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公开(公告)号：US5403964A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-04
申请号：US187672
申请日：1994-01-27
摘要： The present invention relates to enhanced process for converting certain ethers, such as sec-butyl ether and isopropyl ether to their corresponding reaction products in the presence of water. This may be accomplished by adding a rate enhancing surfactant, such as an anionic or cationic surfactant to a mixture of the ether and water, preferably least about 10.sup.-5 molar surfactant. Under those conditions the reaction shows an increase in reaction rate over the rate of the process wherein surfactant is not used.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及在水存在下将某些醚如仲丁醚和异丙醚转化成其相应的反应产物的增强方法。 这可以通过将速率增强表面活性剂例如阴离子或阳离子表面活性剂加入到醚和水的混合物中，优选至少约10-5摩尔表面活性剂来实现。 在这些条件下，该反应显示反应速率相对于不使用表面活性剂的方法的速率增加。
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公开(公告)号：US5453561A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-26
申请号：US187673
申请日：1994-01-27
摘要： The invention concerns a method for reactive separation of mixtures containing hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons, by contacting a mixture of hydrocarbons such as C.sub.2 to C.sub.26 hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof and oxygenated hydrocarbons, such as C.sub.2 to C.sub.40 oxygenated hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof to form a mixture of hydrocarbons and lower molecular weight oxygenated hydrocarbons and heating the mixture in water at temperature typically from about and pressure sufficient to cleave the oxygenated hydrocarbons to lower molecular weight products to form a liquid layer containing water soluble reaction products and an organic layer containing primarily hydrocarbons.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及通过使烃类混合物例如C 2至C 26烃及其混合物和含氧烃如C2至C40含氧烃及其混合物的混合物与烃和氧化烃的混合物进行反应分离的方法，以形成混合物 碳氢化合物和较低分子量的氧化烃，并将混合物在水中加热，其温度通常为足以将氧化烃切割成较低分子量产物的温度，形成含有水溶性反应产物和主要含有烃的有机层的液体层。
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公开(公告)号：US5043486A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-27
申请号：US572485
申请日：1990-08-23
CPC分类号： C07C29/10
摘要： The present invention provides for a simplified process for converting ethers into their corresponding alcohols comprising forming an aqueous mixture of the ether and at least about 50% by weight water and heating the mixture under autogeneous pressure at a temperature of from about 250.degree. to 450.degree. C., more preferably from about 250.degree. C. up to the critical temperature of water which is about 374.degree. C. Heating is continued for a period of time sufficient to convert at least about 20% by weight of the ether, usually from about 5 up to about 120 minutes, depending on temperature and the amount of water present, and the identity of the starting ether feedstock.The process may be characterized as an aquathermolysis reaction wherein the reaction proceeds in water primarily through ionic routes rather than through free radical routes. Accordingly, relatively high conversion rates and good yields of alcohol and other reaction by-products may be obtained without the necessity of using a catalyst in the process.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了将醚转化成其相应的醇的简化方法，包括形成醚的水性混合物和至少约50重量％的水，并在约250-450℃的温度下在自主压力下加热混合物 更优选约250℃至约374℃的水的临界温度。继续加热足够的时间以使至少约20重量％的乙醚转化成通常为约 5至约120分钟，这取决于温度和存在的水的量以及起始醚原料的特性。 该方法可以表征为水解溶解反应，其中反应在水中主要通过离子路线而不是通过自由基途径进行。 因此，可以获得醇和其它反应副产物的相对高的转化率和良好的产率，而不需要在该方法中使用催化剂。
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4.发明授权Process for depolymerization of butyl rubbers and halobutyl rubbers using hot liquid water 失效使用热液体水解丁基橡胶和卤代丁基橡胶的方法
公开(公告)号：US5283318A
公开(公告)日：1994-02-01
申请号：US812175
申请日：1991-12-20
申请人： Ramzi Y. Saleh , Michael Siskin , George Knudsen
发明人： Ramzi Y. Saleh , Michael Siskin , George Knudsen
摘要： The present invention relates to a process for depolymerizing and dehalogenating rubber materials by heating the rubber materials with neutral liquid water at temperatures from about 200.degree. C. up to the critical temperature of water at autogenous pressure. The process has utility in degrading rubber materials, and further does not release hydrogen halogen into a gas phase.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种通过在约200℃至约自然压力的水临界温度的温度下用中性液体水加热橡胶材料来解聚和脱卤橡胶材料的方法。 该方法可用于降解橡胶材料，并且不会将氢卤素释放到气相中。
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公开(公告)号：US5324817A
公开(公告)日：1994-06-28
申请号：US63396
申请日：1993-05-18
CPC分类号： C08F8/26
