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公开(公告)号：US07322565B2
公开(公告)日：2008-01-29
申请号：US11199697
申请日：2005-08-09
IPC分类号： B01F3/04
CPC分类号： B01F3/04539 , B01F3/2215 , B01F7/00641 , B01F2003/04546 , B01F2003/04567 , B01F2015/061 , B01F2215/0427 , B01F2215/0431 , B01F2215/0472 , B01F2215/0481 , B01J19/0066 , B01J2219/00076
摘要： The invention describes a stirring device made from a gassing stirrer and a liquid mixer or two liquid mixers, which are arranged on a shaft and each have a feed and at least one exit opening, wherein the exit openings of the gassing stirrer and of the liquid mixer or the liquid mixers are at a distance from one another, the ratio, a/d, of the distance, a, between the exit openings to the diameter, d, of the gassing stirrer or liquid mixer being 0.02 to 0.5 and the ratio, b/d, of the distance, b, between the outer edges to the diameter, d, of the gassing stirrer or liquid mixer being 0.01 to 0.4.
摘要翻译： 本发明描述了一种由排气搅拌器和液体混合器或两个液体混合器制成的搅拌装置，它们设置在轴上，每个具有进料和至少一个出口，其中排气搅拌器和液体的出口 混合器或液体混合器彼此间隔一定距离，排气口与吹气搅拌器或液体混合器的直径d之间的距离a的比值a / d为0.02至0.5， b / d之间的距离b，在外边缘与排气搅拌器或液体混合器的直径d之间的距离b为0.01至0.4。
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公开(公告)号：US06984762B2
公开(公告)日：2006-01-10
申请号：US10780266
申请日：2004-02-17
申请人： Erwin Dieterich , Anke Hielscher , Berthold Keggenhoff , Manfred Keller-Killewald , Jürgen Münnig , Dietmar Wastian
发明人： Erwin Dieterich , Anke Hielscher , Berthold Keggenhoff , Manfred Keller-Killewald , Jürgen Münnig , Dietmar Wastian
IPC分类号： C07C205/00
CPC分类号： C07C201/16 , C07C201/08 , C07C205/06
摘要： The invention relates to a process for the production of dinitrotoluene by the two-stage nitration of toluene. In the first stage of this process, toluene was reacted adiabatically with nitrating acid so that at least 90% of the toluene was reacted off and no more than 70% of the toluene formed dinitrotoluene. The resulting organic phase containing mononitrotoluene and the aqueous acid phase containing sulfuric acid were separated, and the aqueous acid phase containing sulfuric acid was concentrated by flash evaporation. The resulting concentrated sulfuric acid was recycled into the reaction in the first stage, and/or into the reaction in the second stage, and/or into the concentration in the second stage.In the second stage, the organic phase containing mononitrotoluene from the first stage was completely reacted isothermally with nitrating acid. The organic phase and the aqueous acid phase containing sulfuric acid were then separated, and the aqueous acid phase containing sulfuric acid was concentrated by vacuum evaporation. The resulting concentrated sulfuric acid was recycled into the reaction in the first stage and/or the second stage.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及通过甲苯二段硝化生产二硝基甲苯的方法。 在该方法的第一阶段，将甲苯与硝酸进行绝热反应，使得甲苯的至少90％反应，并且不超过70％的甲苯形成二硝基甲苯。 分离含有单硝基甲苯和含硫酸水相的所得有机相，通过闪蒸浓缩含硫酸水相。 将所得浓硫酸在第一阶段循环进入反应，和/或在第二阶段进入反应，和/或在第二阶段中浓缩。 在第二阶段，含有来自第一阶段的一硝基甲苯的有机相与硝酸一起等温共同反应。 然后分离含有硫酸的有机相和含水酸相，真空蒸发浓缩含硫酸的酸水溶液。 所得浓硫酸在第一阶段和/或第二阶段循环进入反应。
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公开(公告)号：US07442835B2
公开(公告)日：2008-10-28
申请号：US11211898
申请日：2005-08-25
IPC分类号： C07C51/58
CPC分类号： B01J8/0085 , B01J8/067 , B01J19/002 , B01J2208/00221 , B01J2208/00522 , B01J2208/00539 , B01J2208/00849 , B01J2208/025 , B01J2219/00268 , C01B32/80 , Y02P20/124
摘要： The invention relates to a process for the production of phosgene, in which chlorine and carbon monoxide are reacted in the presence of an activated charcoal catalyst in a shell-and-tube reactor which contains a plurality of reaction tubes and a coolant space surrounding the reaction tubes, in which a) cooling of the reaction tubes is from the outside through the coolant space with water by evaporative cooling, and b) operation of the reaction tubes is at a pressure above the pressure in the coolant space.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种生产光气的方法，其中氯和一氧化碳在活性炭催化剂存在下在壳管式反应器中反应，其中包含多个反应管和围绕反应的冷却剂空间 管，其中a）通过蒸发冷却将反应管的冷却从外部通过冷却剂空间与水，以及b）反应管的操作处于高于冷却剂空间中的压力的压力。
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4.发明授权Process for working up secondary components in the preparation of dinitrotoluene 有权在制备二硝基甲苯时处理次要组分的方法公开(公告)号：US06953869B2
公开(公告)日：2005-10-11
申请号：US10878079
申请日：2004-06-28
IPC分类号： C07C201/08 , C02F1/26 , C02F1/66 , C02F9/00 , C07C201/16 , C07C205/06 , C07C205/00
CPC分类号： C02F1/26 , C02F1/66 , C02F9/00 , C02F2103/36 , C07C201/16 , C07C205/06
