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公开(公告)号：US06914396B1
公开(公告)日：2005-07-05
申请号：US09921529
申请日：2001-07-31
摘要： A high-current, high-gradient, high-efficiency, multi-stage cavity cyclotron resonance accelerator (MCCRA) provides energy gains of over 50 MeV/stage, at an acceleration gradient that exceeds 20 MeV/m, in room temperature cavities. The multi-stage cavity cyclotron resonance accelerator includes a charged particle source, a plurality of end-to-end rotating mode room-temperature cavities, and a solenoid coil. The solenoid coil encompasses the cavities and provides a substantially uniform magnetic field that threads through the cavities. Specifically, the MCCRA is provided with a constant magnetic field sufficient to produce a cyclotron frequency a little higher than the RF of the accelerating electric field. A plurality of input feeds, each of which respectively coupled to a cavity, are also provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, the beam from the first cavity passes through a cutoff drift tube and is accelerated further with a cavity supporting a still lower radio-frequency electric field. This embodiment yields a several-milliampere one-gigavolt proton beam efficiently. The single cavity transfers about 70% of the radio-frequency energy to the beam. A multiple-cavity accelerator using a constant or slightly decreasing static magnetic field along its length and using cutoff drift tubes between the cavities operating at progressively lower frequencies, each somewhat lower than the local relativistic cyclotron frequency of the beam in that cavity, provides an extremely-efficient, compact, continuously-operating, medium-energy accelerator. In another embodiment of the invention, the progressively lower frequencies are selected to decrease in substantially equal increments corresponding to a difference frequency. The charged particles are emitted in pulses in correspondence with the difference frequency.
摘要翻译： 高电流，高梯度，高效率，多级腔回旋共振加速器（MCCRA）在室温腔中以超过20MeV / m的加速度梯度提供超过50MeV /级的能量增益。 多级腔回旋共振加速器包括带电粒子源，多个端对端旋转模式室温腔和螺线管线圈。 螺线管线圈包围空腔，并提供穿过空腔的基本均匀的磁场。 具体地说，MCCRA具有足以产生比加速电场的RF略高的回旋加速器频率的恒定磁场。 还提供了分别耦合到空腔的多个输入馈送。 根据本发明的一个实施例，来自第一腔的光束穿过截止漂移管，并进一步加速，并支持更低的射频电场。 该实施例有效地产生几毫安的一千兆瓦质子束。 单个腔将大约70％的射频能量传递到光束。 使用沿其长度恒定或稍微减小的静态磁场的多腔加速器，并且使用在逐渐更低频率下操作的腔之间的截止漂移管，每个稍低于该空腔中的梁的局部相对论回旋加速器频率， 低效，紧凑，连续运行的中等能量加速器。 在本发明的另一个实施例中，逐渐降低的频率被选择为以对应于差频率的基本相等的增量减小。 带电粒子以与差频相对应的脉冲发射。
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公开(公告)号：US07786675B2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-31
申请号：US11785058
申请日：2007-04-13
IPC分类号： H05H7/22
CPC分类号： H05H7/22
摘要： The present invention relates to methods and systems for fast ferroelectric tuning of RF power used in a particle accelerating system. By adjusting the voltages fed to the ferroelectric phase shift controller, the amplitude and phase of the RF power wave are altered, thus changing the coupling of the power generating circuit and the superconducting cavity. By altering this coupling rapidly, maximum power transfer efficiency can be achieved, which is important given the large amounts of power shunted through the particle accelerating system. In one embodiment, the ferroelectric tuner is optimally made of a magic-T waveguide circuit element and two phase shifters, although other implementations of the system may be utilized. Alternative phase shifters are shown.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于粒子加速系统中使用的RF功率的快速铁电调谐的方法和系统。 通过调整馈送到铁电相移控制器的电压，改变RF功率波的振幅和相位，从而改变发电电路和超导腔的耦合。 通过快速改变这种耦合，可以实现最大的功率传递效率，这对于通过粒子加速系统分流的大量功率是重要的。 在一个实施例中，铁电调谐器最佳地由魔术T波导电路元件和两个移相器制成，尽管可以利用该系统的其他实施方式。 显示替代移相器。
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公开(公告)号：US07816870B2
公开(公告)日：2010-10-19
申请号：US11600920
申请日：2006-11-17
IPC分类号： H05H7/22
CPC分类号： H05H7/22
摘要： A method and systems for fast ferroelectric tuning of RF power used in a particle accelerating system. By adjusting the voltages fed to the ferroelectric phase shift controller, the amplitude and phase of the RF power wave are altered, thus changing the coupling of the power generating circuit and the superconducting cavity. By altering this coupling rapidly, maximum power transfer efficiency can be achieved, which is important given the large amounts of power shunted through the particle accelerating system. In one embodiment, the ferroelectric tuner is optimally made of a magic-T waveguide circuit element and two phase shifters, although other implementations of the system may be utilized.