摘要： The present invention relates to a process for dehydrochlorinating polyvinylchloride polymers to remove about 30 wt % chlorine therefrom by heating the starting materials PVC and deoxygenated liquid water, preferably neutral liquid water at temperatures from about 200.degree. C. up to the critical temperature of water at autogenous pressure to maintain the water as a liquid phase. The process has utility in recycling by enabling PVC to be dechlorinated specifically by a means that does not release chlorine gas.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及通过将起始材料PVC和脱氧液体水（优选中性液体水）在约200℃至约临界温度的温度下加热来除去约30重量％氯的氯乙烯聚合物脱氯化氢的方法 自发压力保持水为液相。 该方法可以通过使PVC不特别地通过不释放氯气的方式脱氯来实现再循环。
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公开(公告)号：US5312898A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-17
申请号：US812250
申请日：1991-12-20
CPC分类号： C08F8/50
摘要： The present invention relates to a process for depolymerizing polyacrylonitrile into water soluble by-products, including ammonia and lower molecular weight carbonaceous materials by contacting the starting materials, polyacrylonitrile, and neutral, hot liquid water at a temperature from about 200.degree. C. up to the critical temperature of water at autogenous pressure. The present invention has utility as a means for degrading polyacrylonitrile without producing toxic hydrogen cyanide as a by-product.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及通过使原料，聚丙烯腈和中性热液体水在约200℃至约200℃的温度下接触将聚丙烯腈解聚为水溶性副产物，包括氨和低分子量碳质材料的方法， 自生压力下水的临界温度。 本发明作为用于降解聚丙烯腈而不产生有毒的氰化氢作为副产物的方法是有用的。
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7.发明授权Process for converting and upgrading organic resource materials in aqueous environments 失效在水环境中转化和提升有机资源材料的过程
公开(公告)号：US5338442A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-16
申请号：US852438
申请日：1992-03-16
申请人： Michael Siskin , Alan R. Katritzky , Glen B. Brons
发明人： Michael Siskin , Alan R. Katritzky , Glen B. Brons
摘要： The invention is a process for the aqueous conversion and upgrading of organic resource materials carried out by contacting organic resource materials selected from the group consisting of coal, shale, coal liquids, shale oil, and bitumen with liquid water in the absence of externally supplied hydrogen or reducing agents, controlling the temperature in the range from above about 200.degree. C. to below the critical temperature of water to maintain water in a liquid phase, wherein the pressure is the corresponding vapor pressure (autogenous pressure) of the system, for a time sufficient to effect the conversion and upgrading process. Additionally, the contacting may be conducted in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of a brine catalyst, clay catalyst and mixtures thereof.
摘要翻译： 本发明是通过在不存在外部供应的氢的情况下将选自煤，页岩，煤液，页岩油和沥青的有机资源材料与液态水接触而进行的有机资源材料的水转化和升级的方法 或还原剂，将温度控制在高于约200℃至低于水的临界温度的范围内，以将水保持在液相中，其中压力是系统的相应蒸气压（自生压力），对于 时间足以影响转换升级过程。 另外，接触可以在选自盐水催化剂，粘土催化剂及其混合物的催化剂的存在下进行。
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公开(公告)号：US4576707A
公开(公告)日：1986-03-18
申请号：US686609
申请日：1984-12-27
申请人： Michael Siskin , Glen B. Brons
发明人： Michael Siskin , Glen B. Brons
摘要： Disclosed is a process for beneficiating coal by contacting the coal with (a) an ammonium salt solution and (b) an organic solvent, at a temperature from about 0.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种通过使煤与（a）铵盐溶液和（b）有机溶剂在约0℃至约300℃的温度下接触来优化煤的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US4491514A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-01
申请号：US600432
申请日：1984-04-16
申请人： Michael Siskin , Glen B. Brons
发明人： Michael Siskin , Glen B. Brons
摘要： Disclosed is a process for removing mineral matter from oil-shale which method comprises contacting the oil-shale with (a) an ammonium salt solution, and (b) a nonionic surfactant at a temperature from about 0.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C. for a time which is sufficient to substantially separate at least about 80 wt. % of the carbonate mineral matter of the oil-shale.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种从油页岩中去除矿物质的方法，该方法包括使油页岩与（a）铵盐溶液接触，和（b）非离子表面活性剂在约0℃至约300℃的温度下 一段时间足以基本上分离出至少约80wt。 ％的油页岩的碳酸盐矿物质。
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公开(公告)号：US4491513A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-01
申请号：US600431
申请日：1984-04-16
申请人： Michael Siskin , Glen B. Brons
发明人： Michael Siskin , Glen B. Brons
摘要： Disclosed is a process for removing mineral matter from oil-shale by contacting the oil-shale with (a) an ammonium salt solution and (b) an organic solvent, at a temperature from about 0.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C. for a time which is sufficient to substantially separate at least about 80 wt. % of the carbonate mineral matter from the oil-shale.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种通过使油页岩与（a）铵盐溶液和（b）有机溶剂在约0℃至约300℃的温度下接触来从油页岩中除去矿物质的方法，用于 足以基本分离至少约80wt。 来自油页岩的碳酸盐矿物质的百分比。
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