Abstract:
A gas sensor, whose purpose is to determine a physical property of a measuring gas, e.g., to determine the concentration of a gas component or the temperature of an exhaust gas. The gas sensor includes a sensor element arranged in a metal housing which is sealed by at least one sealing element arranged in a metal receptacle. The metal receptacle is affixed to the housing. The sealing element surrounds the sensor element in a centered position along its longitudinal extension L or on its half facing the measuring gas.
Abstract:
A sensor element, especially a temperature sensor (5) is proposed, having a sensitive area (11), whose electrical resistance changes under the influence of a temperature to which the sensitive area (11) is exposed. In this case, sensitive area (11) has a glass ceramic fusion (15) of a starting material containing at least one component which is furnished at least substantially with a surface metallization. The proposed temperature sensor (5) is especially suitable for use at temperatures in excess of 1000° C., at which it shows resistance characteristics like that of a platinum resistor.
Abstract:
To decrease the preheat time and power requirements in preheater-type glow plugs for Diesel engines, a closed ceramic tube (20), for example of aluminum oxide and of about 5 mm diameter has, on the bottom (21) thereof applied a layer or film-like heater element (24, 24'), for example in an undulating or zig-zag configuration (FIG. 2) or in form of a constriction or pinch (FIG. 4: 24') to provide a concentrated point or strip source of heat. The heater layer itself is protected by a protective coating (25) and, to provide for the required heat distribution, the underlying bottom (21, 21') of the tube (20, 20') supports an insulating intermediate layer and possibly a heat conductive layer is intermediate. Preheat times in the order of 1-2 seconds, with lower current consumption than prior wound-wire plugs can be obtained.
Abstract:
A spark plug includes a ceramic component, whose surface is at least in part coated with a glaze, with the glaze containing 0.6% to 4% by weight of fluoride and 6% to 11.2% by weight of zinc oxide.
Abstract:
A method for generating a stereoscopic image of an object includes providing a microscope arrangement defining an imaging beam path coming from the object. The microscope arrangement includes an objective mounted in the beam path to define an intermediate image plane. A reflective element is placed in or close to the intermediate image plane or in or close to a plane conjugated to the intermediate image plane. The reflective element is driven at a clock frequency so as to reflect respective images of the object alternately toward the left and right eyes of an observer.
Abstract:
An insulation layer system, in particular for gas sensors, is proposed, having at least one electrically conductive solid-electrolyte layer (10), an electrically conductive layer (20) and at least one electrically insulating layer (13) between the solid-electrolyte layer (10) and the electrically conductive layer (20). The material of the insulating layer (13) contains, prior to sintering, pentavalent metal oxides of niobium or tantalum as an additive, it being possible for the additive to diffuse into the adjoining solid-electrolyte layer (10) during sintering.
Abstract:
In a Faraday microscope for examining specimens with stray magnetic fields in a reflected light beam path with a magnetic indicator film arranged in front of the specimen, the influence of the specimen on the indicator film is evaluated with the indicator film arranged as the termination of the microscope objective, the indicator film advantageously being arranged on an optically transparent substrate. The indicator film and substrate are taken into account in the optical calculation of the microscope objective.
Abstract:
Oxygen sensors having a fine-grained stabilized cubic zirconium dioxide electrolyte contact respective electrodes. The zirconium dioxide contains between 15% and 50% by volume of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in a crystalline state and has good mechanical and thermal properties. The oxygen sensor may have a composite zirconium dioxide solid electrolyte element. The invention also includes a wider range of related Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 - containing stabilized cubic zirconium dioxides containing between about 8% and 85% by volume Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. The invention further provides methods of manufacturing such Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 - containing zirconium dioxide and for manufacturing oxygen sensors.
Abstract translation:具有细粒度稳定的立方二氧化锆电解质的氧传感器与相应的电极接触。 二氧化锆在结晶状态下含有15体积%至50体积%的Al 2 O 3,具有良好的机械和热性能。 氧传感器可以具有复合二氧化锆固体电解质元件。 本发明还包括含有约8%至85%(体积)Al 2 O 3的更广泛的相关的含Al 2 O 3的稳定的立方二氧化锆。 本发明还提供制造这种含Al 2 O 3的二氧化锆和用于制造氧传感器的方法。
Abstract:
A spark plug includes a ceramic component, whose surface is at least in part coated with a glaze, with the glaze containing 0.6% to 4% by weight of fluoride and 6% to 11.2% by weight of zinc oxide.
Abstract:
The invention is directed to a method and arrangement for generating stereoscopic images of an object. The method includes the steps of illuminating an object with an illuminating beam; masking the illuminating beam to generate a first component beam to illuminate the object at a first angle and provide a first image of the object to a first viewing eye; again masking the illuminating beam to generate a second component beam to illuminate the object at a second angle and to provide a second image of the object to a second viewing eye; and, alternately repeating the last two steps at a frequency above the flicker frequency of the human eye. In the arrangement of the invention, a beam generating device alternately generates first and second illuminating beam components which illuminate the object via illuminating optics at respectively different angles to produce respective images of the object. A directing device for alternately directing the images to the left and right eyes of a viewer at a frequency above the flicker frequency of the human eye.