公开(公告)号：US07174561B2

公开(公告)日：2007-02-06

申请号：US09834427

申请日：2001-04-13

申请人： Peter Bixby ,  John Forecast ,  William O. Hultin ,  Sorin Faibish ,  Wayne W. Duso

发明人： Peter Bixby ,  John Forecast ,  William O. Hultin ,  Sorin Faibish ,  Wayne W. Duso

IPC分类号： H04N7/173

CPC分类号： H04N21/23424 ,  H04N21/44016

摘要： A system for producing multiple concurrent real-time video streams from stored MPEG video clips includes a video server and at least one MPEG decoder array. The decoder array has multiple decoder pairs, each pair having a video switch for switching from one decoder in the pair to the other at a specified time. Switching may occur from a specified Out-point frame to a specified In-point frame, and the specified frames can be any frame type at any location in the group of pictures (GOP) structure. In a preferred construction, the video server has a controller server linked to a series of data mover computers, each controlling one or more respective decoder arrays. The data mover computers use a control protocol to control the decoder arrays, and each decoder uses a data protocol to request data from a respective data mover computer.

摘要翻译： 用于从存储的MPEG视频剪辑产生多个并发实时视频流的系统包括视频服务器和至少一个MPEG解码器阵列。 解码器阵列具有多个解码器对，每对具有用于在指定时间从一对解码器切换到另一个的视频切换器。 可以从指定的Out-Point帧到指定的In-point帧进行切换，并且指定的帧可以是图像组（GOP）结构中的任何位置处的任何帧类型。 在优选结构中，视频服务器具有链接到一系列数据移动器计算机的控制器服务器，每个数据移动器计算机控制一个或多个相应的解码器阵列。 数据移动器计算机使用控制协议来控制解码器阵列，并且每个解码器使用数据协议来从相应的数据移动器计算机请求数据。

公开(公告)号：US07096481B1

公开(公告)日：2006-08-22

申请号：US09540306

申请日：2000-03-31

申请人： John Forecast ,  Daniel Gardere ,  Peter Bixby ,  Sorin Faibish ,  Wayne W. Duso

发明人： John Forecast ,  Daniel Gardere ,  Peter Bixby ,  Sorin Faibish ,  Wayne W. Duso

IPC分类号： H04N7/12

CPC分类号： H04N21/44016 ,  H04N21/23406 ,  H04N21/23424 ,  H04N21/23608 ,  H04N21/44004

摘要： Metadata for splicing of an encoded digital motion video stream (such as an MPEG Transport Stream) is prepared in real time while recording at the encoding bit rate and faster than encoded bit rate for off line encoding independent of the bit rate and mechanisms for ingestion of the data stream into data storage. Preprocessing is performed during a metered file transfer protocol (FTP) and includes pseudo real-time encoding. The preprocessing includes Group of Pictures (GOP) level pre-processing of splicing In Points and results in an intimate linkage between metadata and the file system in which the video data is stored. The preferred file system enables access to metadata in parallel to writing the data on disk. The pre-processing is performed simultaneous to writing the data to the disk using a carousel type buffer mechanism.

摘要翻译： 用于编码的数字运动视频流（例如MPEG传输流）的拼接的元数据是以编码比特率记录并且比编码的比特率更快地编码，用于离线编码，独立于比特率和摄取的机制 将数据流转换成数据存储。 预处理在计量文件传输协议（FTP）期间执行，并包括伪实时编码。 预处理包括拼接In点的图像组（GOP）级预处理，并且导致元数据和存储视频数据的文件系统之间的密切连接。 首选文件系统可以并行访问元数据以将数据写入磁盘。 使用轮播式缓冲机制将数据同时写入到磁盘上进行预处理。

公开(公告)号：US06871006B1

公开(公告)日：2005-03-22

申请号：US09608919

申请日：2000-06-30

申请人： Seyfullah H. Oguz ,  Sorin Faibish ,  Daniel Gardere ,  Michel Noury ,  Wayne W. Duso ,  Peter Bixby ,  John Forecast

发明人： Seyfullah H. Oguz ,  Sorin Faibish ,  Daniel Gardere ,  Michel Noury ,  Wayne W. Duso ,  Peter Bixby ,  John Forecast

