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    Apparatus and method for measuring flow rate of molten aluminum through a trough
    2.
    发明授权
    Apparatus and method for measuring flow rate of molten aluminum through a trough 失效
    用于测量通过槽的熔融铝流量的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号：US5280726A

    公开(公告)日：1994-01-25

    申请号：US864886

    申请日：1992-04-03

    申请人： John M. Urbanic ,  Daniel W. Severa ,  Eric D. Arndt

    发明人： John M. Urbanic ,  Daniel W. Severa ,  Eric D. Arndt

    IPC分类号： G01F1/00 ,  G01F1/58

    CPC分类号： G01F1/002 ,  G01F1/588

    摘要： The flow rate of molten aluminum through a trough is measured by damming off the trough and diverting the flow through the measuring tube of a magnetic flow meter having a diameter, and located at a level in the trough to create a head of molten aluminum sufficient to produce a flow through the tube which is within the operating range of the meter. The apparatus includes a pair of spaced apart dam members forming a cavity therebetween which is transversed by the measuring tube. The magnet of the flow meter is located in the cavity preferably in a housing through which cooling air is circulated. The electrodes are made of an electrically conductive material which is resistant to corrosion by the molten aluminum, preferably, titanium diboride. Spring biased tapered connections seal the measuring tube with the dam members which have peripheral seals to keep molten aluminum out of the cavity.

    摘要翻译： 通过槽的熔融铝的流速是通过阻止槽并通过具有直径的磁力流量计的测量管的流动而转移的，并且位于槽中的水平面上，以产生足够的熔融铝头 产生流经仪表的工作范围内的流量。 该装置包括一对间隔开的阻挡件，它们之间形成一个腔室，该腔体由测量管横切。 流量计的磁体优选地位于冷却空气循环的壳体中。 电极由导电材料制成，其耐熔融铝，优选二硼化钛的腐蚀。 弹簧偏压的锥形连接件与具有周边密封件的坝构件密封测量管，以将熔融铝保持在空腔之外。

    Welding method
    3.
    发明授权
    Welding method 失效
    焊接方法

    公开(公告)号：US3944781A

    公开(公告)日：1976-03-16

    申请号：US467160

    申请日：1974-05-06

    申请人： John M. Urbanic ,  Burney A. Major

    发明人： John M. Urbanic ,  Burney A. Major

    IPC分类号： B23K9/073 ,  B23K9/173 ,  B23K9/23 ,  B23K9/00

    CPC分类号： B23K9/0732 ,  B23K9/173 ,  B23K9/23

    摘要： A welding method including the steps of feeding a consumable electrode of at least 1/8 -inch diameter at a constant speed toward a parent metal to be welded, while maintaining, with electrical power at an amperage-voltage characteristic having a slope of 0 to 2 amperes/volt, a direct current arc between the consumable electrode and parent metal, and while maintaining a shielding gas flow at the arc and on molten metal, wherein the electrical power is connected between the consumable electrode and the parent metal in reverse polarity, wherein the speed of the consumable electrode toward the parent metal to be welded is controlled within plus or minus 1/2% of the desired speed, and wherein the power source providing the electrical power has a dynamic regulated output current of plus or minus 5%.

    摘要翻译： 一种焊接方法，包括以下步骤：以一定速度将至少1/8英寸直径的可消耗电极馈送到待焊接的母体金属，同时保持具有斜率为0的电流 - 电压特性的电功率 2安培/伏特，消耗电极和母体金属之间的直流电弧，同时保持电弧和熔融金属处的保护气体流动，其中电功率以相反的极性连接在可消耗电极和母体金属之间， 其中所述可消耗电极朝向要焊接的母金属的速度被控制在所需速度的正或负1/2％范围内，并且其中提供电功率的电源具有正或负5％的动态调节输出电流， 。

    Molten metal conduit
    5.
    发明授权
    Molten metal conduit 失效
    熔融金属导管

    公开(公告)号：US4717052A

    公开(公告)日：1988-01-05

    申请号：US884434

    申请日：1986-07-11

    申请人： John M. Urbanic ,  Jan H. Van Linden

    发明人： John M. Urbanic ,  Jan H. Van Linden

    IPC分类号： B22D39/02 ,  F16L59/153 ,  B22D39/00 ,  F16L11/02

    CPC分类号： B22D39/02 ,  F16L59/153

    摘要： A value for controlling the flow of molten metal which includes a tubular conduit through which the metal flows and apparatus for applying a force against the exterior of the conduit to vary the size of the cross-sectional area of the opening through the conduit and thereby control the volume of metal flowing through the conduit.

