摘要:
This invention has traction control means having slip detecting means for detecting slipping of driving wheels, in accordance with an output signal from the driving wheel velocity detecting means and an output signal from the vehicle body velocity detecting means, and output rate calculating means for generating first instruction A for controlling engine output, in order to immediately decrease a slip rate, based on a slip start signal from the slip detecting means and for, when the slip rate is decreased to a predetermined value, generating second instruction B for controlling the engine to provide an output according to friction coefficient .mu. between a road surface and wheels, and engine output control means for controlling engine output on the basis of the first and second instructions and vehicle operating conditions.
摘要:
Driving and driven wheel velocities of a vehicle are detected by wheel velocity sensors, and a change in driven wheel velocities as a function of time is detected to obtain a driven wheel acceleration by the vehicle acceleration calculating section. A reference target torque is calculated on the basis of the driven wheel acceleration. A slip value of the driving wheels is calculated on the basis of the driving and driven wheel velocities, and a correction torque corresponding to the slip value is calculated every predetermined sampling time at TSn calculating section and TPn calculating section. The correction torque is substracted from the reference target torque to obtain a target engine torque. An engine output is controlled to obtain the target engine torque.
摘要:
A driving and driven wheel velocity are detected by wheel velocity sensors. A reference velocity is set on the basis of the driven wheel velocity. A slip value of the driving wheel on the basis of a difference between the driving wheel velocity and reference velocity. A target output torque of an engine is set in accordance with the slip value of the driving wheel. The target output torque is corrected in accordance with a lateral acceleration generated in a widthwise direction of the vehicle. An output of the engine is controlled to reach the corrected target output torque.
摘要:
A first slip value detecting section detects slip values of the driving wheels on the basis of differences between the outputs from a selected driving wheel velocity and a reference velocity. And a second slip value detecting section detects slip values of the driving wheels on the basis of differences between the outputs from a driving wheel velocity detecting section and the reference velocity. And an engine output is controlled in accordance with the slip values detected by the first slip value detecting section. And braking force is controlled in accordance with the slip values detected by the second slip value detecting section.
摘要:
The slip values DVR, DVL of the right and left driving wheels are respectively detected. The left braking control means control the left driving wheel in accordance with a correction slip value DVFL of the left driving wheel calculated by the following equation on the basis of the slip values DVL, DVR and the coefficient KB set by the coefficient setting means.DVFL=KB.multidot.DVL+(1-KB).multidot.DVRThe right braking control means control the right driving wheel in accordance with a correction slip value DVFR of the right driving wheel calculated by the following equation on the basis of the slip values DVR, DVL and the coefficent KB:DVFR=KB.multidot.DVR+(1-KB).multidot.DVL.
摘要:
A control apparatus for controlling the output of a vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine. The control apparatus includes a torque control unit and an electronic control unit, is electrically connected to various sensors for detecting the running conditions of the vehicle, and is capable of controlling, e.g., the operations of a throttle valve and an ignition plug, to thereby control the driving torque of the engine. The control apparatus calculates a reference driving torque of the engine on the basis of the vehicle speed, and also calculates a slippage of the driving wheels on the basis of a deviation of peripheral speed between the driving and driven wheels. A correction torque for the reference driving torque, which is calculated by the control apparatus on the basis of the detected slippage, is subjected to restriction in accordance with the vehicle running conditions, and the reference driving torque is corrected in accordance with the restricted correction torque, to obtain a target driving torque. Thus, the control apparatus controls the operations of the throttle valve and ignition plug such that the actual driving torque of the engine coincides with the target driving torque.
摘要:
An engine output controlling system for a vehicle by which a driving torque produced by the engine is utilized effectively and such a possible slip of a driving wheel the vehicle that makes driving of the vehicle difficult. The system detects a slipping condition of the driving wheel, sets an aimed driving torque of the engine in accordance with the slipping condition thus detected, and controls the engine to generate the aimed driving torque thus set and controls the engine to retard the ignition timing thereof when the detected slipping condition is excessively great. The system obtains a slip changing rate of the driving wheel, and sets a retard amount, with which the ignition timing is to be retarded, in accordance with the slip changing rate detected.
摘要:
A control apparatus for controlling the output of a vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine. The control apparatus includes a torque control unit and an electronic control unit, is electrically connected to various sensors for detecting the running conditions of the vehicle, and is capable of controlling, e.g., the operations of a throttle valve and an ignition plug, to thereby control the driving torque of the engine. The control apparatus calculates a reference driving torque of the engine on the basis of the vehicle speed, and also calculates a slippage of the driving wheels on the basis of a deviation of peripheral speed between the driving and driven wheels. A correction torque for the reference driving torque, which is calculated by the control apparatus on the basis of the detected slippage, is subjected to restriction in accordance with the vehicle running conditions, and the reference driving torque is corrected in accordance with the restricted correction torque, to obtain a target driving torque. Thus, the control apparatus controls the operations of the throttle valve and ignition plug such that the actual driving torque of the engine coincides with the target driving torque.
摘要:
A process for producing a semi-solidified slurry of an iron alloy including the steps of pouring a melt of an iron alloy into a semi-solidified slurry producing vessel 30 and cooling the melt therein to obtain a semi-solidified slurry having a crystallized solid phase and a residual liquid phase, wherein a hypereutectoid or hypoeutectic cast iron composition containing 0.8-4.3 wt. % C is used as a material, a melt of the composition is poured into the semi-solidified slurry producing vessel in a predetermined amount at a time, a temperature of the melt when poured into the semi-solidified slurry producing vessel is controlled to be not lower than a crystallization initiation temperature of the composition and not greater than a temperature that is 50° C. higher than the crystallization initiation temperature, and a cooling rate of the melt poured into the semi-solidified slurry producing vessel is controlled not to exceed 20° C. per minute.
摘要:
A mold includes a first groove part and a second groove part. The first groove part extends with a constant length or a constant width from a center part to an outer circumferential part of the mold. The second groove part extends from a terminal end of the first groove part on an outer circumferential part side of the first groove and merges with any portion of the first groove part. A molding manufacturing method includes manufacturing a preform by semimolten die casting or semisolid die casting using the mold. The method may also include removing a portion of the preform corresponding to the second groove part.