17/30855 ,  Y10S707/99931 ,  Y10S707/99932 ,  Y10S707/99933 ,  Y10S707/99953

    摘要： Methods for displaying results of a spreading activation algorithm and for defining an activation input vector for the spreading activation algorithm are disclosed. A planar disk tree is used to represent the generalized graph structure being modeled in a spreading activation algorithm. Activation bars on some or all nodes of the planar disk tree in the dimension perpendicular to the disk tree encode the final activation level resulting at the end of N iterations of the spreading activation algorithm. The number of nodes for which activation bars are displayed may be a predetermined number, a predetermine fraction of all nodes, or a determined by a predetermined activation level threshold. The final activation levels resulting from activation spread through more than one flow network corresponding to the same generalized graph are displayed as color encoded segments on the activation bars. Content, usage, topology, or recommendation flow networks may be used for spreading activation. The difference between spreading activation through different flow networks corresponding to the same generalized graph may be displayed by subtracting the resulting activation patterns from each network and displaying the difference. The spreading activation input vector is determined by continually measuring the dwell time that the user's cursor spends on a displayed node. Activation vectors at various intermediate steps of the N-step spreading activation algorithm are color encoded onto nodes of disk trees within time tubes. The activation input vector and the activation vectors resulting from all N steps are displayed in a time tube having N+1 planar disk trees. Alternatively, a periodic subset of all N activation vectors are displayed, or a subset showing planar disk trees representing large changes in activation levels or phase shifts are displayed while planar disk trees representing smaller changes in activation levels are not displayed.