摘要:
At the start-up of an engine, the ignition timing and the air-fuel ratio are controlled to prevent overload onto the volume of ISC air and decreased torque and torque difference.The fuel condition based on the amount of ignition timing correction to inhibit rotational fluctuation during idling is determined and the fuel quantity based on the result is corrected.Right after an engine has started and until a pilot burner is created in the heat spot of the catalyst, the ignition retard control is mainly executed, and at the time when it is determined that a pilot burner has been created in the catalyst's heat spot, the lean air-fuel ratio control is to be executed instead of the ignition retard control. Furthermore, when the ignition retard control changes to the lean air-fuel ratio control, the state transition control is executed along the equivalent ISC air volume line so as not to cause torque fluctuation.
摘要:
There is provided an air amount computing unit, and a fuel control unit, of an internal combustion engine that calculates a cylinder flow-in air amount during a transient state without response delay and so as not to have any inflection point in changes of flow rate and that allows a desirable air-fuel ratio to be kept. The air amount computing unit has air amount detecting means for detecting an air amount passing through an intake throttle section of the internal combustion engine, air amount computing means for obtaining a calculated value of the air amount passing through the intake throttle section from an throttle opening angle, means for obtaining an air amount flowing into a cylinder of the internal combustion engine by excluding an air amount filled into an intake manifold by filtering by a difference between a value of the air amount passing through the intake throttle section of this time and a previous filtering value, a first filter based on the air amount detected by the air amount detecting means, a second filter based on the calculated value of the air amount obtained by the air amount computing means, selecting means for selecting an input value and a previous output value of the first filter when the internal combustion engine is in a static state and selecting an input value and a previous output value of the second filter when the internal combustion engine is in a transient state and a third filter for inputting a selected value selected by said selecting means, wherein the output of the third filter is determined to be an air amount flowing into the cylinder.
摘要:
An apparatus for diagnosing deterioration of a catalyst for an internal combustion engine, having a first catalyst and a second catalyst and provided with sensors for detecting a particular exhaust component before and after the first catalyst, wherein a relationship between a deterioration property involved in clarification of an exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine by a combination of the first catalyst and the second catalyst and a deterioration property of the first catalyst are determined previously; a deterioration degree of the first catalyst is calculated according to outputs from the sensors disposed before and after the first catalyst; deterioration of the first catalyst is judged according to the deterioration degree; and deterioration of the second catalyst is judged according to the deterioration degree of the first catalyst.
摘要:
The variation of the A/F ratio and the deterioration of driving feeling or exhaust owing to the response delay of air intake against the fuel injection is suppressed, in an engine control apparatus for controlling an intake air flow based on the torque or the fuel injection amount. The apparatus causes the phase of fuel injection to fit to that of air intake. In order to fit the phase of fuel injection to that of air intake, an apparatus for delaying the fuel injection or an apparatus for speeding up the air intake is used.
摘要:
A conversion efficiency of a catalyst is determined by a cross correlation function of a cross-correlation between an output of an oxygen sensor at the upstream of the catalyst and an output of an oxygen sensor at the downstream of the catalyst, to thereby monitor deterioration index of the catalyst. Then, an air and fuel ratio is obtained from at least one of the outputs of the two oxygen sensors, to thereby adjust a fuel supply quantity, so that the fuel supply quantity can be controlled even during a period when the catalyst is being analyzed, without deviating the air and fuel ratio from a target air and fuel ratio.
摘要:
A lens-fitted photographic film package with a flash unit and a viewfinder optical system, which is thin and contributes to effective and economical automatic recycling operations. The taking lens system of the film package is accommodated in a lens holder incorporated in a photo-taking unit having photo-taking mechanisms, and is held immovably in the lens holder by a lens cover removably fitted on the lens holder by snap-in engagement. The viewfinder optical system is also incorporated in the photo-taking unit. The photo-taking unit is removably attached to a main body of the film package, and the flash unit is removably attached to the main body with its printed circuit board disposed between the photo-taking unit and a front surface of a film supply chamber. A light emitting portion of the flash unit is secured to a lateral side of the printed circuit board, so as to be disposed above the film supply chamber. A metal blade constituting a flash charging switch is removably attached to the outside of the film supply chamber. A front cover is removably attached to the main body so as to cover the front and top of the main body, the photo-taking unit and the flash unit.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for controlling the fuel injection rate of an internal combustion engine in which the formation of a fuel liquid film on interior walls of the fuel intake manifold is compensated by detecting the intake air flow rate to the internal combustion engine, and using it to access a fuel condensation rate table and a fuel evaporation rate table.
摘要:
A font converting device converts (dot density conversion) a down-line load font received through an interface device into a font represented by a dot matrix of the same size as that of a resident font stored in first memory and stores the converted down-line load font in a second memory. A control circuit selectively reads the fonts of the first memory (resident font) or the fonts of the second memory (converted down-line load font) in conformity to a font code included in print data, edits dot image data, and then provides the same to a printing unit to be controlled, namely, a printer in a narrow sense. Only the rarely used down-line load font is subjected to dot density conversion so that the print dot density of the converted down-line load font coincides with that of the print dot density of the printer to be controlled, while a frequently used font of a print dot density coinciding with that of the printer is stored as resident font. Thus, a plurality of printers differing from each other in print dot density can be connected to the host unit of a system in the same interface conditions without entailing the variation of character pattern and the size of print area.
摘要:
A lens-fitted photographic film package has at least an unexposed rolled film, a taking lens, a film transportiong mechanism, an exposure mechanism and an electronic flash as a whole contained in a light-tight case. The light-tight case comprises a main case section formed with a chamber containing therein light-tightly the unexposed rolled film and a front cover section attached to the main case section, the front cover section being formed with at least one opening for partially receiving therein a member of at least one of the mechanisms mounted on the main case section projecting beyond a plane defined by surfaces of the main case section in contact with an inner surface of the front cover section when the front cover section is securely attached to the main case section. The electronic flash unit is short-circuited to maintain the condenser of the flash unit discharged until the rolled film has been loaded in the light-tight case, so as to prevent accidental flashing that would expose the film. The lens-fitted photographic film package is enclosed in an external container having a weakened openable portion capable of being broken away from the external container to expose the contained rolled film for removal after exposure.
摘要:
A lens-fitted photographic film package comprising a light-tight film casing having an exposure opening, a rolled film disposed on one side of the exposure opening in the light-tight casing, a removable light-tight container having a film winding spool therein disposed on the other side of the exposure opening in the light-tight film casing, and an externally operable film winding member for winding the rolled film around said film winding spool of the light-tight film container. The lens-fitted photographic film package is assembled by the steps of winding film withdrawn from a light-tight film container in a roll in a darkroom; loading the rolled film and the light-tight film container in separate respective receiving chambers formed in a main body section of the lens-fitted photographic film package; and fixing a back cover section to the main body section so as to assemble light-tightly the lens-fitted photographic film package.