公开(公告)号：US20090206838A1

公开(公告)日：2009-08-20

申请号：US12333395

申请日：2008-12-12

申请人： Olivier Noterdaeme ,  Michael Brady

发明人： Olivier Noterdaeme ,  Michael Brady

IPC分类号： G01R33/56 ,  G06K9/00

CPC分类号： G01R33/56563 ,  G01R33/5602 ,  G01R33/5659

摘要： Intensity inhomogeneities can obscure areas of interest and are problematic for MR image segmentation algorithms. An efficient approach to estimating these inhomogeneities by computing a calibration factor that is a function of an estimated bias field from a series of calibration scans is disclosed. This enables correction of T1W and T2W images by reducing inhomogeneities without the need to map T1 and T2. Because of interest in the shape of the intensity inhomogeneities a limited number of flip angles yield satisfactory performance. Additionally, an RF transmit field B1+ can be estimated and inhomogeneities resulting from the B1+ field reduced from the MR image using the estimated B1+ field.

摘要翻译： 强度不均匀性可以掩盖感兴趣的区域，并且对于MR图像分割算法是有问题的。 公开了一种通过计算校准因子来估计这些不均匀性的有效方法，校准因子是来自一系列校准扫描的估计偏置场的函数。 这使得能够通过减少不均匀性来校正T1W和T2W图像，而不需要映射T1和T2。 由于对强度不均匀性的形状感兴趣，有限数量的翻转角产生令人满意的性能。 另外，可以估计RF发射场B1 +，并且使用估计的B1 +场从MR图像中减少B1 +场产生的不均匀性。

公开(公告)号：US07782056B2

公开(公告)日：2010-08-24

申请号：US12333395

申请日：2008-12-12

申请人： Olivier Noterdaeme ,  Michael Brady

发明人： Olivier Noterdaeme ,  Michael Brady

IPC分类号： G01V3/00

CPC分类号： G01R33/56563 ,  G01R33/5602 ,  G01R33/5659

摘要： Intensity inhomogeneities can obscure areas of interest and are problematic for MR image segmentation algorithms. An efficient approach to estimating these inhomogeneities by computing a calibration factor that is a function of an estimated bias field from a series of calibration scans is disclosed. This enables correction of T1W and T2W images by reducing inhomogeneities without the need to map T1 and T2. Because of interest in the shape of the intensity inhomogeneities a limited number of flip angles yield satisfactory performance. Additionally, an RF transmit field B1+ can be estimated and inhomogeneities resulting from the B1+ field reduced from the MR image using the estimated B1+ field.

摘要翻译： 强度不均匀性可以掩盖感兴趣的区域，并且对于MR图像分割算法是有问题的。 公开了一种通过计算校准因子来估计这些不均匀性的有效方法，校准因子是来自一系列校准扫描的估计偏置场的函数。 这使得能够通过减少不均匀性来校正T1W和T2W图像，而不需要映射T1和T2。 由于对强度不均匀性的形状感兴趣，有限数量的翻转角产生令人满意的性能。 另外，可以估计RF发射场B1 +，并且使用估计的B1 +场从MR图像中减少由B1 +场产生的不均匀性。

公开(公告)号：US08465627B2

公开(公告)日：2013-06-18

申请号：US12934006

申请日：2009-11-30

申请人： Michael Brady ,  Robert Bartek ,  Dennis Stamires ,  Paul O'Connor

发明人： Michael Brady ,  Robert Bartek ,  Dennis Stamires ,  Paul O'Connor

IPC分类号： C10B53/02 ,  C10B57/06

CPC分类号： D21B1/02 ,  D21B1/021 ,  Y02E50/14

摘要： A method for reducing the mechanical strength of solid biomass material, in particular lignocellulosic biomass, comprises mixing the solid biomass material with an inorganic material and heating the solid biomass material mixture to a toasting temperature in the range of 105° C. to 140° C. during an exposure time of from 1 minute to 12 hours. Before or after the heat treatment, which is referred to as “toasting”, the biomass material mixture is subject to flash heating. The treatment significantly reduces the mechanical energy required for reducing the particle size of the solid biomass material and is suitable as a pretreatment prior to a conversion reaction of the solid biomass material.

摘要翻译： 降低固体生物质材料，特别是木质纤维素生物质的机械强度的方法包括将固体生物质材料与无机材料混合，并将固体生物质材料混合物加热至105℃至140℃的烘烤温度 在1分钟至12小时的曝光时间内。 在被称为“烘烤”的热处理之前或之后，生物质材料混合物经受快速加热。 该处理显着降低了降低固体生物质材料粒度所需的机械能，并且适合作为固体生物质材料的转化反应之前的预处理。

公开(公告)号：US08425766B2

公开(公告)日：2013-04-23

申请号：US13546271

申请日：2012-07-11

申请人： Robert Bartek ,  Michael Brady ,  Dennis Stamires

发明人： Robert Bartek ,  Michael Brady ,  Dennis Stamires

IPC分类号： C10C3/02

CPC分类号： C10B53/02 ,  C10B49/16 ,  C10B57/08 ,  C10C5/00 ,  C10G1/02 ,  C10G1/08 ,  C10G2300/1011 ,  C10L1/02 ,  Y02E50/14 ,  Y02E50/30 ,  Y02P30/20

摘要： Aspects of the present invention relate to methods, systems, and compositions for preparing a solid biomass for fast pyrolysis. The method includes contacting the solid biomass with an inorganic material present in an effective amount for increasing fast pyrolysis yield of an organic liquid product (e.g., bio-oil). In various embodiments, the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and combinations thereof.