IPC分类号： G11B27/031 ,  G11B27/034 ,  H04N5/783 ,  H04N7/173 ,  H04N7/24 ,  H04N7/26 ,  H04N7/46 ,  H04N9/804 ,  H04N9/82 ,  H04N5/76

CPC分类号： H04N21/6587 ,  G11B27/031 ,  G11B27/034 ,  H04N5/783 ,  H04N7/17336 ,  H04N9/8042 ,  H04N9/8227 ,  H04N19/132 ,  H04N19/18 ,  H04N19/59 ,  H04N19/70 ,  H04N19/93 ,  H04N21/23424 ,  H04N21/234363 ,  H04N21/234381 ,  H04N21/23439 ,  H04N21/2662 ,  H04N21/44016

摘要： Original-quality MPEG coded video is processed to produce reduced-quality MPEG coded video for trick mode operation by removing non-zero AC DCT coefficients from the 8×8 blocks of I-frames of the MPEG coded video to produce I-frames of reduced-quality MPEG coded video, and inserting freeze frames in the reduced-quality MPEG coded video. Preferably, the coded video is stored in a main file, a fast-forward file and a fast-reverse file. The fast forward file and the fast reverse files contain reduced-quality I frames corresponding to original-quality I frames in the main file. A reading of the main file produces an MPEG transport stream for an audio-visual presentation at a normal rate, a reading of the fast-forward file produces an MPEG transport stream of the audio-visual presentation in a forward direction at a fast rate, and a reading of the fast-reverse file produces an MPEG transport stream of the audio-visual presentation in a reverse direction at a fast rate. Preferably, the files share a volume that includes at least one GOP index associating the corresponding I frames of the files.

摘要翻译： 处理原始质量的MPEG编码视频，以通过从MPEG编码视频的I帧的8×8块中去除非零AC DCT系数来产生用于特技模式操作的低质量MPEG编码视频，以产生低质量的I帧 MPEG编码视频，并且在缩减质量的MPEG编码视频中插入冻结帧。 优选地，编码视频被存储在主文件，快进文件和快速反转文件中。 快进文件和快速反转文件包含与主文件中的原始质量I帧相对应的低质量I帧。 主文件的读取以正常速率产生用于视听呈现的MPEG传输流，快进文件的读取以快速的速率产生前向方向的视听呈现的MPEG传输流， 并且快速反转文件的读取以快速的速率产生相反方向的视听呈现的MPEG传输流。 优选地，文件共享包含关联文件的相应I帧的至少一个GOP索引的卷。

公开(公告)号：US07444662B2

公开(公告)日：2008-10-28

申请号：US09893825

申请日：2001-06-28

申请人： Sorin Faibish ,  John Forecast ,  Ugur Sezer ,  Peter Bixby ,  Wayne W. Duso

发明人： Sorin Faibish ,  John Forecast ,  Ugur Sezer ,  Peter Bixby ,  Wayne W. Duso

IPC分类号： H04N7/173

CPC分类号： H04N21/2407 ,  H04N7/17336 ,  H04N21/2225 ,  H04N21/23106 ,  H04N21/2393 ,  H04N21/26241

摘要： Access to movies ranging from very popular movies to unpopular movies is managed by configuring sets of data movers for associated movie rankings, reserving data mover local cache resources for the most popular movies, reserving a certain number of streams for popular movies, negotiating with a client for selection of available movie titles during peak demand when resources are not available to start any freely-selected movie in disk storage, and managing disk bandwidth and primary and local cache memory and bandwidth resources for popular and unpopular movies. The assignment of resources to movie rankings may remain the same while the rankings of the movies are adjusted, for example, during off-peak hours. A movie locked in primary cache and providing a source for servicing a number of video streams may be demoted from primary cache to disk in favor of servicing one or more streams of a higher-ranking movie.