    摘要翻译： 用于控制熔融金属流的值，其包括金属流过的管状导管和用于向导管外部施加力的装置，以通过导管改变开口的横截面积的尺寸，从而控制 金属流经管道的体积。

    Commutation means for on-line alloying
    6.
    发明授权
    Commutation means for on-line alloying 失效
    换向意味着在线合金化

    公开(公告)号：US5076548A

    公开(公告)日：1991-12-31

    申请号：US525985

    申请日：1990-05-21

    申请人： Eric D. Arndt ,  John M. Urbanic ,  Cecilio R. Sammy ,  Charles E. Eckert ,  Clark W. Keller ,  William D. Tackett

    发明人： Eric D. Arndt ,  John M. Urbanic ,  Cecilio R. Sammy ,  Charles E. Eckert ,  Clark W. Keller ,  William D. Tackett

    IPC分类号： F27D3/00 ,  H05B3/00

    CPC分类号： F27D3/0026 ,  H05B3/0009

    摘要： Apparatus for commutating an electrical current to an electrically conductive rod of an alloying element during the feed thereof to a body of molten metal for purposes of changing the alloy composition of the metal. The apparatus includes a power supply capable of providing electrical current in amounts sufficient to melt a free end of the rod of alloying material into the molten metal, and a pair of parallel adjacent shafts of substantial cross-section. A pair of commutation wheels are mounted respectfully on said shafts for rotatably engaging the rod between the wheels and for conducting current to the rod. Means are provided for forcing the wheels against the rod to provide intimate electrical and physical contact between the rod and wheels. A plurality of stationary brushes are disposed to physically engage each of said shafts along the length thereof for supplying current to the shafts from the power supply, and from the shafts to the wheels engaging the rod.

    摘要翻译： 用于在将金属的合金成分改变为熔融金属体的过程中将电流换向合金元件的导电棒的装置。 该装置包括能够提供足以将合金材料棒的自由端熔化到熔融金属中的电流的电源，以及具有实质横截面的一对平行的相邻的轴。 一对换向轮安装在所述轴上，用于可转动地将杆连接在车轮之间并用于将电流传导到杆上。 提供用于迫使轮抵靠杆的装置，以提供杆和轮之间的电气和物理接触。 多个静电刷设置成沿其长度物理地接合每个所述轴，以从电源向轴提供电流，并且从轴到与该杆接合的车轮。

    Salt-based melting process
    7.
    发明授权
    Salt-based melting process 失效
    盐基熔化工艺

    公开(公告)号：US5057194A

    公开(公告)日：1991-10-15

    申请号：US435502

    申请日：1989-10-13

    申请人： Donald L. Stewart ,  Jan H. L. Van Linden ,  Alfred F. LaCamera ,  Thomas V. Pierce ,  James O. Parkhill ,  John M. Urbanic ,  Thomas R. Hornack

    发明人： Donald L. Stewart ,  Jan H. L. Van Linden ,  Alfred F. LaCamera ,  Thomas V. Pierce ,  James O. Parkhill ,  John M. Urbanic ,  Thomas R. Hornack

    IPC分类号： C22B9/10 ,  C22B21/00 ,  C22B26/12 ,  C25C3/00 ,  C25C3/02 ,  C25C3/04 ,  C25C3/06 ,  C25C3/12 ,  C25C7/02

    CPC分类号： C22B26/12 ,  C22B21/0046 ,  C22B21/0069 ,  C22B21/0092 ,  C22B9/106 ,  C25C3/00 ,  C25C3/02 ,  C25C3/04 ,  C25C3/06 ,  C25C3/125 ,  C25C7/025 ,  Y02P10/214 ,  Y02P10/218 ,  Y02P10/226

