公开(公告)号：US4152234A

公开(公告)日：1979-05-01

申请号：US868627

申请日：1978-01-11

Applicant: Rudolf Pollner

Inventor： Rudolf Pollner

IPC: G01N27/409 ,  C04B35/486 ,  G01N27/407 ,  H01M8/12 ,  G01N27/58

CPC classification number: G01N27/4073 ,  C04B35/486 ,  H01M8/12 ,  Y02P70/56

Abstract: A solid closed ended tubular oxygen sensor element, particularly useful for sensing the oxygen content of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines. The closed end of the tubular element which is adapted to be exposed to the hot exhaust gases is made of zirconium oxide stabilized with yttrium oxide and/or ytterbium dioxide. The remaining main portion of the tubular element is made of zirconium dioxide stabilized with calcium oxide. The invention also provides methods of manufacturing these tubular elements.

公开(公告)号：US4021326A

公开(公告)日：1977-05-03

申请号：US447475

申请日：1974-03-04

Applicant: Rudolf Pollner ,  Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Bernhard Topp ,  Horst Neidhard

Inventor： Rudolf Pollner ,  Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Bernhard Topp ,  Horst Neidhard

IPC: G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/46

CPC classification number: G01N27/4075 ,  G01N27/4077

Abstract: Electro-chemical sensor to determine oxygen concentration in hot internal combustion exhaust gases in the form of a closed, tubular element having a solid ion conductive electrolyte; an electron-conductive coating on the inner surface thereof; a porous or fissured electron conductive layer on the outer surface of said solid electrolyte or on a part of said surface, part of the pores or fissures being macroporous, said layer being of a material which catalyzes the formation from said hot exhaust gases of those compounds that are thermodynamically stable at the exhaust temperature; and a porous protective electrically insulating coating on said porous electron-conductive layer. Preferably, a top coating of a heat-resistant metal is applied, which top coating has additionally properties to act as a getter with respect to poisons affecting the catalyzing material.

Abstract translation: 电化学传感器，用于确定热内燃废气中的氧浓度，其形式为具有固体离子导电电解质的封闭管状元件; 在其内表面上的电子传导涂层; 在所述固体电解质的外表面上或在所述表面的一部分上的多孔或裂缝的电子传导层，部分孔或裂缝是大孔的，所述层是催化从那些化合物的所述热废气形成的材料 在排气温度下热力学稳定; 以及在所述多孔电子传导层上的多孔保护电绝缘涂层。 优选地，施加耐热金属的顶部涂层，其顶部涂层具有作为吸附剂的附加性能，该吸附剂相对于影响催化材料的毒素。

公开(公告)号：US06794802B2

公开(公告)日：2004-09-21

申请号：US10088619

申请日：2002-07-19

Applicant: Rudolf Pollner

Inventor： Rudolf Pollner

IPC: H01T1302

CPC classification number: H01T13/34

Abstract: The seal between the insulator and the center electrode is to be improved in a spark plug for an internal combustion engine comprising a shell (12), an insulator (16) located in the shell and composed of a sintered ceramic material, as well as a center electrode (18) and a terminal stud (22) that have an electrically conductive connection with each other and are located in the insulator. For this purpose, it is provided that a cermet (28) abuts the center electrode, the ceramic phase of which is composed of the same or a similar material as the insulator, and the metallic phase of which is composed of a material having good electrical conductivity. Since the material properties of the cermet are similar to those of the insulator—the thermal expansion, in particular, is same—a particularly good seal is created between the cermet and insulating body.

