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    Photomask assembly incorporating a metal/scavenger pellicle frame
    1.
    发明申请
    Photomask assembly incorporating a metal/scavenger pellicle frame 审中-公开
    包含金属/清除剂防护薄膜框架的光掩模组件

    公开(公告)号：US20060246234A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-11-02

    申请号：US11407691

    申请日：2006-04-19

    申请人： Douglas Meyers ,  Rahul Ganguli ,  Troy Robinson ,  Robert Gump ,  Steven Colbern ,  Fikret Kirkbir

    发明人： Douglas Meyers ,  Rahul Ganguli ,  Troy Robinson ,  Robert Gump ,  Steven Colbern ,  Fikret Kirkbir

    IPC分类号： G03F1/14

    CPC分类号： G03F1/64 ,  G03F7/70933 ,  G03F7/70983 ,  Y10T428/24793 ,  Y10T428/3154 ,  Y10T428/31544

    摘要： A photomask assembly is disclosed having a photomask substrate and a composite pellicle frame that includes both a metallic frame component and a scavenger component. The metallic frame component has a cross-sectional thickness of at least 100 micrometers in all directions, and the volume percentage of the scavenger component relative to the overall volume of the composite frame is in the range of 0.1 to 95%. The scavenger component has a gas permeability to oxygen or nitrogen greater than about 10 ml·mm/cm2·min·MPa, an average pore size between 0.001 and 10 micrometers, and a pore surface area greater than 10 m2/g. This configuration enables the pellicle frame to have sufficient strength to withstand stresses encountered during normal use, yet also to have the capability of scavenging impurity molecules from the space adjacent to the photomask substrate. In a separate and independent feature of the invention, the scavenger component comprises at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of oxides of aluminum, boron, cerium, cobalt, copper, erbium, hafnium, lanthanum, neodymium, praseodymium, scandium, silicon, titanium, yttrium, zirconium, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the metal oxide is an oxide of zirconium, yttrium, or mixtures thereof.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种光掩模组件，其具有光掩模基板和包括金属框架部件和清除部件的复合防护薄膜框架。 金属框架部件在所有方向上具有至少100微米的横截面厚度，并且清除剂部件相对于复合框架的总体积的体积百分比在0.1至95％的范围内。 清除剂组分对氧气或氮气的气体渗透性大于约10毫升/厘米3·秒/秒/秒·秒·分钟·MPa，平均孔径为0.001〜10微米，孔表面积大于 10微克/克。 这种构造使得防护薄膜框架具有足够的强度以承受在正常使用期间遇到的应力，而且还具有从邻近光掩模基板的空间中清除杂质分子的能力。 在本发明的独立和独立的特征中，清除剂组分包括选自铝，硼，铈，钴，铜，铒，铪，镧，钕，镨，钪，硅的氧化物中的至少一种金属氧化物 ，钛，钇，锆及其混合物。 优选地，金属氧化物是锆，钇或其混合物的氧化物。

    Sol-gel process using porous mold
    3.
    发明授权
    Sol-gel process using porous mold 失效
    溶胶 - 凝胶法使用多孔模具

    公开(公告)号：US06514454B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-02-04

    申请号：US09807109

    申请日：2001-04-05

    申请人： Rahul Ganguli ,  Fikret Kirkbir ,  Douglas Meyers

    发明人： Rahul Ganguli ,  Fikret Kirkbir ,  Douglas Meyers

    IPC分类号： C04B3514

    CPC分类号： C04B35/111 ,  C01B33/1585 ,  C01B33/163 ,  C03C1/006 ,  C03C3/06 ,  C03C2201/31 ,  C03C2201/3476 ,  C03C2203/26 ,  C04B35/14 ,  C04B35/46 ,  C04B35/624 ,  C04B2235/3287

    摘要： A sol-gel process for producing dry porous gel monoliths, e.g., silica glass monoliths, in which the successive process steps of gelling, aging and drying all occur within a mold formed of a selected porous material, e.g., graphite. The mold is inert to the gel solution and it has sufficient strength to withstand the temperatures and pressures encountered during the process. The mold and gel thereby can remain within a sealed autoclave during these process steps, and mechanical handling of the mold and the gel are minimized. This substantially enhances the process' efficiency. Alternatively, the mold can have a non-porous inner skin to enhance ease of cleaning of the mold, and of removal of the gel.