摘要翻译： 用于粒子加速系统中使用的RF功率的快速铁电调谐的方法和系统。 通过调整馈送到铁电相移控制器的电压，改变RF功率波的振幅和相位，从而改变发电电路和超导腔的耦合。 通过快速改变这种耦合，可以实现最大的功率传递效率，这对于通过粒子加速系统分流的大量功率是重要的。 在一个实施例中，铁电调谐器最佳地由魔术T波导电路元件和两个移相器制成，尽管可以利用该系统的其他实施方式。
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公开(公告)号：US4862143A
公开(公告)日：1989-08-29
申请号：US150807
申请日：1988-02-01
申请人： Jay L. Hirshfield , Israel Nowik
发明人： Jay L. Hirshfield , Israel Nowik
CPC分类号： G08B13/2442 , B07C5/346 , G06K19/10 , G06K7/10009 , G07F7/086 , G08B13/2445 , G08B13/2471
摘要： A counterfeit detecting method and apparatus are provided for detecting the authenticity of an article having a label containing an isotope of a chemical element. The apparatus comprises a housing, a source of gamma radiation positioned in the housing, and a gamma radiation detector positioned in the housing for detecting the radiation from the source. The gamma radiation source is selected to emit radiation which can stimulate a selected nuclear transition in the label material. A calculating device, such as a microprocessor is coupled to a detector for calculating the ratio of the number of gamma rays counted by the detector during a predetermined period of time when the article is not in position near the receiving member (N.sub.O) to the number of the gamma rays counted by the detector during a period of time equal to the predetermined period when the article is positioned near the receiving means (N.sub.R), and for calculating the ratio of the number of gamma rays counted by the detector during the period of time when the article is not in position near the receiving means (N.sub.O) to the number of gamma rays counted during a period of time equal to the predetermined period when the source is vibrated by the vibrating device (N.sub.E) and for calculating the ratio (N.sub.R /N.sub.O)/(N.sub.E /N.sub.O) and thus N.sub.R /N.sub.E. An output device provides an output indicating whether N.sub.R /N.sub.E and N.sub.E /N.sub.O are within a predetermined range.Also, an article is provided capable of being authenticated, in which the article comprises a body substantially transparent to the gamma rays and a label fixed to the body. The label includes an isotope of a chemical element.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于检测具有包含化学元素的同位素的标签的物品的真实性的假冒检测方法和装置。 该装置包括壳体，位于壳体中的伽马辐射源，以及位于壳体中的伽马辐射探测器，用于检测来自源的辐射。 伽马辐射源被选择以发射可以刺激标签材料中选择的核转变的辐射。 诸如微处理器的计算装置被耦合到检测器，用于计算在物品不在接收构件（NO）附近的预定时间段期间由检测器计数的伽马射线的数量与数量的比率 在等于物品位于接收装置（NR）附近的预定时间段的时间段期间由检测器计数的伽马射线的伽马射线，并且用于计算在所述接收装置（NR）期间由检测器计数的伽马射线数的比率 当物品不在接收装置（NO）附近的位置处于与振动装置（NE）振动源的预定时间段期间计数的伽马射线数量并计算比率（ NR / NO）/（NE / NO），因此NR / NE。 输出装置提供指示NR / NE和NE / NO是否在预定范围内的输出。 此外，提供能够被认证的物品，其中物品包括对伽马射线基本上透明的身体和固定到身体的标签。 该标签包括化学元素的同位素。
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公开(公告)号：US4742340A
公开(公告)日：1988-05-03
申请号：US937862
申请日：1986-12-04
申请人： Israel Nowik , Jay L. Hirshfield
发明人： Israel Nowik , Jay L. Hirshfield
IPC分类号： G01N23/221 , B07C5/346 , G01V3/00 , G01V5/00 , G01V15/00 , G06K7/10 , G06K19/10 , G07F7/08 , G08B13/24 , G08B13/18
