摘要:
Driving and driven wheel velocities of a vehicle are detected by wheel velocity sensors, and a change in driven wheel velocities as a function of time is detected to obtain a driven wheel acceleration by the vehicle acceleration calculating section. A reference target torque is calculated on the basis of the driven wheel acceleration. A slip value of the driving wheels is calculated on the basis of the driving and driven wheel velocities, and a correction torque corresponding to the slip value is calculated every predetermined sampling time at TSn calculating section and TPn calculating section. The correction torque is substracted from the reference target torque to obtain a target engine torque. An engine output is controlled to obtain the target engine torque.
摘要:
A driving and driven wheel velocity are detected by wheel velocity sensors. A reference velocity is set on the basis of the driven wheel velocity. A slip value of the driving wheel on the basis of a difference between the driving wheel velocity and reference velocity. A target output torque of an engine is set in accordance with the slip value of the driving wheel. The target output torque is corrected in accordance with a lateral acceleration generated in a widthwise direction of the vehicle. An output of the engine is controlled to reach the corrected target output torque.
摘要:
A first slip value detecting section detects slip values of the driving wheels on the basis of differences between the outputs from a selected driving wheel velocity and a reference velocity. And a second slip value detecting section detects slip values of the driving wheels on the basis of differences between the outputs from a driving wheel velocity detecting section and the reference velocity. And an engine output is controlled in accordance with the slip values detected by the first slip value detecting section. And braking force is controlled in accordance with the slip values detected by the second slip value detecting section.
摘要:
The slip values DVR, DVL of the right and left driving wheels are respectively detected. The left braking control means control the left driving wheel in accordance with a correction slip value DVFL of the left driving wheel calculated by the following equation on the basis of the slip values DVL, DVR and the coefficient KB set by the coefficient setting means.DVFL=KB.multidot.DVL+(1-KB).multidot.DVRThe right braking control means control the right driving wheel in accordance with a correction slip value DVFR of the right driving wheel calculated by the following equation on the basis of the slip values DVR, DVL and the coefficent KB:DVFR=KB.multidot.DVR+(1-KB).multidot.DVL.
摘要:
A charging roll which is held in contact with an outer circumferential surface of an image bearing medium for charging the surface of the image bearing medium by application of a DC voltage and an AC voltage which is superimposed on the DC voltage, the charging roll comprising: a center shaft; an electrically conductive base layer formed on an outer circumferential surface of the shaft; an outer structure formed on an outer circumferential surface of the conductive base layer; and the charging roll having Asker C hardness of less than 48 degrees as measured upon application of 1 kg load thereto and micro rubber hardness in a range of 65-85 degrees as measured upon application of 33.85 g load thereto.
摘要:
A cruise control device is provided with a vehicle speed sensor for detecting the actual vehicle speed, and an electronic controller for controlling the opening of the throttle valve based on the detected vehicle speed, to bring the vehicle speed close to a target vehicle speed. The electronic controller serves to obtain a vehicle speed deviation between the target vehicle speed set by a set switch and the actual vehicle speed, select one of a P control mode, a P/D control mode and a fuzzy control mode corresponding to the magnitude of the vehicle speed deviation, and control the opening of the throttle valve. In addition to these functions, the electronic controller may additionally have the function of estimating a change in the vehicle speed provided that the current opening of the throttle valve is maintained, to obtain a correction value for the vehicle speed so that a corrected vehicle speed corrected by the correction value is used to control the opening of the throttle valve. Further, in the case of a vehicle provided with an automatic transmission, a shift diagram applied to a cruise control mode may be prepared in addition to the shift diagram for the automatic transmission itself, so that the electronic controller may have the function of effecting a shifting of the gear ratios of the automatic transmission.
摘要:
A charging roll is provided which does not cause image defects even when being used for a long period of time and does not allow a surface layer to be separated when an electrophotographic machine is operated after the charging roll installed therein is left under high temperature and humidity conditions. A charging roll includes a shaft, an electrically conductive rubber foam layer formed on an outer circumferential surface of the shaft, and a surface layer formed radially outwardly of the electrically conductive rubber foam layer. The electrically conductive rubber foam layer includes a skin layer having an opening area ratio of from 0.5 to 20% at a superficial layer of the electrically conductive rubber foam layer, and the surface layer is formed of a synthetic resin composition mainly composed of a synthetic resin material having a glass transition temperature of from 0 to 45° C.
摘要:
A charging roll comprising a center shaft an electrically conductive rubber layer formed on an outer circumferential surface of the center shaft and having a relatively low hardness a resistance adjusting layer formed radially outwardly of the conductive rubber layer and a protective layer formed radially outwardly of the resistance adjusting layer. The resistance adjusting layer is formed of a rubber composition prepared by mixing a rubber material with particles of an electron-conductive material and particles of an electrically insulating material. The rubber composition comprises 10-50 parts by weight of the electrically insulating material per 100 parts by weight of the electron-conductive material.
摘要:
A cruise control device is provided with a vehicle speed sensor for detecting the actual vehicle speed, and an electronic controller for controlling the opening of the throttle valve based on the detected vehicle speed, to bring the vehicle speed close to a target vehicle speed. The electronic controller serves to obtain a vehicle speed deviation between the target vehicle speed set by a set switch and the actual vehicle speed, select one of a P control mode, a P/D control mode and a fuzzy control mode corresponding to the magnitude of the vehicle speed deviation, and control the opening of the throttle valve. In addition to these functions, the electronic controller may additionally have the function of estimating a change in the vehicle speed provided that the current opening of the throttle valve is maintained, to obtain a correction value for the vehicle speed so that a corrected vehicle speed corrected by the correction value is used to control the opening of the throttle valve. Further, in the case of a vehicle provided with an automatic transmission, a shift diagram applied to a cruise control mode may be prepared in addition to the shift diagram for the automatic transmission itself, so that the electronic controller may have the function of effecting a shifting of the gear ratios of the automatic transmission.
摘要:
A cruise control device is provided with a vehicle speed sensor for detecting the actual vehicle speed, and an electronic controller for controlling the opening of the throttle valve based on the detected vehicle speed, to bring the vehicle speed close to a target vehicle speed. The electronic controller serves to obtain a vehicle speed deviation between the target vehicle speed set by a set switch and the actual vehicle speed, select one of a P control mode, a P/D control mode and a fuzzy control mode corresponding to the magnitude of the vehicle speed deviation, and control the opening of the throttle valve. In addition to these functions, the electronic controller may additionally have the function of estimating a change in the vehicle speed provided that the current opening of the throttle valve is maintained, to obtain a correction value for the vehicle speed so that a corrected vehicle speed corrected by the correction value is used to control the opening of the throttle valve. Further, in the case of a vehicle provided with an automatic transmission, a shift diagram applied to a cruise control mode may be prepared in addition to the shift diagram for the automatic transmission itself, so that the electronic controller may have the function of effecting a shifting of the gear ratios of the automatic transmission.