摘要翻译： 访问从非常受欢迎的电影到不受欢迎的电影的电影通过配置用于相关电影排名的数据移动器组，为最受欢迎的电影预留数据移动器本地缓存资源，为流行电影预留一定数量的流，与客户协商 用于在资源不可用时在磁盘存储中启动任意自由选择的电影以及管理磁盘带宽以及主流和本地高速缓冲存储器以及流行和不受欢迎的电影带宽资源时，在峰值需求期间选择可用的电影标题。 例如，在非高峰时段，电影排名的调配可能会保持不变，同时电影排名也会保持不变。 锁定在主缓存中并提供用于服务多个视频流的源的电影可以从主缓存降级到磁盘，有利于维护较高排名电影的一个或多个流。

公开(公告)号：US06907081B2

公开(公告)日：2005-06-14

申请号：US09823024

申请日：2001-03-30

申请人： Raymond Mantchala ,  John Forecast ,  Peter Bixby ,  Sorin Faibish ,  Michel Noury ,  Wayne W. Duso

发明人： Raymond Mantchala ,  John Forecast ,  Peter Bixby ,  Sorin Faibish ,  Michel Noury ,  Wayne W. Duso

IPC分类号： G06T9/00 ,  H04N7/26 ,  H04N21/234 ,  H04N21/44 ,  H04N21/845 ,  H04N7/12 ,  H04N11/02 ,  H04N11/04

CPC分类号： H04N19/46 ,  H04N19/87 ,  H04N21/23412 ,  H04N21/23424 ,  H04N21/44016 ,  H04N21/8455

摘要： Coded video from an on-line MPEG video encoder is stored as a clip in a video server or is otherwise received in the video server and prepared or used for splicing. In order to reduce apparent frame inaccuracy that may result from the splicing process, the on-line MPEG video encoder and the server are coordinated so that the group-of-picture (GOP) structure in the encoder provides specified In-points and Out-points that are valid and desirable for splicing. An encoder control protocol is also provided for remote control of the on-line MPEG video encoder in order to coordinate the on-line MPEG video encoder with the video server.

摘要翻译： 来自在线MPEG视频编码器的编码视频作为剪辑存储在视频服务器中，否则被接收在视频服务器中并且准备或用于拼接。 为了减少拼接过程可能导致的视差帧错误，在线MPEG视频编码器和服务器被协调，使得编码器中的图像组（GOP）结构提供指定的In点和Out- 拼接有效和可取的点。 还提供编码器控制协议用于远程控制在线MPEG视频编码器，以便在线MPEG视频编码器与视频服务器协调。

公开(公告)号：US06792047B1

公开(公告)日：2004-09-14

申请号：US09539747

申请日：2000-03-31

申请人： Peter Bixby ,  John Forecast ,  Daniel Gardere ,  Sorin Faibish ,  Wayne W. Duso

发明人： Peter Bixby ,  John Forecast ,  Daniel Gardere ,  Sorin Faibish ,  Wayne W. Duso

IPC分类号： H04N712

CPC分类号： H04N21/44016 ,  H04N21/23424 ,  H04N21/23608 ,  H04N21/23611

摘要： Time stamps in an encoded digital motion video data stream (such as an MPEG Transport Stream) are re-stamped for seamless splicing. The re-stamping includes attainment of Presentation Time Stamp (PTS) agreement in the video stream, alignment of audio stream and video stream Presentation Time Stamps, and re-stamping of the Program Clock Reference (PCR) to eliminate jitter and to comply with MPEG standards. The MPEG compliance is achieved by padding, stuffing and insertion of freeze B and P frames and pre-encoded black I frames. Freeze frame insertion can be also achieved by replacing B and P frames by, smaller in size, freeze B and P frames respectively. No frames are discarded such that both spatial and temporal frame accuracy (no extra frame insertion assumed) is achieved. Moreover, padding is inserted into the data stream to compensate for irregularities in the decoder buffer level, and the audio and video buffer levels are managed dynamically to recover from data miss-delivery to minimize secondary effects, including prediction of errors, inducing freeze or skip, and insertion of padding. The start of the play of the second MPEG stream spliced to the first one is frame accurate and starts as scheduled based on the use of an external clock signal in a stream server computer.

摘要翻译： 经编码的数字运动视频数据流（例如MPEG传输流）中的时间戳被重新标记以用于无缝拼接。 重新标记包括在视频流中实现呈现时间戳（PTS）协议，音频流和视频流呈现时间戳的对准以及程序时钟参考（PCR）的重新标记以消除抖动并遵守MPEG 标准。 通过填充，填充和插入冻结B和P​​帧以及预编码的黑色I帧来实现MPEG符合性。 也可以通过将B和P帧分别代替较小的B帧和P帧来实现冻结帧插入。 不丢弃任何帧，从而实现空间和时间帧精度（不考虑额外的帧插入）。 此外，将填充插入到数据流中以补偿解码器缓冲器级别中的不规则性，并且动态地管理音频和视频缓冲器级别以从数据未命中传送恢复以最小化次要效应，包括误差预测，诱导冻结或跳过 ，并插入填充。 拼接到第一MPEG的第二MPEG流的播放的开始是帧精确的，并且基于流服务器计算机中的外部时钟信号的使用而按照调度开始。

