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    Method and apparatus for commencing operation of a fuel cell electric power generation system below the freezing temperature of water
    1.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for commencing operation of a fuel cell electric power generation system below the freezing temperature of water 失效
    一种低于水冷冻温度的燃料电池发电系统的运行方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US5798186A

    公开(公告)日：1998-08-25

    申请号：US659921

    申请日：1996-06-07

    申请人： Nicholas J. Fletcher ,  Gustav A. Boehm ,  Eric G. Pow

    发明人： Nicholas J. Fletcher ,  Gustav A. Boehm ,  Eric G. Pow

    IPC分类号： H01M8/10 ,  H01M8/04

    CPC分类号： H01M8/04223 ,  H01M8/04007 ,  H01M2300/0082 ,  H01M8/04029 ,  H01M8/04156

    摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for starting and operating an electric power generation system comprising an electrochemical fuel cell stack for supplying electric current to an external electrical circuit. The stack comprises at least one fuel cell comprising a membrane electrode assembly comprising an anode, a cathode, and a water permeable ion exchange membrane interposed between the anode and the cathode. A fuel stream and an oxidant stream are each flowable to the fuel cell. At least a portion of the membrane electrode assembly has a temperature below the freezing temperature of water. The supply of electric current to the external circuit from the fuel cell stack is commenced such that the temperature of the membrane electrode assembly exceeds the freezing temperature of water.

    摘要翻译： 提供一种用于启动和操作包括用于向外部电路提供电流的电化学燃料电池堆的发电系统的方法和装置。 该堆叠包括至少一个燃料电池，其包括膜电极组件，该膜电极组件包括阳极，阴极和置于阳极和阴极之间的透水离子交换膜。 燃料流和氧化剂流各自可流到燃料电池。 膜电极组件的至少一部分具有低于水的冷冻温度的温度。 开始从燃料电池堆向外部电路供应电流，使得膜电极组件的温度超过水的冷冻温度。

    Electrochemical fuel cell stack with concurrent flow of coolant and oxidant streams and countercurrent flow of fuel and oxidant streams
    2.
    发明授权
    Electrochemical fuel cell stack with concurrent flow of coolant and oxidant streams and countercurrent flow of fuel and oxidant streams 失效
    具有同时冷却剂和氧化剂流的电化学燃料电池堆以及燃料和氧化剂流的逆流

    公开(公告)号：US5773160A

    公开(公告)日：1998-06-30

    申请号：US721214

    申请日：1996-09-26

    申请人： David P. Wilkinson ,  Henry H. Voss ,  Nicholas J. Fletcher ,  Mark C. Johnson ,  Eric G. Pow

    发明人： David P. Wilkinson ,  Henry H. Voss ,  Nicholas J. Fletcher ,  Mark C. Johnson ,  Eric G. Pow

    IPC分类号： H01M8/02 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/24

    CPC分类号： H01M8/04074 ,  H01M8/04007 ,  H01M8/241 ,  H01M8/2465 ,  H01M2300/0082 ,  H01M8/04156 ,  H01M8/04291

    摘要： A fuel cell assembly within an electrochemical fuel cell stack has an anode layer and a cathode layer. A cooling layer is disposed adjacent the fuel cell assembly. Each layer comprises channels for directing a fluid stream from an inlet to a an outlet. The coolant stream channels extend such that, in operation, the coolest region of the cooling layer coincides with the region of the cathode layer having the highest concentration of oxygen (and/or the lowest water content), and the warmest region of the cooling layer coincides with the region of the cathode layer having the lowest concentration of oxygen (and/or the highest water content). The fuel stream channels extend such that, in operation, the fuel stream is directed to a region of the anode layer which coincides with the region of the cathode layer in which the oxidant stream has the lowest concentration of oxygen (and/or the highest water content) and is subsequently directed to a region of the anode layer which coincides with the region of the cathode layer in which the oxidant stream has the highest concentration of oxygen (and/or the lowest water content).