摘要翻译： 本发明的方面涉及用于制备用于快速热解的固体生物质的方法，系统和组合物。 该方法包括使固体生物质与有效量存在的无机材料接触，以提高有机液体产物（例如生物油）的快速热解产率。 在各种实施方案中，无机材料选自硫酸铝，硝酸铝，氯化铝，氢氧化铝，氢氧化铵，氢氧化镁，氢氧化钾及其组合。

公开(公告)号：US20120154787A1

公开(公告)日：2012-06-21

申请号：US13393641

申请日：2010-09-03

申请人： Michael Brady

发明人： Michael Brady

IPC分类号： G01P3/36 ,  G01N15/14

CPC分类号： G01N15/1459

摘要： The present invention is a device to measure the characteristics of droplets within a stream of liquid droplets used in spraying. It comprises: a light source (45) supplying light across the stream of droplets; detection (means 2) to detect change in the light level caused by a passing droplet, the detection means generating a signal according to the change in light; and processing means (59) to analyse the characteristics of the droplets in the stream based on the signal produced by the detection means. The light passes through a slit (3A) in a panel (53) disposed between the droplet stream and the detection means (52), so that the change in level of light detected by the detection means is proportional to the diameter of the droplet. Preferably two or more intersecting light beams (68,69) are used to provide comparative data about passing droplets.

摘要翻译： 本发明是用于测量在喷雾中使用的液滴流内的液滴的特性的装置。 它包括：一个光源（45），用于在液滴流上提供光; 检测（装置2），检测由通过的液滴引起的光级的变化，检测装置根据光的变化产生信号; 以及基于由检测装置产生的信号来分析流中的液滴的特性的处理装置（59）。 光通过设置在液滴流和检测装置（52）之间的面板（53）中的狭缝（3A），使得由检测装置检测的光的变化与液滴的直径成比例。 优选地，使用两个或更多个相交光束（68,69）来提供关于通过液滴的比较数据。

公开(公告)号：US20120144730A1

公开(公告)日：2012-06-14

申请号：US13259233

申请日：2010-03-24

申请人： Dennis Stamires ,  Michael Brady ,  Paul O'Connor ,  Jacobus Cornelis Rasser

发明人： Dennis Stamires ,  Michael Brady ,  Paul O'Connor ,  Jacobus Cornelis Rasser

IPC分类号： C10L1/00

摘要： A process is disclosed for converting a particulate solid biomass material to a high quality bio-oil in high yield. The process comprises a pretreatment step and a pyrolysis step. The pretreatment comprises a step of at least partially demineralizing the solid biomass, and improving the accessibility of the solid biomass by opening the texture of the particles of the solid biomass. In a preferred embodiment the liquid pyrolysis product is separated into the bio-oil and an aqueous phase, and the aqueous phase is used as a solvent in the demineralization step and/or in the step of improving the accessibility of the solid biomass by opening the texture of the particles of the solid biomass.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于以高产率将颗粒状固体生物质材料转化为高质量生物油的方法。 该方法包括预处理步骤和热解步骤。 预处理包括至少部分地使固体生物质脱矿质的步骤，以及通过打开固体生物质颗粒的质地来改善固体生物质的可及性。 在优选的实施方案中，将液体热解产物分离成生物油和水相，并且在脱矿质步骤中和/或在通过打开固体生物质来提高固体生物质的可接近性的步骤中使用水相作为溶剂 固体生物质颗粒的质地。

公开(公告)号：US08003835B2

公开(公告)日：2011-08-23

申请号：US12606804

申请日：2009-10-27

申请人： Steve Yanik ,  Robert Bartek ,  Paul O'Connor ,  Dennis Stamires ,  Michael Brady

发明人： Steve Yanik ,  Robert Bartek ,  Paul O'Connor ,  Dennis Stamires ,  Michael Brady

IPC分类号： C07C1/00 ,  F27B15/08

CPC分类号： C10G1/08 ,  C10B49/22 ,  C10B53/02 ,  C10B57/02 ,  C10G1/006 ,  C10G3/42 ,  C10G3/57 ,  Y02E50/14 ,  Y02E50/32 ,  Y02P20/145 ,  Y02P30/20

摘要： A method for converting solid biomass into hydrocarbons includes contacting the solid biomass with a catalyst in a first riser operated at a temperature in the range of from about 50° C. to about 200° C. to thereby produce a first biomass-catalyst mixture and a first product comprising hydrocarbons; a) separating the first product from the first biomass-catalyst mixture; c) charging the first biomass-catalyst mixture to a second riser operated at a temperature in the range of from about 200° C. to about 400° C. to thereby produce a second biomass-catalyst mixture and a second product comprising hydrocarbons; d) separating the second product from the second biomass-catalyst mixture; e) charging the second biomass-catalyst mixture to a third riser operated at a temperature greater than about 450° C. to thereby produce a spent catalyst and a third product comprising hydrocarbons; and f) separating the third effluent from the spent catalyst.