    摘要翻译： 用于生产干多孔凝胶整料（例如石英玻璃整料）的溶胶 - 凝胶方法，其中连续的胶凝，老化和干燥的工艺步骤全部发生在由选定的多孔材料例如石墨形成的模具内。 模具对凝胶溶液是惰性的，并且其具有足够的强度以承受在该过程中遇到的温度和压力。 因此，在这些工艺步骤期间，模具和凝胶可以保持在密封的高压釜内，并且模具和凝胶的机械处理最小化。 这大大提高了工艺的效率。 或者，模具可以具有无孔内皮，以增强模具的清洁容易性和去除凝胶。

    Yeast biofilm based fuel cell
    4.
    发明授权
    Yeast biofilm based fuel cell 有权
    酵母生物膜基燃料电池

    公开(公告)号：US08546002B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-10-01

    申请号：US12606056

    申请日：2009-10-26

    申请人： Rahul Ganguli ,  Vivek Mehrotra

    发明人： Rahul Ganguli ,  Vivek Mehrotra

    IPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  H01M8/00

    CPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  C12N1/16 ,  C12N11/14 ,  C12N13/00 ,  Y02E60/527 ,  Y02P70/56

    摘要： A yeast biofilm microbial fuel cell has anode and cathode chambers, each containing an electrolyte medium, separated by a proton conducting membrane. A baker's yeast biofilm is induced to form on the anode under electrical poising. A method of making the MFC includes adding baker's yeast and yeast nutrient fuel source to the anode solution, connecting a resistor across the anode and cathode to enable current flow through the resistor for a selected time for poising the anode and formation of the anodic yeast biofilm, replacing the anode solution with a fresh quantity of yeast-free solution, adding fuel source to the solution, and continuing to run the MFC for a selected time under resistance. The steps of replacing the anode solution, adding fuel source and running the cell under load are repeated until the baker's yeast has formed a suitable anodic biofilm.

    摘要翻译： 酵母生物膜微生物燃料电池具有阳极室和阴极室，每个室包含由质子传导膜隔开的电解质介质。 在电气起动下，在阳极上诱导面包师的酵母生物膜形成。 制造MFC的方法包括将面包师的酵母和酵母营养燃料源加入到阳极溶液中，在阳极和阴极之间连接电阻器，以使电流流过电阻器一段选择的时间用于阳极氧化和形成阳极酵母生物膜 ，用新鲜的无酵母溶液代替阳极溶液，向溶液中加入燃料源，并在电阻下继续运行MFC一段选定的时间。 重复更换阳极溶液，添加燃料源和运行电池的步骤，直到面包师的酵母形成合适的阳极生物膜。

    SYSTEM FOR MITIGATING MARINE BIO-FOULING OF AN UNDERWATER STRUCTURE
    5.
    发明申请
    SYSTEM FOR MITIGATING MARINE BIO-FOULING OF AN UNDERWATER STRUCTURE 有权
    水下结构的海洋生物泄漏系统

    公开(公告)号：US20110081207A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-04-07

    申请号：US12572010

    申请日：2009-10-01

    申请人： Rahul Ganguli ,  Vivek Mehrotra

    发明人： Rahul Ganguli ,  Vivek Mehrotra

    IPC分类号： E02D5/60

    CPC分类号： B63B59/00 ,  Y02T70/121

    摘要： A biomimetic system for mitigating marine bio-fouling is disclosed which is based upon the sacrificial skin mechanism found in the pilot whale species. The anti-bio-fouling system is characterized by the continuous in-situ underwater formation of a conformal protective skin around a submerged object or structure and employs a circulatory system embedded in a diffuser layer conformably fitted and secured to the structure to controllably deliver a sacrificial skin-forming material to the structural surface. The system advantageously utilizes the unique chemical properties of the skin-forming material to alter the material's viscosity in response to contact with sea water such that the material is uniformly distributed over the structure surface by a self-diffusion process, notwithstanding structural configuration or gravitational orientation, thus forming a stabilized waterproof layer or sacrificial skin. The sacrificial skin controllably self-dissolves and is shed in response to continuous contact with sea water, thereby carrying away the marine bio-fouling material.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种减轻海洋生物污染的仿生系统，其基于在飞行员鲸鱼物种中发现的牺牲皮肤机制。 防生物污染系统的特征在于在水下物体或结构周围连续原位水下形成保形皮肤，并采用嵌入扩散层中的循环系统，该扩散层适配并固定到结构上以可控地传送牺牲物 成皮材料到结构表面。 该系统有利地利用皮肤形成材料的独特化学性质来响应于与海水接触而改变材料的粘度，使得材料通过自扩散方法均匀地分布在结构表面上，尽管结构构型或重力取向 ，从而形成稳定的防水层或牺牲性皮肤。 牺牲皮肤可控地自我溶解并且响应于与海水的持续接触而脱落，从而携带海洋生物污损物质。