Abstract translation: 在用于内燃机的火花塞中，绝缘体和中心电极之间的密封件将被改进，该内燃机包括外壳（12），位于外壳中的绝缘体（16），由烧结陶瓷材料构成，以及 中心电极（18）和端子柱（22），其彼此具有导电连接并位于绝缘体中。 为此，金属陶瓷（28）邻接中心电极，陶瓷相由与绝缘体相同或类似的材料构成，金属相由具有良好电气的材料构成 电导率。 由于金属陶瓷的材料特性与绝缘体的材料性质相似，所以热膨胀特别是相同的 - 在金属陶瓷和绝缘体之间产生特别好的密封。

公开(公告)号：US06699807B2

公开(公告)日：2004-03-02

申请号：US09980893

申请日：2002-03-23

Applicant: Heinz Geier ,  Rudolf Pollner ,  Imke Koengeter ,  Ulrich Eisele

Inventor： Heinz Geier ,  Rudolf Pollner ,  Imke Koengeter ,  Ulrich Eisele

IPC: C03C1004

CPC classification number: C03C10/0036 ,  C03C14/00 ,  C03C14/004 ,  C03C2214/08 ,  H01T13/34

Abstract: A glass ceramic, for use as a resistor or a gas-tight glass ceramic solder for use in a spark plug, includes a fused seal of a starting glass fused from a starting mixture containing SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2 and CaO, the fused seal including crystalline phases in at least some areas. A method for producing such a glass ceramic provides for the starting glass to be processed in a first method step to form a starting material, which is heated for a first period of time in a second method step from a starting temperature, which is below the softening temperature of the starting glass, to a fusion temperature, which is above the softening temperature of the starting glass, and is kept at that temperature for a second period of time and finally is cooled again. A spark plug may include a terminal stud and a center electrode, which are electrically connected across a resistor that is formed in at least some areas by the glass ceramic.

Abstract translation: 用作火花塞中的电阻器或气密玻璃陶瓷焊料的玻璃陶瓷包括从含有SiO 2，Al 2 O 3，TiO 2和CaO的起始混合物熔融的起始玻璃的熔融密封，所述熔融密封包括 在至少一些区域的结晶相。 制造这种玻璃陶瓷的方法在第一方法步骤中提供要加工的起始玻璃，以形成起始材料，其在第二方法步骤中从起始温度加热第一时间段，起始温度低于 起始玻璃的软化温度达到高于起始玻璃的软化温度的熔融温度，并在该温度下保持第二个时间段，最后再次冷却。 火花塞可以包括端子柱和中心电极，它们跨越由玻璃陶瓷在至少一些区域形成的电阻器电连接。

公开(公告)号：US06693053B2

公开(公告)日：2004-02-17

申请号：US09980896

申请日：2002-03-22

Applicant: Heinz Geier ,  Rudolf Pollner ,  Ulrich Eisele ,  Peter Wange

Inventor： Heinz Geier ,  Rudolf Pollner ,  Ulrich Eisele ,  Peter Wange

IPC: C03C1004

CPC classification number: C03C8/02 ,  C03C3/062 ,  C03C3/087 ,  C03C10/0036

Abstract: A glass or glass powder is fused from a starting mixture containing approximately 38 wt % to 48 wt % SO2, 15 wt % to 19 wt % Al2O3, 4.5 wt % to 11 wt % TiO2, 0 wt % to 1.5 wt % Na2O, 0 wt % to 1.5 wt % K2O and 23 wt % to 30 wt % CaO. In addition, a glass powder mixture includes two glass powders, a carbon black powder and an organic binder, the first glass powder having a mean particle size of approximately 150 &mgr;m to 250 &mgr;m, the second glass powder having a mean particle size of less than approximately 100 &mgr;m, which may be 10 &mgr;m to 70 &mgr;m. The glass or glass powder mixture is suitable for producing a glass ceramic, such as that used as a resistor seal and/or a gas-tight glass ceramic solder in a spark plug.