公开(公告)号：US06678332B1

公开(公告)日：2004-01-13

申请号：US09540347

申请日：2000-03-31

申请人： Daniel Gardere ,  John Forecast ,  Peter Bixby ,  Sorin Faibish ,  Wayne W. Duso ,  Seyfullah H. Oguz ,  Sebastian Keller ,  Michel Noury ,  Jean Louis Rochette

发明人： Daniel Gardere ,  John Forecast ,  Peter Bixby ,  Sorin Faibish ,  Wayne W. Duso ,  Seyfullah H. Oguz ,  Sebastian Keller ,  Michel Noury ,  Jean Louis Rochette

IPC分类号： H04B166

CPC分类号： H04N21/23424 ,  H04N21/23608 ,  H04N21/41407 ,  H04N21/44016

摘要： Predictive analysis is performed upon encoded digital motion video (such as an MPEG Transport Stream) to facilitate real-time splicing. The predictive analysis includes estimation of upper and lower bounds of the data levels in a decoder's video and audio buffers for splicing in such a way as to prevent buffer overflow and underflow. This enables buffer management techniques including padding or stuffing, micro-restamping, freeze or repeat of frames, skip or drop of frames, alignment of audio with video. The predictive analysis also includes analysis of the structure of the encoded audio including audio access units (AAUs) and compression windows (AFs), prediction in the compressed domain of initial conditions of the decoder buffer levels for every single Elementary Stream (ES) component of a Transport Stream (TS), and identification of valid splicing In Points and Out Points based on the predicted buffer levels without any special encoder. This permits splicing of different compressed audio types without consideration of the details of the compression mechanism. The predictive analysis may also include recommendations or marking. The analysis is performed on ingest of the data as a pre-processing in preparation for splicing of a new file on early queuing in a data storage system before streaming.

摘要翻译： 在编码的数字运动视频（例如MPEG传输流）上执行预测分析以便于实时拼接。 预测分析包括在解码器的视频和音频缓冲器中估计数据电平的上限和下限以进行拼接，以防止缓冲器溢出和下溢。 这使得能够实现缓冲器管理技术，包括填充或填充，微型停止，帧的冻结或重复，帧的跳过或掉落，音频与视频的对齐。 预测分析还包括对包括音频访问单元（AAU）和压缩窗口（AF）的编码音频的结构的分析，在压缩域中对每个单个基本流（ES）分量的解码器缓冲器级别的初始条件的预测 传输流（TS），以及基于没有任何特殊编码器的预测缓冲器级别来识别有效拼接点和点。 这允许不考虑压缩机构的细节来剪接不同的压缩音频类型。 预测分析还可能包括建议或标记。 对数据进行分析，作为预处理，准备在流媒体之前在数据存储系统的早期排队中拼接新文件。

公开(公告)号：US06959116B2

公开(公告)日：2005-10-25

申请号：US09955505

申请日：2001-09-18

申请人： Ugur Sezer ,  Sorin Faibish ,  Seyfullah H. Oguz ,  Wayne W. Duso

发明人： Ugur Sezer ,  Sorin Faibish ,  Seyfullah H. Oguz ,  Wayne W. Duso

IPC分类号： G06T9/00 ,  G06K9/38

CPC分类号： G06T9/005 ,  G06T9/007

摘要： Transform coefficients for blocks of pixels in an original picture are quantized to produce respective sets of quantization indices for the blocks of pixels. The quantization indices for at least some of the blocks are produced by using a quantization step size that is not uniform within each block. Largest magnitude quantization indices are selected from the respective sets of quantization indices for (run, level) encoding to produce the (run, level) encoded picture. For example, MPEG-2 coded video includes a set of non-zero AC discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients for 8×8 blocks of pixels. For scaling the MPEG-2 coded video, non-zero AC DCT coefficients are removed from the MPEG-2 coded video to produce reduced-quality MPEG-2 coded video that includes no more than a selected number of largest magnitude quantization indices for the non-zero AC DCT coefficients for each 8×8 block.

