摘要:
An FCC or fluidized catalytic cracking process and apparatus for converting heavy metals laden crudes is disclosed. The heavy feed, conventional catalyst and an additive or vanadium getter contact the feed in a riser reactor. The additive is segregated from conventional FCC catalyst upstream of the conventional FCC regenerator. An elutriating, upflow riser reactor may be used with a coarse, rapidly settling getter. A fine, slowly settling getter may be used, with getter segregation achieved by using an elutriating cyclone on the riser outlet, an elutriating catalyst stripper, a sieve, or the like. The spent getter may be used once through, regenerated in a separate getter regenerator, or used as a source of fuel. Alumina and sponge coke are preferred getters.
摘要:
Aliphatic C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 hydrocarbons are converted in the presence of a particular zeolite catalyst to a mixture of aromatics, optionally containing olefins.
摘要:
A catalytic cracking catalyst and process which tolerates high levels of vanadium and coke precursors in the feed is disclosed. A zeolite in an alumina free binder or coating, preferably silica, is used as the cracking catalyst. RE-USY in silica is especially preferred as it has a low affinity for vanadium, low coking characteristics and high stability. Preferably a vanadium getter additive is present as separate particles to act as a vanadium sink. The catalyst and process may be used in fluidized bed catalytic cracking (FCC) or in moving bed catalytic cracking units. A method of making a coated catalyst, by adding a layer of an alumina free material to a core of alumina containing cracking catalyst is also disclosed.
摘要:
The catalytic properties of a metal-containing shape selective crystalline silicate zeolite are significantly improved by converting said metal to an intermetallic compound. Thus, for example, zeolite beta containing the intermetallic component platinum zeolite demonstrates improved catalytic properties for dewaxing a hydrocarbon feedstock compared to zeolite beta containing platinum metal alone.
摘要:
A hydroprocessing trickle reactor construction which will facilitate the catalytic dewaxing of liquid petroleum or lube feedstocks in a highly efficient and economical manner, particularly through the use of reactors employing stationary bed of a defined, shape-selective crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite catalyst, preferably ZSM-5. Pursuant to one embodiment of the hydroprocessing reactor, the latter is essentially constituted of a trickle bed reactor wherein a plurality of vertically tiered and staggered trays support the beds of catalyst material, such as the crystalline zeolite, and through which the liquid petroleum feedstock trickles downwardly from the upper end of the reactor, while hydrogen is concurrently injected into the catalyst on each of the trays. This causes the hydrogen to percolate through the catalyst bed and to contact and efficiently strip the downwardly trickling stream of liquid petroleum feedstock of low boiling conversion products or waxy components, such as naphtha. Pursuant to a second embodiment of the hydroprocessing catalystic reactor construction, inclined supporting stationary beds of catalyst are vertically tiered with the liquid petroleum stock trickling down through the reactor so as to enter the upper portion of the bed contained in each tray, flowing along the inclined tray surface thereof forming a liquid seal along the bottom surface of each tray and forcing hydrogen introduced into each tray to flow upwardly through the catalyst bed and react with the liquid petroleum feedstock. The liquid is directed to trickle downwardly to a lower catalyst bed through the interposition of suitable baffles, whereas hydrogen gas inclusive of low boiling, volatile conversion products stripped from the liquid petroleum in the catalyst beds flows upwardly through passages beneath the baffles into a central vertical conduit in the reactor, from when they are conducted by being entrained in an upwardly-flowing carrier gas out of the upper end of the reactor.
摘要:
A process for the catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon oil is provided which comprises contacting the oil under cracking conditions with a large pore, alkali metal crystalline silicate zeolite cracking catalyst which is essentially free of shape selective combustion catalyst in the presence of a cracking-promoting amount of oxygen. A cracking catalyst of alkali metal zeolite and shape selective cracking catalyst is also disclosed.
摘要:
A process for the catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon oil is provided which comprises contacting the oil under cracking conditions with a large pore, alkali metal crystalline silicate zeolite cracking catalyst which is essentially free of shape selective combustion catalyst in the presence of a cracking-promoting amount of oxygen. A cracking catalyst of alkali metal zeolite and shape selective cracking catalyst is also disclosed.
摘要:
A process for converting a C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 paraffinic hydrocarbon feed to aromatics comprising passing the feed through a first conversion zone wherein the feed contacts a noble metal/low acidity medium pore size zeolite catalyst, and then passing the resulting hydrocarbon mixture through a second conversion zone wherein the resulting hydrocarbon mixture contacts a medium pore size acidic zeolite catalyst.
摘要:
The catalytic properties of a metal-containing shape selective crystalline silicate zeolite are significantly improved by converting said metal to an intermetallic compound. Thus, for example, zeolite beta containing the intermetallic component platinum zeolite demonstrates improved catalytic properties for dewaxing a hydrocarbon feedstock compared to zeolite beta containing platinum metal alone.
摘要:
A process for isomerization dewaxing of a hydrocarbon feed which includes contacting the hydrocarbon feed with a large pore size, small crystal size, crystalline molecular sieve and an intermediate pore size, small crystal size, crystalline molecular sieve to produce a dewaxed product with a reduced pour point and a reduced cloud point. In a preferred embodiment, the feed is contacted with the molecular sieves sequentially, first with the large pore sieve followed by the intermediate pore sieve.