Abstract translation: 将玻璃或玻璃粉末从含有约38重量％至48重量％的SO 2，15重量％至19重量％的Al 2 O 3，4.5重量％至11重量％的TiO 2，0重量％至1.5重量％的Na 2 O，0 wt％至1.5wt％的K 2 O和23wt％至30wt％的CaO。 此外，玻璃粉末混合物包括两个玻璃粉末，炭黑粉末和有机粘合剂，第一玻璃粉末的平均粒度为约150μm至250μm，第二玻璃粉末的平均粒度小于 大约100个妈妈，可能是10到70个妈妈。 玻璃或玻璃粉末混合物适用于制造玻璃陶瓷，例如在火花塞中用作电阻密封和/或气密玻璃陶瓷焊料。

公开(公告)号：US06922007B2

公开(公告)日：2005-07-26

申请号：US10463975

申请日：2003-06-17

Applicant: Heinz Geier ,  Rudolf Pollner

Inventor： Heinz Geier ,  Rudolf Pollner

IPC: C04B41/86 ,  H01T13/38 ,  H01T21/02 ,  H01T13/20

CPC classification number: H01T13/38 ,  H01T21/02

Abstract: A spark plug includes a ceramic component, whose surface is at least in part coated with a glaze, with the glaze containing 0.6% to 4% by weight of fluoride and 6% to 11.2% by weight of zinc oxide.

Abstract translation: 火花塞包括陶瓷组分，其表面至少部分地涂覆有釉料，釉料含有0.6重量％至4重量％的氟化物和6重量％至11.2重量％的氧化锌。

公开(公告)号：US5952770A

公开(公告)日：1999-09-14

申请号：US11843

申请日：1998-02-13

Applicant: Roland Mueller ,  Richard Adamczuk ,  Werner Herden ,  Manfred Vogel ,  Walter Benedikt ,  Andreas Niegel ,  Hans-Dieter Herde ,  Rudolf Pollner ,  Dietrich Trachte ,  Bernd Mueller ,  Dittmar Klett

Inventor： Roland Mueller ,  Richard Adamczuk ,  Werner Herden ,  Manfred Vogel ,  Walter Benedikt ,  Andreas Niegel ,  Hans-Dieter Herde ,  Rudolf Pollner ,  Dietrich Trachte ,  Bernd Mueller ,  Dittmar Klett

IPC: H01T13/20 ,  H01T13/39 ,  H01T13/40

CPC classification number: H01T13/39 ,  H01T13/40

Abstract: A spark plug having a tube-shaped, metal housing, an insulator which is retained by the housing, and an inner conductor arrangement embedded in the insulator, the inner conductor arrangement comprising one connection bolt, one burn-off resistor, one contact pin, and one platinum central electrode, and four ground electrodes, which are bent towards the central electrode and protrude beyond the insulator by the width of their thickness, being secured to the housing, the contact pin being coated and being shortened in its length such that the burn-off resistor is forward-positioned as far as possible towards the spark gap, and the platinum central electrode having a nail shape, whose rear part has a smaller diameter than its front part, which extends out of the insulator.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / DE97 / 01025 Sec。 371日期1998年2月13日 102（e）日期1998年2月13日PCT提交1997年5月22日PCT公布。 WO97 / 49153 PCT出版物 日期1997年12月24日具有管状金属壳体，由壳体保持的绝缘体和嵌入绝缘体内部导体装置的火花塞，内部导体装置包括一个连接螺栓，一个断续电阻器 ，一个接触针和一个铂中心电极以及四个接地电极，它们朝向中心电极弯曲并且突出超过绝缘体，其厚度宽度被固定到壳体上，接触针被涂覆并且被缩短 其长度使得熄火电阻器尽可能向前朝向火花间隙，并且铂中心电极具有指甲形状，其后部具有比其前部小的直径，其延伸出绝缘体 。