    摘要翻译： 电化学燃料电池堆内的燃料电池组件具有阳极层和阴极层。 冷却层设置在燃料电池组件附近。 每个层包括用于将流体流从入口引导到出口的通道。 冷却剂流通道延伸，使得在操作中，冷却层的最冷区域与具有最高氧浓度（和/或最低含水量）的阴极层的区域重合，并且冷却层的最热区域 与具有最低浓度氧（和/或最高含水量）的阴极层的区域重合。 燃料流通道延伸，使得在操作中，燃料流被引导到阳极层的与氧化剂流具有最低浓度氧（和/或最高水）的阴极层的区域重合的区域 含量），并且随后被引导到阳极层的与氧化剂流具有最高氧浓度（和/或最低水含量）的阴极层的区域重合的区域。

    Load-following vaporizer apparatus and method
    4.
    发明授权
    Load-following vaporizer apparatus and method 失效
    负载跟随蒸发器装置和方法

    公开(公告)号：US5249624A

    公开(公告)日：1993-10-05

    申请号：US977621

    申请日：1992-11-17

    申请人： Eric G. Pow ,  Nicholas J. Fletcher ,  Wolfgang Schlosser

    发明人： Eric G. Pow ,  Nicholas J. Fletcher ,  Wolfgang Schlosser

    IPC分类号： F28D5/00 ,  B01D1/00 ,  B01D1/02 ,  B01D1/14 ,  B01D1/16 ,  F22B27/16 ,  F28D9/04 ,  F28F3/02 ,  F28F13/00 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/06

    CPC分类号： F28F3/02 ,  B01D1/00 ,  B01D1/02 ,  B01D1/14 ,  F22B27/16 ,  F28D9/04 ,  F28F13/00 ,  H01M8/0612 ,  F28D2021/0064 ,  F28F2275/02

    摘要： A load-following vaporizer converts an inlet liquid reactant stream to an outlet vapor reactant stream. The vaporizer comprises a containment shell, a nozzle and a fin block. The fin block has a base in thermal contact a heat source, preferably a thermal fluid stream. The base has a plurality of evaporative heat transfer structures that are spaced from and generally radiate from the nozzle outlet. Each of the evaporative heat transfer structures has two principal surfaces oriented such that the extension of each of the surfaces intersects the nozzle outlet. Upon contacting the evaporative heat transfer structures, the atomized liquid reactant dispersion is vaporized to produce a vaporized reactant stream. The vaporizer rapidly responds to changes in the inlet liquid reactant flow rate to produce a corresponding change in the output vapor flow rate by minimizes the liquid inventory within the heated environment. The load-following vaporizer is compact, lightweight and compatible with other components of an integrated fuel processing system.

    摘要翻译： 负载跟随蒸发器将入口液体反应物流转换为出口蒸汽反应物流。 蒸发器包括容纳壳，喷嘴和翅片块。 翅片块具有热接触的基部，优选热流体流。 底座具有多个与喷嘴出口间隔开并且通常从喷嘴出口辐射的蒸发传热结构。 每个蒸发传热结构具有两个主表面，其取向为使得每个表面的延伸部与喷嘴出口相交。 在蒸发传热结构接触之后，雾化的液体反应物分散体被蒸发以产生蒸发的反应物流。 蒸发器快速响应入口液体反应物流速的变化，以通过使加热环境内的液体库存最小化来产生输出蒸汽流速的相应变化。 负载跟随蒸发器紧凑，重量轻，与集成燃料处理系统的其他部件兼容。

    Modular isothermal reactor
    5.
    发明授权
    Modular isothermal reactor 失效
    模块等温反应器

