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公开(公告)号：US5112215A
公开(公告)日：1992-05-12
申请号：US724540
申请日：1991-06-20
CPC分类号： F23N5/003 , F23N5/082 , F23N2025/10 , F23N5/08
摘要： Disclosed is a system for regulating the efficiency of a combustion process by detecting radiant energy emitted from ash particles entrained in the gas stream exiting the combustion chamber of a boiler or incinerator. The intensity of selected wavelengths of light emitted from the particles is indicative of the temperature of the particles. The change in the intensities of the selected wavelengths of light, and thus of the temperature of the gas stream at the furnace exit, is monitored, and a feedback control mechanism is used to regulate one or more combustion, pollution control, or heat transfer parameters thereby maximizing the thermal efficiency of the combustion process in the boiler or incinerator.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于通过检测从夹在锅炉或焚化炉的燃烧室的气流中夹带的灰分颗粒发出的辐射能来调节燃烧过程的效率的系统。 从颗粒发射的光的选定波长的强度表示颗粒的温度。 监测所选择的波长的光的强度的变化以及因此在炉出口处的气流的温度的变化，并且使用反馈控制机构来调节一个或多个燃烧，污染控制或热传递参数 从而最大化锅炉或焚烧炉中的燃烧过程的热效率。
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公开(公告)号：US5275553A
公开(公告)日：1994-01-04
申请号：US881181
申请日：1992-05-11
CPC分类号： F23N5/003 , F23N5/082 , F23N2025/10 , F23N5/08
摘要： Disclosed is a system for regulating the efficiency of a combustion process by detecting radiant energy emitted from ash particles entrained in the gas stream exiting the combustion chamber of a boiler or incinerator. The intensity of selected wavelengths of light emitted from the particles is indicative of the temperature of the particles. The change in the intensities of the selected wavelengths of light, and thus of the temperature of the gas stream at the furnace exit, is monitored, and a feedback control mechanism is used to regulate one or more combustion, pollution control, or heat transfer parameters thereby maximizing the thermal efficiency of the combustion process in the boiler or incinerator.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于通过检测从夹在锅炉或焚化炉的燃烧室的气流中夹带的灰分颗粒发出的辐射能来调节燃烧过程的效率的系统。 从颗粒发射的光的选定波长的强度表示颗粒的温度。 监测所选择的波长的光的强度的变化以及因此在炉出口处的气流的温度的变化，并且使用反馈控制机构来调节一个或多个燃烧，污染控制或热传递参数 从而最大化锅炉或焚烧炉中的燃烧过程的热效率。
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公开(公告)号：US06496616B2
公开(公告)日：2002-12-17
申请号：US09805358
申请日：2001-03-13
IPC分类号： G02B628
CPC分类号： G02B6/12004 , G02B6/12007 , G02B6/29308 , G02B6/2931 , G02B6/29311 , G02B6/29358 , G02B6/29395 , G02B2006/12107 , G02B2006/12109 , G02B2006/12114 , G02B2006/12164
摘要： A miniature monolithic optical demultiplexer that comprises a dispersive optical element and a wavelength filter array. The miniature monolithic optical DWDM demultiplexer can be fabricated using micro- and nano-scale techniques common to the semiconductor industry. The operating principles and some characteristics of the DWDM demultiplexer are described. The device will be useful in the field of optical communication as a component within networks that perform all of the necessary switching, adding, dropping, and manipulating of optical signals entirely in the optical domain. With the inclusion of additional components, exemplary optical communication devices that can be built using the DWDM demultiplexer include optical add/drop multiplexers (OADM), Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) routers, tunable filters, optical cross connects, and the like.
摘要翻译： 一种微型单片光解复用器，包括分散光学元件和波长滤波器阵列。 微型单片光学DWDM解复用器可以使用半导体工业通用的微米和纳米级技术来制造。 描述了DWDM解复用器的工作原理和一些特性。 该设备在光通信领域中将是有用的，作为在光域中完全执行光信号的所有必要的切换，添加，丢弃和操纵的网络内的组件。 通过包含附加组件，可以使用DWDM解复用器构建的示例性光通信设备包括光分插复用器（OADM），密集波分复用（DWDM）路由器，可调谐滤波器，光交叉连接等。
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公开(公告)号：US06434291B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-13
申请号：US09633934
申请日：2000-08-08
IPC分类号： G02B628
CPC分类号： G02B6/29311 , G02B6/12004 , G02B6/12007 , G02B6/29308 , G02B6/2931 , G02B6/29358 , G02B6/29395 , G02B2006/12107 , G02B2006/12109 , G02B2006/12114 , G02B2006/12164
摘要： An optical bench that provides a core component for a communication system that performs all of the necessary switching, adding, dropping, and manipulating of optical signals entirely in the optical domain. The optical bench comprises a dispersive optical element and a spatial light modulator. Various devices that are useful in the field of optical communication can be produced using the optical bench apparatus as a core component, with the addition of other components to the optical bench. Exemplary optical communication devices that can be built using the optical bench include optical add/drop multiplexers (OADM), Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) routers, tunable filters, tunable laser sources, optical cross connects, and the like.