摘要： The present invention relates to a process for working up organic secondary components which are formed in the one-stage or two-stage nitration of toluene to dinitrotoluene. These organic secondary components are present in the acidic and alkaline waste water from the dinitrotoluene washing step and in the aqueous distillate from the sulfuric acid concentration step, together with small amounts of mononitrotoluene and dinitrotoluene. This process comprises a) combining the acidic and alkaline waste waters from the washing step and the aqueous distillate from the sulfuric acid concentration step such that the resulting mixture has a pH below 5, b) separating the aqueous and organic phases which form by phase separation, and c) recycling the organic phase from step b) into the nitration process.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种处理甲苯一硝基甲苯硝化成二硝基甲苯形成有机二次成分的方法。 这些有机次要组分存在于来自二硝基甲苯洗涤步骤的酸性和碱性废水中以及来自硫酸浓缩步骤的含水馏出物中，以及少量的一硝基甲苯和二硝基甲苯。 该方法包括：a）从硫酸浓缩步骤中将洗涤步骤的酸性和碱性废水与含水馏出物混合，使得所得混合物的pH值低于5，b）分离通过相分离形成的水相和有机相 ，和c）将来自步骤b）的有机相再循环到硝化过程中。
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5.发明授权Process for working up the waste water obtained in the preparation of dinitrotoluene 有权处理二硝基甲苯制备中得到的废水的方法公开(公告)号：US06936741B2
公开(公告)日：2005-08-30
申请号：US10878211
申请日：2004-06-28
IPC分类号： B01D19/00 , B01D11/04 , C02F1/20 , C02F1/26 , C02F1/52 , C02F9/00 , C07C201/06 , C07C201/16 , C07C205/00
CPC分类号： C02F1/26 , C02F1/66 , C02F9/00 , C02F2103/36 , C07C201/16 , C07C205/06 , C07C205/22 , C07C205/24 , C07C205/57
摘要： The present invention relates to a process for working up or treating aqueous waste waters which are formed during the nitration of toluene to dinitrotoluene with nitrating acid. These aqueous waste waters containing acidic wash water and alkaline wash water from the dinitrotoluene washing step, and distillate from the sulfuric acid concentration step. The process comprises, a) combining the acidic and alkaline waste waters from the washing step and the aqueous distillate from the sulfuric acid concentration step such that the resulting mixture has a pH below 5, b) separating the aqueous and organic phases which are formed by phase separation, c) subjecting the aqueous phase from b) to an extraction step, wherein d) the organic components contained in the aqueous phase from c) are extracted with toluene, and e) introducing the toluene phase enriched with the organic components into the toluene nitration.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种处理或处理在用硝酸将甲苯硝化成二硝基甲苯期间形成的废水的处理方法。 这些含有来自二硝基甲苯洗涤步骤的酸性洗涤水和碱性洗涤水的含水废水，以及来自硫酸浓缩步骤的馏出物。 该方法包括：a）将来自洗涤步骤的酸性和碱性废水与来自硫酸浓缩步骤的含水馏出物混合，使得所得混合物的pH值低于5，b）将由下式形成的水相和有机相分离： 相分离，c）使来自b）的水相进行萃取步骤，其中d）来自c）的水相中含有的有机组分用甲苯萃取，e）将富含有机组分的甲苯相引入 甲苯硝化。
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公开(公告)号：US06332949B1
公开(公告)日：2001-12-25
申请号：US09269633
申请日：1999-03-30
IPC分类号： B01D100
CPC分类号： C01B17/88 , Y10S159/02 , Y10S159/16 , Y10S159/19
摘要： A process for concentrating spent sulphuric acids particularly sulphuric acids which arise during the nitration of hydrocarbons with nitric acid in the presence of sulphuric acid, wherein single- or multi-stage concentration is effected under vacuum.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在硫酸存在下用硝酸硝化烃中产生的废硫酸，特别是硫酸的方法，其中在真空下进行单级或多级浓缩。
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公开(公告)号：US20130204043A1
公开(公告)日：2013-08-08
申请号：US13812690
申请日：2011-07-26
IPC分类号： C07C201/14
CPC分类号： C07C201/14 , C07C201/08 , C07C201/16 , C07C209/36 , C07C205/06 , C07C211/46
摘要： The present invention relates to a continuous process for the production of nitrobenzene by nitration of benzene with nitric acid or mixtures of nitric acid and sulfuric acid to give a crude nitrobenzene, washing of the crude nitrobenzene by means of at least one of each of an acid, alkaline and neutral washing, there being obtained a pre-purified nitrobenzene which, as well as containing nitrobenzene, at least contains also low boilers, optionally middle boilers as well as high boilers and salts, wherein the pre-purified nitrobenzene is purified further by separating off low boilers in a distillation apparatus by evaporation of the low boilers, and separation of nitrobenzene from the resulting further purified nitrobenzene in a distillation apparatus by partial evaporation of nitrobenzene, wherein pure nitrobenzene is removed from the distillation apparatus in gaseous form and is subsequently condensed, and wherein the non-evaporated portion of the further purified nitrobenzene is fed back into the washing at any desired point.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及通过用硝酸或硝酸和硫酸的混合物硝化硝酸生产硝基苯的连续方法，得到粗硝基苯，通过以下各项中的至少一种酸洗粗硝基苯 碱性和中性洗涤，得到预纯化的硝基苯以及含有硝基苯，至少还含有低锅炉，任选的中间锅炉以及高锅炉和盐，其中预纯化的硝基苯进一步通过 通过蒸发低沸点锅炉将蒸馏装置中的低锅炉分离出来，并通过硝基苯的部分蒸发在蒸馏装置中将硝基苯与所得到的进一步纯化的硝基苯分离，其中将纯硝基苯以气态从蒸馏装置中除去，随后 冷凝，并且其中进一步纯化的硝基苯的未蒸发部分进料 回到任何想要的点的洗涤。
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