摘要翻译： 对原始图像中的像素块的变换系数进行量化，以产生用于像素块的各组量化索引。 通过使用在每个块内不均匀的量化步长来产生至少一些块的量化索引。 从用于（运行，电平）编码的各组量化索引中选择最大幅度量化索引以产生（运行，电平）编码图像。 例如，MPEG-2编码视频包括用于8×8个像素块的一组非零AC离散余弦变换（DCT）系数。 为了缩放MPEG-2编码视频，从MPEG-2编码视频中去除非零AC DCT系数，以产生低质量的MPEG-2编码视频，该视频包括不超过非选择数量的非最大幅度量化索引， 每个8×8块的 - 零AC DCT系数。

公开(公告)号：US06968091B2

公开(公告)日：2005-11-22

申请号：US09955225

申请日：2001-09-18

申请人： Sorin Faibish ,  Ugur Sezer ,  Seyfullah H. Oguz ,  Wayne W. Duso

发明人： Sorin Faibish ,  Ugur Sezer ,  Seyfullah H. Oguz ,  Wayne W. Duso

IPC分类号： G06T9/00 ,  G06K9/38

CPC分类号： G06T9/005

摘要： The (run, level) pairs in an original series are inspected to determine whether or not modification of the (run, level) pairs would produce a desirable decrease in a number of bits required for variable-length encoding of the series of (run, level) pairs, despite introduction of noise. If so, the (run, level) pairs are modified prior to variable-length encoding. For example, a (run, level) pair of (M, N) is modified by substitution of a first (run, level) pair of (M−1, 1) immediately followed by a second (run, level) pair of (0, N). A lookup table or testing of predetermined ranges of run length and level magnitude provides a fast determination of whether or not to modify a (run, level) pair. The decoder can be programmed to reduce the noise introduced by this process by recognizing and rejecting (run, level) pairs that are likely to have been inserted during the encoding process.

摘要翻译： 检查原始系列中的（运行，级别）对以确定（运行，级别）对的修改是否将在系列的可变长度编码所需的位数中产生期望的减少（运行， 水平）对，尽管引入了噪音。 如果是，则在可变长度编码之前修改（运行，级别）对。 例如，（M，N）的（运行，级别）对通过替换（M-1，1）的第一（运行，级别）对紧跟着第二（运行，级别） 0，N）。 查找表或测试运行长度和电平幅度的预定范围提供了是否修改（运行，电平）对的快速确定。 解码器可被编程为通过识别和拒绝在编码过程中可能被插入的（运行，级别）对来减少由该过程引入的噪声。

公开(公告)号：US06937770B1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-30

申请号：US09750565

申请日：2000-12-28

申请人： Seyfullah H. Oguz ,  Sorin Faibish ,  Wayne W. Duso

发明人： Seyfullah H. Oguz ,  Sorin Faibish ,  Wayne W. Duso

IPC分类号： G06K9/36 ,  H04N7/26 ,  H04N7/50

CPC分类号： H04N19/132 ,  H04N19/176 ,  H04N19/18 ,  H04N19/40 ,  H04N19/61

摘要： Original-quality MPEG coded video is processed to produce reduced-quality MPEG coded video at a reduced bit rate. The processing is based on a scale factor between average frame size of the original-quality MPEG coded video and a desired average frame size of the reduced-quality MPEG coded video. For each Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) block of each frame, the processing calculates a size of the block of the reduced frame by scaling the original block size by the scale factor, and removes a sufficient number of bits from the original block to obtain substantially the calculated size. In addition, the processing accumulates excess bits when the block size reduction eliminates more bits from a block than are necessary for the desired reduction of the size of the block, and any excess bits are used for processing a number of following blocks.

摘要翻译： 处理原始质量的MPEG编码视频，以降低的比特率产生低质量的MPEG编码视频。 该处理基于原始质量MPEG编码视频的平均帧大小与缩减质量MPEG编码视频的期望平均帧大小之间的比例因子。 对于每个帧的每个离散余弦变换（DCT）块，该处理通过按比例因子缩放原始块大小来计算缩小帧的块的大小，并从原始块中移除足够数量的比特以获得基本上 计算大小。 此外，当块大小减少消除块比块所需的减小块大小所需的更多位时，处理会累积超出位，并且使用任何多余的比特来处理多个后续块。