摘要翻译： 一个光学台，提供一个通信系统的核心部件，该核心部件完全在光学领域执行光信号的所有必要的切换，添加，丢弃和操纵。 光学平台包括分散光学元件和空间光调制器。 可以使用光学台装置作为核心部件来生产在光通信领域中有用的各种装置，并且在光学平台上添加其它部件。 可以使用光学平台构建的示例性光通信设备包括光分插复用器（OADM），密集波分复用（DWDM）路由器，可调谐滤波器，可调激光源，光交叉连接等。
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公开(公告)号：US4684781A
公开(公告)日：1987-08-04
申请号：US695966
申请日：1985-01-29
CPC分类号： C22F3/00 , B23K26/32 , B23K26/322 , B23K26/34 , B23K35/002 , B23K35/004 , B23K35/005 , B23K35/007 , B23K35/24 , B32B15/011 , B32B15/012 , B32B15/013 , B32B15/015 , B32B15/016 , B32B15/017 , B32B15/018 , B23K2201/34 , B23K2203/04 , B23K2203/05 , B23K2203/08 , B23K2203/10 , B23K2203/12 , B23K2203/26 , B23K2203/50
摘要： A coated substrate manufactured by applying a layer of a material to the substrate and generating thermal and pressure waves in the layer by exposing the layer to high intensity, short duration laser radiation, and the process of manufacturing such a coated substrate. The laser radiation is applied in an intensity range that creates an instantaneous surface vaporization of the layer material that in turn drives a pressure wave into the layer. The pressure wave interacts with the layer-substrate interface to create bonding between them of varying strengths and qualities depending on the intensity and duration of the initial laser pulse. A thermal wave is created in some regimes of operation, or results from compressional heating of the layer by the pressure wave, and is of sufficient energy to contribute to the bonding at the interface. The coating and the process for its creation has application in diverse areas where surface properties of a particular color, hardness, corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, electrical conductivity, among others are desired.
摘要翻译： 涂覆的基底，通过将材料层施加到基底上并通过将该层暴露于高强度，短持续时间的激光辐射以及制造这种涂覆的基底的过程而在该层中产生热和压力波。 激光辐射在强度范围内施加，其产生层材料的瞬时表面蒸发，其又将压力波驱动到层中。 压力波与层 - 衬底界面相互作用，以根据初始激光脉冲的强度和持续时间在不同强度和质量之间产生它们之间的结合。 在一些操作方式中产生热波，或者由压力波对该层的压缩加热产生热波，并且具有足够的能量以有助于界面处的键合。 涂层及其制造方法可以应用于需要特定颜色，硬度，耐腐蚀性，耐磨性，导电性等的表面特性的不同领域。
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公开(公告)号：US07450234B2
公开(公告)日：2008-11-11
申请号：US11264744
申请日：2005-11-01
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/51 , G01N21/532 , G01N2021/4707 , G01N2021/4711
摘要： A light scattering sensor is provided with a cylindrical lens focusing received light along substantially parallel lines, or bands, that correspond to a range of scattering angles and a linear detector that detects the light intensity along the substantially parallel lines. By using a cylindrical lens, the lens serves as an auto-collimator, whereby light scattered at a specific angle from the collimated light beam strikes the linear detector at a corresponding specific location regardless of the location from where the light was scattered. Embodiments of the cylindrical lens-based light sensor can be applied to a number of different applications and industries that analyze light scattering intensity as a function of scattering angle. For example, embodiments of the cylindrical lens-based light scattering sensor can be used for monitoring a target fluid for contaminants.
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公开(公告)号：US06453087B2
公开(公告)日：2002-09-17
申请号：US09837339
申请日：2001-04-18
IPC分类号： G02B628
CPC分类号： G02B6/12007 , G02B6/12004 , G02B2006/12107 , G02B2006/12109 , G02B2006/12114 , G02B2006/12164
摘要： A miniature monolithic optical add-drop multiplexer that comprises a dispersive optical element, a wavelength filter array and a diverter. The miniature monolithic optical DWDM add-drop multiplexer can be fabricated using micro- and nano-scale techniques common to the semiconductor industry. The operating principles and some characteristics of the DWDM add-drop multiplexer are described. The device will be useful in the field of optical communication as a component within networks that perform all of the necessary switching, adding, dropping, and manipulating of optical signals entirely in the optical domain.
摘要翻译： 一种微型单片光分插复用器，包括分散光学元件，波长滤波器阵列和分流器。 微型单片光学DWDM分插复用器可以使用半导体工业通用的微米和纳米尺度技术制造。 描述了DWDM分插复用器的工作原理和一些特性。 该设备在光通信领域中将是有用的，作为在光域中完全执行光信号的所有必要的切换，添加，丢弃和操纵的网络内的组件。
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公开(公告)号：US4385830A
公开(公告)日：1983-05-31
申请号：US210704
申请日：1980-11-26
申请人： Watt W. Webb , Michael B. Frish
发明人： Watt W. Webb , Michael B. Frish
摘要： An optical system for direct measurement of vorticity in a flowing fluid is disclosed. Spherical particles suspended in the flow rotate with an angular velocity that is accurately equal to half the local vorticity; thus, measurements of the rotation rates of such particles indicate the vorticity. The particles are transparent, and preferably are less than 50 .mu.m diameter, and each contains embedded planar crystal mirrors. The particles are suspended in a refractive index matched liquid. Measurement of the particle rotation rate and thus the vorticity of the fluid is preferably accomplished by measuring the rotation rates of reflections of one or more light beams from the planar mirrors. The measurements may be carried out using any system of position sensitive optical detectors such as photo sensitive devices screened by suitable slits or photo diode arrays.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于在流动流体中直接测量涡度的光学系统。 悬浮在流体中的球形颗粒以精确等于局部涡度的一半的角速度旋转; 因此，这种颗粒的旋转速率的测量表明涡度。 颗粒是透明的，并且优选地直径小于50μm，并且每个都包含嵌入的平面晶体镜。 颗粒悬浮在折射率匹配的液体中。 颗粒旋转速率的测量以及流体的涡度优选通过测量来自平面反射镜的一个或多个光束的反射的旋转速率来实现。 可以使用任何位置敏感光学检测器系统来执行测量，例如由合适的狭缝或光电二极管阵列屏蔽的光敏设备。
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