    摘要： A continuous salt-based process is provided for melting and reclaiming aluminum from aluminum scrap containing impurities including heating a molten salt in a heat bay, mixing the heated salt with aluminum scrap or skim in a charge bay to form a molten charge mixture, separating aluminum from impurities in the charge bay by coalescing aluminum to form a molten aluminum metal pad, chlorinating a portion of the charge mixture from the charge bay to form a chlorinated salt mixture and metal chlorides, removing metal chlorides from the salt mixture, and feeding the salt mixture back to the heat bay. In one aspect, the chlorinating step of the present invention includes introducing carbon monoxide or, preferably, solid carbon to control oxide concentration. The process further comprises adding fluorides and removing metal chlorides from the salt to maintain a preferred salt composition. The metal chlorides can be removed by withdrawing volatile metal chloride gases and electrolytically reducing metal chlorides in the molten salt. A further aspect of the invention permits direct reduction of oxide impurities in the salt by electrolysis. In another aspect of the invention, the scrap itself is used as a consumable heating electrode (i.e., disappearing as the scrap melts) for heating the molten salt. An additional aspect of the invention provides that the molten salt is pumped past heating electrodes, which reduces hot spots that otherwise would lead to fuming and cause instability in the molten bath composition. Yet another aspect of the invention permits removal of carbon impurities, which can be introduced to the molten salt when melting of the scrap causes pyrolysis of organic material associated with the scrap, for example, the lacquer coating on beverage cans.

    摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US88 / 02374 371日期：1989年10月13日 102（e）日期1989年10月13日PCT Filed 1988年7月19日PCT Pub。 第WO89 / 06291号公报 日期为1989年7月13日。提供了一种连续的盐基方法，用于从含有杂质的铝废料中熔化和回收铝，包括在加热室中加热熔融盐，将加热的盐与铝废料或脱脂在电荷室中混合形成 熔融充料混合物，通过聚集铝形成熔融铝金属垫将铝与电荷隔室中的杂质分离，从电荷室氯化一部分电荷混合物以形成氯化盐混合物和金属氯化物，从金属氯化物中除去金属氯化物 盐混合物，并将盐混合物送回加热室。 一方面，本发明的氯化步骤包括引入一氧化碳或优选固体碳以控制氧化物浓度。 该方法还包括加入氟化物并从盐中除去金属氯化物以保持优选的盐组成。 可以通过抽出挥发性金属氯化物气体和电解还原金属氯化物来除去金属氯化物。 本发明的另一方面允许通过电解直接还原盐中的氧化物杂质。 在本发明的另一方面，废料本身用作可消耗的加热电极（即当废料熔化时消失）用于加热熔融盐。 本发明的另一方面提供了熔融盐被泵送通过加热电极，这减少了热点，否则会导致发烟并导致熔融浴组合物不稳定。 本发明的另一方面允许去除碳杂质，其可以在熔融废料时引入熔融盐，导致与废料相关的有机材料的热解，例如饮料罐上的漆层。

    Emissivity error correcting method for radiation thermometer
    8.
    发明授权
    Emissivity error correcting method for radiation thermometer 失效
    辐射温度计发射率误差校正方法

    公开(公告)号：US4659234A

    公开(公告)日：1987-04-21

    申请号：US849160

    申请日：1986-04-07

    申请人： Nicholaas L. Brouwer ,  John M. Urbanic ,  Albert R. Anderson

    发明人： Nicholaas L. Brouwer ,  John M. Urbanic ,  Albert R. Anderson

    IPC分类号： G01J5/00 ,  G01J5/60

    CPC分类号： G01J5/60 ,  G01J2005/0048 ,  G01J5/602

    摘要： A method of more accurately measuring the true surface temperature of metal alloy objects without contacting the same. The surfaces of the objects have unknown emissivities that change and that are less than unity. The method includes the step of providing objects having surfaces that radiate infrared energy. The radiated energy is measured at two wavelengths, and a first measurement is provided that is a function of the ratio of the energies at the two wavelengths. The radiated energy is also measured at a single, narrow band wavelength, and a second measurement is provided that is a function of the radiated energy. The two measurements are then electrically combined to provide measurements of radiated energy and thus temperature measurements that are or at least are closer to the true temperature than either of the first or second measurements.