    Magnetic graphite nanoplatelets
    7.
    发明授权
    Magnetic graphite nanoplatelets 有权
    磁石墨纳米片

    公开(公告)号：US08075794B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-12-13

    申请号：US12166170

    申请日：2008-07-01

    申请人： Rahul Ganguli ,  Julia J. Mack ,  Vivek Mehrotra

    发明人： Rahul Ganguli ,  Julia J. Mack ,  Vivek Mehrotra

    IPC分类号： H01F1/28 ,  H01F1/20 ,  C01B31/04

    CPC分类号： C08J5/005 ,  B82Y25/00 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  H01F1/0063 ,  Y10T428/31678

    摘要： Provided is a magnetic graphite nanoplatelet, and a method of manufacturing nanocomposites by introducing the magnetic nanoplatelets into a composite matrix. Expanded crystalline graphite, in the form of graphite nanoplatelets, is mixed with magnetic particles to adhere the particles to the nanoplatelets. The magnetic graphite nanoplatelets are combined with a composite matrix, typically a polymer, to form a nanocomposite. In the presence of an applied magnetic field, the magnetic graphite nanoplatelets orient and align consistent with the magnetic field to yield a composite having enhance mechanical, electrical and thermal properties.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种磁性石墨纳米血小板，以及通过将磁性纳米片引入复合基质中制造纳米复合材料的方法。 以石墨纳米片形式的膨胀结晶石墨与磁性颗粒混合以将颗粒粘附到纳米片上。 将磁性石墨纳米片与复合基质（通常为聚合物）组合以形成纳米复合材料。 在施加的磁场的存在下，磁性石墨纳米片取向并与磁场一致，以产生具有增强的机械，电和热性能的复合材料。

    YEAST BIOFILM BASED FUEL CELL
    9.
    发明申请
    YEAST BIOFILM BASED FUEL CELL 有权
    基于YEAST BIOFILM的燃料电池

    公开(公告)号：US20110097605A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-04-28

    申请号：US12606056

    申请日：2009-10-26

    申请人： Rahul Ganguli ,  Vivek Mehrotra

    发明人： Rahul Ganguli ,  Vivek Mehrotra

    IPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  C12N13/00

    CPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  C12N1/16 ,  C12N11/14 ,  C12N13/00 ,  Y02E60/527 ,  Y02P70/56

    摘要： A yeast biofilm microbial fuel cell has anode and cathode chambers, each containing an electrolyte medium, separated by a proton conducting membrane. A baker's yeast biofilm is induced to form on the anode under electrical poising. A method of making the MFC includes adding baker's yeast and yeast nutrient fuel source to the anode solution, connecting a resistor across the anode and cathode to enable current flow through the resistor for a selected time for poising the anode and formation of the anodic yeast biofilm, replacing the anode solution with a fresh quantity of yeast-free solution, adding fuel source to the solution, and continuing to run the MFC for a selected time under resistance. The steps of replacing the anode solution, adding fuel source and running the cell under load are repeated until the baker's yeast has formed a suitable anodic biofilm.

    摘要翻译： 酵母生物膜微生物燃料电池具有阳极室和阴极室，每个室包含由质子传导膜隔开的电解质介质。 在电气起动下，在阳极上诱导面包师的酵母生物膜形成。 制造MFC的方法包括将面包师的酵母和酵母营养燃料源加入到阳极溶液中，在阳极和阴极之间连接电阻器，以使电流流过电阻器一段选择的时间用于阳极氧化和形成阳极酵母生物膜 ，用新鲜的无酵母溶液代替阳极溶液，向溶液中加入燃料源，并在电阻下继续运行MFC一段选定的时间。 重复更换阳极溶液，添加燃料源和运行电池的步骤，直到面包师的酵母形成合适的阳极生物膜。