摘要:
A process is disclosed for culturing microorganisms or cells isolated from a multicellular organism while exposing the microorganism or cells to sound waves of 5 to 100 kHz. This procedure effects the proliferation and the expression of functions of the cells so exposed. An apparatus for culturing the cells according to this process is also disclosed.
摘要:
The present invention provides a method for forming a novel carbonaceous material, which has properties such as acceptor properly useful as a secondary cell electrode material and a host material for catalyst, comprising of the steps of electrochemically polymerizing a nitrogen-containing organic compound as a monomer constituent, and heat-treating the resultant polymer as a carbon precursor.
摘要:
In a fuel cell system which includes a high-electricity multiple-phase converter, noise generated due to an increase in reactor vibrations and due to a sound pressure increase caused by a plurality of reactors is effectively inhibited, and silence is improved. A fuel cell system includes a multiple-phase converter provided between a fuel cell and a load device. The fuel cell system includes: selecting means (e.g., a controller) for selecting a driving phase of the multiple-phase converter in accordance with the load of the load device; and driving means (e.g., a controller) for driving a plurality of driving phases, when selected by the selecting means, at carrier frequencies so that these driving phases are nearly opposite to each other.
摘要:
The object of the present invention is to balance: the suppression of deterioration of a fuel cell and degradation of its durability and the optimization of the output control of the fuel cell. The present invention provides an output control apparatus for a fuel cell, being capable of switching a control mode between a power control mode in which an output power of a fuel cell connected to a load is controlled so as to be at a target power and a voltage control mode in which an output voltage of the fuel cell is controlled so as to be at a target voltage, wherein a control in the voltage control mode is performed when the output voltage of the fuel cell decreases below a predetermined low voltage threshold value.
摘要:
In a fuel cell system which controls an operation of a converter on the basis of a duty command value including a feedforward term, the deterioration of a response of the converter at a time of a rapid increase (a rapid decrease) of a load is suppressed. There is disclosed a fuel cell system comprising a converter disposed between a fuel cell and a load device, and a controller for controlling the operation of the converter on the basis of the duty command value including the feedforward term, wherein the controller calculates the feedforward term by use of a command value of a physical amount concerning the converter in an operation range where a requested power from the load device is in excess of a predetermined threshold value.
摘要:
A voltage conversion circuit apparatus that adjusts a timing skew between the switching control of the first switching element and the switching control of the second switching element includes: a skew storage portion that stores a timing skew between the switching controls of the first and second switching elements after the voltage conversion circuit apparatus is manufactured; and a timing adjustment portion that corrects the stored timing skew and thereby adjusts the timing relation between a first pulse signal and a second pulse signal so as to bring within a permissible range the timing skew that occurs when the switching controls of the first and second switching elements are performed by using the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal.
摘要:
The object of the present invention is to balance: the suppression of deterioration of a fuel cell and degradation of its durability and the optimization of the output control of the fuel cell. The present invention provides an output control apparatus for a fuel cell, being capable of switching a control mode between a power control mode in which an output power of a fuel cell connected to a load is controlled so as to be at a target power and a voltage control mode in which an output voltage of the fuel cell is controlled so as to be at a target voltage, wherein a control in the voltage control mode is performed when the output voltage of the fuel cell decreases below a predetermined low voltage threshold value.
摘要:
A voltage conversion circuit apparatus that adjusts a timing skew between the switching control of the first switching element and the switching control of the second switching element includes: a skew storage portion that stores a timing skew between the switching controls of the first and second switching elements after the voltage conversion circuit apparatus is manufactured; and a timing adjustment portion that corrects the stored timing skew and thereby adjusts the timing relation between a first pulse signal and a second pulse signal so as to bring within a permissible range the timing skew that occurs when the switching controls of the first and second switching elements are performed by using the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal.
摘要:
An active type vibration isolating support system includes: an elastic body for elastically supporting a vibratory body; a liquid chamber to be defined by the elastic body; a movable member for changing capacity of the liquid chamber; and an actuator for driving the movable member. The actuator has: a fixed core; a movable core coupled to the movable member for being arranged opposite to the fixed core via an air gap; and a coil for generating an electromagnetic attracting force between the fixed and movable cores. The movable member and the movable core are coupled together through coupling units capable of adjusting the air gap. Thus, without preparing several types of coupling members, it is possible to obtain a desired vibration isolating characteristic by freely adjusting the air gap between the fixed core and the movable core.
摘要:
A fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell and a secondary cell as power supply sources to a load, in which, during normal operation, a first control part allows a first converter (boost converter at the fuel cell side) to control an output voltage of the fuel cell and a second control part allows a second converter (boost converter at the secondary cell side) to control an output voltage to a first load side, whereas during an occurrence of an abnormality of the secondary cell, the first control part allows the first converter to control an output voltage thereof and the second control part allows the second converter to control an output voltage to a second load side.