CPC分类号： G08B13/2442 , B07C5/346 , G06K19/10 , G06K7/10009 , G07F7/086 , G08B13/2445 , G08B13/2471
摘要： A counterfeit detecting method and apparatus are provided for detecting the authenticity of an article having a label containing an isotope of a chemical element enriched to a predetermined amount. The apparatus comprises a housing, a source of gamma radiation positioned in the housing, and a gamma radiation detector positioned in the housing for detecting the radiation from the source. The gamma radiation source is selected to emit radiation which can stimulate a selected nuclear transition in the label material. A calculating device, such as a microprocessor, is coupled to a detector for calculating the ratio of the number of gamma rays counted by the detector during a predetermined period of time when the article is not in position near the receiving member (N.sub.O) to the number of the gamma rays counted by the detector during a period of time equal to the predetermined period when the article is positioned near the receiving member (N.sub.R), and for calculating the ratio of the number of gamma rays counted by the detector during the period of time when the article is not in position near the receiving member (N.sub.O) to the number of gamma rays counted during a period of time equal to the predetermined period when the source is vibrated by the vibrating device (N.sub.E) and for calculating the ratio (N.sub.R /N.sub.O)/(N.sub.E /N.sub.O) and thus N.sub.R /N.sub.E. An output device provides an output indicating whether or not N.sub.R /N.sub.E and N.sub.E /N.sub.O are within a predetermined range.Also, an article is provided capable of being authenticated, in which the article comprises a non-metallic body and a label fixed to the body. The label includes an isotope of a chemical element enriched to a predetermined amount.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于检测具有包含富含预定量的化学元素的同位素的标签的物品的真实性的假冒检测方法和装置。 该装置包括壳体，位于壳体中的伽马辐射源，以及位于壳体中的伽马辐射探测器，用于检测来自源的辐射。 伽马辐射源被选择以发射可以刺激标签材料中选择的核转变的辐射。 诸如微处理器的计算装置被耦合到检测器，用于计算在物品不接近接收构件（NO）的位置的预定时间段期间由检测器计数的伽马射线的数量的比率 在等于物品位于接收构件（NR）附近的预定时段的时间段期间由检测器计数的伽马射线的数量，以及用于计算在该期间中由检测器计数的伽马射线数的比率 （NO）附近的物品相对于等于振动装置（NE）振动源的预定时间段的时间段中计数的伽马射线数量，并计算比率时， （NR / NO）/（NE / NO），因此NR / NE。 输出装置提供表示NR / NE和NE / NO是否在预定范围内的输出。 此外，提供能够被认证的物品，其中物品包括非金属主体和固定到身体的标签。 该标签包括富集至预定量的化学元素的同位素。
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6.发明授权Method and apparatus for separating substances of different atomic weights using a plasma centrifuge 失效使用等离子体离心机分离不同原子量的物质的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4458148A
公开(公告)日：1984-07-03
申请号：US276087
申请日：1981-06-22