公开(公告)号：US4519784A

公开(公告)日：1985-05-28

申请号：US477617

申请日：1983-03-22

Applicant: Rudolf Pollner

Inventor： Rudolf Pollner

IPC: H01J15/00 ,  H01T13/34 ,  H01T13/39 ,  H01T21/02

CPC classification number: H01T13/39 ,  H01T13/34 ,  H01T21/02

Abstract: To securely seat a ceramic electrode (23, 28) in an insulator (15) of a spark plug, so that it can be sintered together with the insulator, a ceramic plug element (28) has added thereto an additive which renders the ceramic plastically deformable upon application of external energy; the additive may, for example, be a thermoplastic, which permits plastic deformation upon application of heat; or a thixotropic agent, such as glycerin, rendering the material plastically deformable when vibrated. A pellet or plug (28) is introduced into the end portion (32) of the central opening (21) of the insulator, preshaped to be slightly smaller by, for example, 0.2 mm, than the clearance opening in the insulator. The plug is then rendered plastically deformable, compressed by a plunger (34/1) acting against a counter plate (33). Either the plug or the inner surface of the bore can be coated with a conductive coating (27) including a burn-spark-resistant metal, for example platinum, which, upon compression, is not electrically interrupted. In subsequent heating steps, the additive is vaporized-off, and the plug sintered to the ceramic body which, initially, was only presintered.

Abstract translation: 为了将陶瓷电极（23,28）牢固地安置在火花塞的绝缘体（15）中，使得其可以与绝缘体一起烧结，陶瓷插塞元件（28）已经添加了添加剂，使陶瓷塑性 施加外部能量时可变形; 添加剂可以是例如热塑性塑料，其在施加热量时允许塑性变形; 或触变剂，例如甘油，使材料在振动时可塑性变形。 将颗粒或塞子（28）引入到绝缘体的中心开口（21）的端部（32）中，预先形成比绝缘体中的间隙开口小例如0.2mm。 然后，塞子被塑性变形，通过作用在对抗板（33）上的柱塞（34/1）压缩。 孔的塞子或内表面可以涂覆有包括耐燃烧火花的金属（例如铂）的导电涂层（27），其在压缩时不被电中断。 在随后的加热步骤中，将添加剂蒸发掉，并将塞子烧结到陶瓷体上，其最初仅被预烧结。

公开(公告)号：US3978006A

公开(公告)日：1976-08-31

申请号：US508250

申请日：1974-09-23

Applicant: Bernhard Topp ,  Horst Neidhard ,  Rudolf Pollner ,  Karl-Hermann Friese

Inventor： Bernhard Topp ,  Horst Neidhard ,  Rudolf Pollner ,  Karl-Hermann Friese

IPC: B01J35/00 ,  C04B35/486 ,  G01N27/407 ,  F01N3/00

CPC classification number: G01N27/4075 ,  C04B35/486 ,  G01N27/4077

Abstract: Methods for making an exhaust-gas-sensing element which is an oxygen concentration cell having a solid electrolyte with an electron-conductive surface on the side exposed to the reference air and a catalytic electron-conductive layer containing micro pores which extend through to the solid electrolyte on the other surface which is adapted to be exposed to the exhaust gases. The electron-conductive catalytic layer is covered with a porous protective layer. The method comprising applying the catalytic layer by means of thin layer techniques and then heating to form the micro pores; or by applying a paste comprising ceramic particles, catalytic particles and a thinning oil and sintering.

Abstract translation: 制造排气检测元件的方法，该废气感测元件是具有在暴露于参考空气的一侧具有电子传导表面的固体电解质的氧浓度单元和包含延伸到固体的微孔的催化电子传导层 在另一表面上的适于暴露于废气的电解质。 电子传导催化剂层被多孔保护层覆盖。 该方法包括通过薄层技术涂覆催化剂层，然后加热形成微孔; 或者通过施加包含陶瓷颗粒，催化颗粒和稀释油并烧结的糊料。

公开(公告)号：US20050227567A1

公开(公告)日：2005-10-13

申请号：US11147585

申请日：2005-06-07

Applicant: Heinz Geier ,  Rudolf Pollner

Inventor： Heinz Geier ,  Rudolf Pollner

IPC: C04B41/86 ,  H01T13/38 ,  H01T21/02

CPC classification number: H01T13/38 ,  H01T21/02

Abstract: A spark plug includes a ceramic component, whose surface is at least in part coated with a glaze, with the glaze containing 0.6% to 4% by weight of fluoride and 6% to 11.2% by weight of zinc oxide.

Abstract translation: 火花塞包括陶瓷组分，其表面至少部分地涂覆有釉料，釉料含有0.6重量％至4重量％的氟化物和6重量％至11.2重量％的氧化锌。