    公开(公告)号：US5209906A

    公开(公告)日：1993-05-11

    申请号：US698666

    申请日：1991-05-10

    申请人： David S. Watkins ,  Eric G. Pow ,  Donald A. Lines

    发明人： David S. Watkins ,  Eric G. Pow ,  Donald A. Lines

    IPC分类号： B01J8/02 ,  B01J12/00 ,  B01J19/00 ,  C01B3/32 ,  C01B3/38 ,  F28D9/00 ,  H01M8/06

    CPC分类号： H01M8/0631 ,  B01J12/007 ,  B01J19/0093 ,  B01J8/0285 ,  C01B3/323 ,  F28D9/00 ,  B01J2219/0002 ,  B01J2219/00783 ,  B01J2219/00835 ,  B01J2219/00873 ,  B01J2219/00889 ,  B01J2219/00891 ,  F28F2260/00

    摘要： A compact modular isothermal reactor for converting a feedstock such as methanol into a fuel usable in power generation systems, such as electrochemical fuel cells, is provided. The reactor includes a sealing plate, a baffle plate having heat transfer surfaces extending toward the sealing plate, and a housing having an interior substantially circumscribing the heat transfer surfaces The cooperating surfaces of the sealing plate, baffle plate, heat transfer surfaces and housing interior define a labyrinthine channel for containing a suitable quantity of solid catalyst and through which feedstock flows. The cooperating surfaces of a fluid flow plate and the baffle plate define a flow passage for carrying a thermal fluid. Heat is transferred from the thermal fluid to the feedstock by the heat transfer surfaces. In two alternative designs, thermally conductive pins extending from the baffle plate or a pair of spaced folded thermally conductive plates transfer heat to the interior of a catalyst containment vessel. In an optional heat exchange section, the feedstock is preheated before being directed to the reactor.

    摘要翻译： 提供了用于将诸如甲醇的原料转化成可用于发电系统（例如电化学燃料电池）中的燃料的紧凑的模块化等温反应器。 反应器包括密封板，具有朝向密封板延伸的传热表面的挡板和具有基本上限定传热表面的内部的壳体。密封板，挡板，传热表面和壳体内部的配合表面限定 用于容纳合适数量的固体催化剂并且原料流过的迷路通道。 流体流动板和挡板的配合表面限定了用于承载热流体的流动通道。 热量通过传热表面从热流体转移到原料。 在两种替代设计中，从挡板或一对间隔开的折叠导热板延伸的导热销将热传递到催化剂容纳容器的内部。 在可选的热交换部分中，原料在被引导到反应器之前被预热。

    Portable fuel processor apparatus and enclosure and method of installing same
    7.
    发明授权
    Portable fuel processor apparatus and enclosure and method of installing same 失效
    便携式燃料处理器装置及其安装方法

    公开(公告)号：US08354081B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-01-15

    申请号：US10407316

    申请日：2003-04-04

    申请人： William Spencer Wheat ,  James F. Stevens ,  Curtis L. Krause ,  Jeffrey A. Hedges ,  Eric G. Pow

    发明人： William Spencer Wheat ,  James F. Stevens ,  Curtis L. Krause ,  Jeffrey A. Hedges ,  Eric G. Pow

    IPC分类号： B01J8/00

    CPC分类号： C01B3/382 ,  B01J8/02 ,  B01J19/0006 ,  B01J2208/00079 ,  B01J2219/00011 ,  B01J2219/00022 ,  B01J2219/00182 ,  B01J2219/00268 ,  B01J2219/0027 ,  C01B2203/0244 ,  C01B2203/0283 ,  C01B2203/044 ,  C01B2203/047 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  C01B2203/0844 ,  C01B2203/1005 ,  C01B2203/1023 ,  C01B2203/1064 ,  C01B2203/1241 ,  C01B2203/127 ,  C01B2203/1276 ,  C01B2203/142 ,  C01B2203/82 ,  H01M8/04097 ,  H01M8/0618 ,  H01M8/0631 ,  H01M8/2475 ,  H01M2250/30 ,  Y02B90/18