摘要： The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for centrifugally separating substances of different atomic weights. The substances to be separated are positioned in an evacuated vessel which has a longitudinal axis. A magnetic field is generated in the vessel parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vessel and a target comprised of the substances to be separated is positioned within the vessel at one end thereof. A collector is positioned at the other end of the vessel. Pulsed laser energy is focused on the substances to be separated thereby fully ionizing at least a portion of the substances and forming a plasma therefrom. Immediately following the focusing of the laser energy, a current is passed through the substances to be separated which causes further full ionization of the substances and thereby the formation of additional plasma. The ionized plasma is rotated and moved from the substances which are to be separated to a collector by the application of the magnetic field. At least a portion of the ionized substances are separated by the centrifugal force resulting from the rotation of the plasma by the magnetic field.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于离心分离不同原子量的物质的方法和装置。 要分离的物质定位在具有纵轴的真空容器中。 在血管平行于容器的纵向轴线产生磁场，并且由待分离物质组成的靶位于容器的一端。 收集器位于容器的另一端。 脉冲激光能量集中于要分离的物质，从而完全电离至少一部分物质并从中形成等离子体。 紧接在激光能量的聚焦之后，电流通过待分离的物质，这导致物质的进一步完全电离，从而形成额外的等离子体。 离子化等离子体通过施加磁场而从被分离的物质转移到集电体。 离子化物质的至少一部分被由等离子体通过磁场旋转产生的离心力分离。
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公开(公告)号：US08324810B2
公开(公告)日：2012-12-04
申请号：US12692204
申请日：2010-01-22
摘要： A two-beam accelerator device including a drive beam source and an accelerated beam source for providing a drive beam and accelerated beam, a detuned resonant cavity disposed in the path of the drive beam and the accelerated beam, and a two-beam focusing device and method of use thereof. The detuned resonant cavity may be rectangular, square, axisymmetrical, and/or cylindrical. The focusing device may include a modified quadrupole magnet having four magnets, a central opening, a channel in the central opening, an opening in one of the four magnets, the opening having a non-magnetic channel lined with a magnetic material.
摘要翻译： 一种双光束加速器装置，包括驱动光束源和用于提供驱动光束和加速光束的加速光束源，设置在驱动光束和加速光束的路径中的失谐谐振腔，以及双光束聚焦装置和 使用方法。 失谐谐振腔可以是矩形，正方形，轴对称和/或圆柱形。 聚焦装置可以包括具有四个磁体的修改的四极磁体，中心开口，中心开口中的通道，四个磁体之一中的一个开口，该开口具有衬有磁性材料的非磁通道。
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公开(公告)号：US20100207551A1
公开(公告)日：2010-08-19
申请号：US12692204
申请日：2010-01-22
IPC分类号： H05H7/06
摘要： A two-beam accelerator device including a drive beam source and an accelerated beam source for providing a drive beam and accelerated beam, a detuned resonant cavity disposed in the path of the drive beam and the accelerated beam, and a two-beam focusing device and method of use thereof. The detuned resonant cavity may be rectangular, square, axisymmetrical, and/or cylindrical. The focusing device may include a modified quadrupole magnet having four magnets, a central opening, a channel in the central opening, an opening in one of the four magnets, the opening having a non-magnetic channel lined with a magnetic material.
摘要翻译： 一种双光束加速器装置，包括驱动光束源和用于提供驱动光束和加速光束的加速光束源，设置在驱动光束和加速光束的路径中的失谐谐振腔，以及双光束聚焦装置和 使用方法。 失谐谐振腔可以是矩形，正方形，轴对称和/或圆柱形。 聚焦装置可以包括具有四个磁体的修改的四极磁体，中心开口，中心开口中的通道，四个磁体之一中的一个开口，该开口具有衬有磁性材料的非磁通道。
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