    摘要翻译： 一种更准确地测量金属合金物体的真实表面温度而不接触金属合金物体的方法。 对象的表面具有不确定的发射率，并且小于单位。 该方法包括提供具有辐射红外能量的表面的物体的步骤。 在两个波长处测量辐射能量，并且提供作为两个波长处的能量比的函数的第一测量。 辐射能量也在单个窄带波长处测量，并且提供作为辐射能的函数的第二测量。 然后将这两个测量值进行电气组合，以提供辐射能量的测量，从而提供与第一或第二测量中的任一个相比或至少比真实温度更接近的温度测量。

    Apparatus and method for inert gas arc welding
    9.
    发明授权
    Apparatus and method for inert gas arc welding 失效
    惰性气体电弧焊接装置及方法

    公开(公告)号：US4101751A

    公开(公告)日：1978-07-18

    申请号：US803022

    申请日：1977-06-03

    申请人： John M. Urbanic ,  Burney A. Major

    发明人： John M. Urbanic ,  Burney A. Major

    IPC分类号： B23K9/167 ,  B23K9/16

    CPC分类号： B23K9/167

    摘要： An arc welding torch terminates in a gas cup open at one end through which an electrode projects. Inert gas is introduced under pressure at the other end of the gas cup and flows past and through a gas diffuser disposed in said gas cup. The diffuser is spaced from the inner wall of the gas cup, and a portion of the gas flows axially parallel to the central axis of the gas cup. The diffuser has a set of passageways to form and direct columns of gas in an outward direction, and another set of passageways to form and direct columns of gas in an inward direction. The diffuser is axially and angularly adjustable to vary the pattern of gas discharge with relation to the arc and to control the contour of the weld bead.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to inert-gas arc welding, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for applying a shielding gas in the welding operation.In the conventional arc welding processes, such as either the TIG (tungsten inert-gas type) or the MIG (consumable inert gas type), the heat generated by the electrical arc is utilized to reduce the metal material to be joined to a molten state to effect fusion between the parts to be joined. Most metals in a molten state will react with atmospheric gases, usually resulting in an unstable arc and a poor weld. In one known process for stabilizing the arc, when welding aluminum plate or the like, a shielding gas, which is normally argon or helium, is utilized to surround the arc and exclude atmospheric gases from the weld area and prevent oxidation of the molten metal which will ultimately form the weld. In addition, the gas provides a low resistance path for the arc and the gas ions provide a cleaning action by bombardment of the metal surfaces to be welded.Various problems have existed in the application and utilization of the shielding gas. For example, optimum cleaning action was not achieved. Weld bead contours were not as controllable as desired. A very close torch cup to work distance had to be maintained to prevent disruption of the gas pattern by external forces. Moreover, the efficiency of the gas consumption was less than desired. In addition, when welding in vertical position, the weld metal flow and solidification patterns were less than optimum.An example of a plasma generating torch is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,604,889 but in such patent the gas, instead of being directed in columns, is cone-shaped and is concentrated into a stream which penetrates the arc externally of the torch. Moreover, there is not axial or angular adjustment of the stream.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONA gas cup substantially closed at one end and open at the other has an electrode disposed therein. An inert gas entrance means is disposed remote from the open end. A diffuser in accordance with the present invention is mounted to direct the gas in a predetermined manner relative to the arc and the pieces to be welded, in accordance with the present invention. The diffuser is adapted to form and direct columns of the inert gas in an outwardly flaring direction from the central axis of the electrode and to form and direct other columns of the inert gas towards the longitudinal central axis of the electrode. The diffuser also coacts with the body of the torch to form a cylindrical column of gas which surrounds the directed columns of gas to provide a protective shield for the directed columns.The diffuser is adjustable axially and/or angularly with reference to the electrode, whereby the gas columns may be varied for the most efficient operation.By the foregoing arrangement, improved cleaning patterns provided by the cleaning action of gas ions bombarding the metal surface has been achieved, and improved weld bead contours have been obtained. The torch cup to work distance is not as critical, and the disruption of the gas pattern by external forces is reduced. The gas consumption for a given torch nozzle size and set of welding parameters has also been reduced by the improved utilization of the gas to provide optimum effect. Moreover, improved weld metal flow and solidification patterns have been obtained when welding in the vertical position.

    摘要翻译： 电弧焊炬终止于电极在其一端打开的气杯，电极通过该电极突出。 惰性气体在压力下在气杯的另一端引入并流过设置在所述气杯中的气体扩散器。 扩散器与气杯的内壁间隔开，并且一部分气体沿轴向平行于气杯的中心轴线流动。 扩散器具有一组通道，用于沿向外的方向形成和引导气体列，另一组通道形成并引导柱o