    摘要： A portable fuel processing apparatus and enclosure including an enclosure having an outer wall that defines an interior space and provides a gas impermeable barrier. Attached to the enclosure is porting means for use in moving the enclosure from one location to another. A fuel reformer capable of providing sufficient hydrogen-rich reformate to a fuel cell stack for use in generating at least about 1 kW per hour is disposed within the enclosure. An optional gas detection system includes a sensor disposed within the enclosure to monitor the interior of the enclosure for presence of combustible gases. The portable apparatus can have a number of connectors for connecting the enclosure and the fuel processing systems to a source of a reformer fuel and water as well as a domestic drain. Preferred sources of fuel and water are common utility lines available in buildings. Additional connectors can be provided to couple the fuel processor with a fuel cell, for used in delivering a reformate stream, air stream and circulating cooling medium to a fuel cell and for returning a fuel cell exhaust stream to the enclosure. Moreover, the portable fuel processing apparatus and enclosure can further include connectors for establishing electronic communications with a remote process control unit. A method of installing the portable fuel processing apparatus is also provided.

    摘要翻译： 一种便携式燃料处理装置和外壳，包括具有限定内部空间并提供气体不可渗透屏障的外壁的外壳。 附着在外壳上的是用于将外壳从一个位置移动到另一个位置的移动装置。 能够向燃料电池堆提供足够的富氢重整产品，用于每小时生产至少约1千瓦的燃料重整器设置在外壳内。 可选的气体检测系统包括设置在外壳内的传感器，以监测外壳的内部是否存在可燃气体。 便携式设备可以具有多个用于将外壳和燃料处理系统连接到重整器燃料和水以及国内排放源的连接器。 燃料和水的首选来源是建筑物中可用的通用电力线路。 可以提供附加的连接器以将燃料处理器与燃料电池连接，用于将重整物流，空气流和循环冷却介质输送到燃料电池并用于将燃料电池排气流返回到外壳。 此外，便携式燃料处理装置和外壳还可以包括用于与远程过程控制单元建立电子通信的连接器。 还提供了一种安装便携式燃料处理装置的方法。

    Electrochemical fuel cell stack with compression mechanism extending through interior manifold headers
    9.
    发明授权
    Electrochemical fuel cell stack with compression mechanism extending through interior manifold headers 失效
    具有延伸穿过内部歧管集管的压缩机构的电化学燃料电池堆

    公开(公告)号：US5484666A

    公开(公告)日：1996-01-16

    申请号：US309124

    申请日：1994-09-20

    申请人： Peter Gibb ,  Henry H. Voss ,  Wolfgang Schlosser ,  Eric G. Pow

    发明人： Peter Gibb ,  Henry H. Voss ,  Wolfgang Schlosser ,  Eric G. Pow

    IPC分类号： H01M8/24 ,  H01M8/04

    CPC分类号： H01M8/241 ,  H01M8/247 ,  H01M2300/0082

    摘要： An electrochemical fuel cell stack has a first end plate, a second end plate, and fuel cell assemblies interposed therebetween. Each fuel cell assembly includes a membrane electrode assembly having at least one manifold header opening formed in the assembly for directing at least one of a fluid fuel stream, a fluid oxidant stream and a fluid coolant stream through the assembly. A tie rod extends within the opening and through each of the first and second end plates. Fastening means are disposed at opposite ends of the tie rod. Compressive means are interposed between at least one of the fastening means and at least one of the first and second end plates. In operation, the fastening means and the compressive means urge the first end plate toward the second end plate, thereby applying compressive force to the fuel cell assemblies.

    摘要翻译： 电化学燃料电池堆具有第一端板，第二端板和介于其间的燃料电池组件。 每个燃料电池组件包括膜电极组件，其具有形成在组件中的至少一个歧管集管开口，用于将流体燃料流，流体氧化剂流和流体冷却剂流中的至少一个引导通过组件。 拉杆在开口内延伸并且穿过第一和第二端板中的每一个。 紧固装置设置在拉杆的相对端。 压缩装置插入到至少一个紧固装置和第一和第二端板中的至少一个之间。 在操作中，紧固装置和压缩装置迫使第一端板朝向第二端板，从而向燃料电池组件施加压力。