摘要翻译： 将固体生物质转化为烃的方法包括使固体生物质与在约50℃至约200℃的温度下操作的第一提升管中的催化剂接触，从而产生第一生物质 - 催化剂混合物， 包含烃的第一产物; a）将第一产物与第一生物质 - 催化剂混合物分离; c）将第一生物质 - 催化剂混合物装载到在约200℃至约400℃的温度范围内操作的第二提升管，从而产生第二生物质 - 催化剂混合物和包含烃的第二产物; d）将第二产物与第二生物质 - 催化剂混合物分离; e）将第二生物质 - 催化剂混合物装入在大于约450℃的温度下操作的第三提升管，从而产生废催化剂和包含烃的第三产物; 和f）将第三流出物与废催化剂分离。

公开(公告)号：US20110114876A1

公开(公告)日：2011-05-19

申请号：US12921343

申请日：2009-06-25

申请人： Michael Brady ,  Paul O'Connor ,  Dennis Stamires

发明人： Michael Brady ,  Paul O'Connor ,  Dennis Stamires

IPC分类号： C09K3/00

CPC分类号： C10L1/04 ,  C08L97/00 ,  C10G1/00 ,  C10G1/083 ,  C10G2300/1014 ,  C10G2300/44 ,  C10G2300/80 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  D21C1/04 ,  D21C1/06 ,  D21C11/0007 ,  Y02E50/16 ,  Y02P30/20

摘要： A process is disclosed for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass. The process comprises swelling the lignocellulosic biomass with an aqueous liquid. The pretreated lignocellulosic biomass may be used as a feedstock for the enzymatic conversion to ethanol, or in a thermal conversion process to produce bio-oil. The pretreatment results in a greater yield and, in the case of a thermal conversion process, a better quality of the bio-oil.The pretreatment process may be used to adjust the composition and amount of inorganic material present in the lignocellulosic biomass material.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于预处理木质纤维素生物质的方法。 该方法包括用含水液体使木质纤维素生物质膨胀。 预处理的木质纤维素生物质可以用作酶转化成乙醇的原料，或在热转化过程中用于生产生物油。 预处理导致更高的产量，并且在热转化过程的情况下，生物油的质量更好。 预处理方法可用于调节木质纤维素生物质材料中存在的无机材料的组成和量。

公开(公告)号：US07676841B2

公开(公告)日：2010-03-09

申请号：US11049628

申请日：2005-02-01

申请人： Gregory M. Sobchuk ,  Shekhar Subramaniam ,  Khurram Zaheer ,  Alexander Gelfenshteyn ,  Ramesh Shetty ,  Michael Brady ,  George Donnegan ,  Roger McGuire

发明人： Gregory M. Sobchuk ,  Shekhar Subramaniam ,  Khurram Zaheer ,  Alexander Gelfenshteyn ,  Ramesh Shetty ,  Michael Brady ,  George Donnegan ,  Roger McGuire

IPC分类号： G06F11/30

CPC分类号： H04L63/1416 ,  G06F21/56 ,  H04L63/1441

摘要： Described are methods and apparatus, including computer program products, for mitigating against a cyber attack on a network. An indication is received from an intrusion detection system that an event has occurred representing a threat to the network. Upon receiving the event from the intrusion detection system, automated processes determine a port associated with the threat and automatically block the port.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于减轻网络上的网络攻击的方法和装置，包括计算机程序产品。 从入侵检测系统接收到表示对网络的威胁的事件发生的指示。 在从入侵检测系统接收到事件后，自动进程确定与威胁相关联的端口并自动阻止端口。

公开(公告)号：US20080039313A1

公开(公告)日：2008-02-14

申请号：US11578806

申请日：2005-04-26

申请人： William Jones ,  Dennis Stamires ,  Paul O'Connor ,  Michael Brady

发明人： William Jones ,  Dennis Stamires ,  Paul O'Connor ,  Michael Brady

IPC分类号： B01J20/08

CPC分类号： B01J21/16 ,  B01J37/06 ,  B01J37/08

摘要： Process for the preparation of a metal-containing composition, which process comprises the steps of (a) calcining a physical mixture of an anionic clay and a metal additive at a temperature between 200 and 800° C., and (b) rehydrating the calcined product of step a). This process allows the use of insoluble metal additives. It does not require the use of soluble metal additives, which has economic and environmental advantages.

摘要翻译： 制备含金属组合物的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：（a）在200-800℃的温度下煅烧阴离子粘土和金属添加剂的物理混合物，和（b）将煅烧过的 步骤a）的产物。 该方法允许使用不溶性金属添加剂。 它不需要使用具有经济和环境优点的可溶性金属添加剂。