摘要:
The invention is directed to an information-recorded medium with easily selectable and identifiable items of information, which is virtually protected against forgery and has enhanced security against some improper use, and a method for reading such a medium. This information-recorded medium 1 includes a substrate 2 and a layer 3 with information recorded thereon by the printing of infrared absorbing ink, said layer 3 being provided on the surface of the layer 2. The printed layer 3 is provided thereon with a relief hologram-recorded layer 7 through an adhesive layer 4, said hologram-recorded layer 7 being built up of a reflecting layer 5 transparent to the infrared region and a relief hologram-formed layer 6 provided on the surface of the reflecting layer 5. For reading, the hologram-recorded layer 7 is reconstructed by visible light, while the printed layer is reconstructed by infrared light, and the medium 1 is identified on the basis of the thus reconstructed information.
摘要:
According to one embodiment, a rotor is configured by a rotor core and magnetic poles. Two or more types of permanent magnets are used such that each product of coercivity and thickness in the magnetization direction becomes different. A stator is located outside the rotor with air gap therebetween and configured by an armature core winding. At least one permanent magnet is magnetized by a magnetic field by a current of the armature winding to change a magnetic flux content thereof irreversibly. A short circuited coil is provided to surround a magnetic path portion of the other permanent magnet excluding the magnet changed irreversibly and a portion adjacent to the other permanent magnet where the magnetic flux leaks. A short-circuit current is generated in the short circuited coil by the magnetic flux generated by conducting a magnetization current to the winding. A magnetic field is generated by the short-circuit current.
摘要:
A rotating electric machine is provided, where a generator has an increased capacity and a reduced size achieved by electromagnetically effectively utilizing that parts of a rotor core which are outside the narrowest parts of magnetic poles of the rotor core to permit large field current and suppress an increase in temperature of rotor coils. The rotating electric machine includes a stator constructed by winding armature coils around a stator core (1), and a hollow circular cylindrical rotor. The rotor has at least one pair of magnetic poles (2), non-polar portions (3) between the magnetic poles, and interpolar portions (6) arranged in the non-polar portions. In the non-polar portions (3), a plurality of rotor slots (4) are arranged at predetermined intervals. Field windings are wound in each rotor slot (4). The cross-sectional areas (S) of the rotor slots (4) other than the rotor slots (4a) nearest to the magnetic poles (2) are gradually increased in the direction from the magnetic poles (2) to the interpolar portions (6).
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member; a developer carrying member, contactable to the image bearing member, for carrying a developer to a developing position to develop an electrostatic image formed on the image bearing member with the developer; a supplying member for supplying the developer to the developer carrying member, wherein a peripheral speed of the developer carrying member is not less than 1.05 times and not more than 1.20 times a peripheral speed of the image bearing member, and an arithmetic average roughness Ra is not less than 0.20 times and not more than 0.33 times a volume average particle size of the developer, wherein a potential applied to the supplying member is different from a potential applied to the developer carrying member toward a larger potential of a regular charge polarity of the developer.
摘要:
A fluid temperature control device, which includes: a main body block having a passage channel formed in a surface thereof; a thermal conducting plate that is provided on the surface of the main body block, and covers the passage channel to form a passage for passing a fluid to be temperature controlled; and temperature control means that carries out heat exchanging (heating/cooling), by way of the thermal conducting plate, with the fluid passing through the passage, in which the passage abutting on the thermal conducting plate connects a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet formed in the main body block, and is a single passage having an approximately constant passage cross-sectional area over its entire length.
摘要:
A manufacturing time of a semiconductor device is shortened by raising and dropping a base temperature of a semiconductor wafer such as silicon wafer to a target temperature at a high speed, a semiconductor device is manufactured with high qualities by making an in-plane temperature distribution of the semiconductor wafer a desired temperature distribution with high accuracy (by uniformizing an in-plane temperature and varying the in-plane temperature distribution for each region), and furthermore, an apparatus with excellent energy efficiency can be simply configured. When the temperature of the semiconductor wafer is controlled to be the target temperature by raising the temperature of the semiconductor wafer, control means performs switching so as to supply a high-temperature circulating liquid at a temperature higher than the target temperature in a high-temperature tank to a channel in a stage, and controls the thermoelectric element in plural zones so that the temperature of the semiconductor wafer coincides with the target temperature and the in-plane temperature distribution of the semiconductor wafer becomes the desired temperature distribution.
摘要:
A diagnosis device for diagnosing loosening of a stator core of a rotary electrical machine. The diagnosis device has: excitation means for vibrating the stator core in the radial direction; vibration detection means for detecting the vibration of the stator core in the radial direction; means for frequency-analyzing an output signal of the vibration detection means that detects vibration generated in the stator core when the stator core is vibrated by the excitation means so as to extract a measurement natural vibration mode of the stator core in a circular ring natural vibration mode; means for estimating a circular ring natural vibration mode of the stator core from shape data of the stator core; and means for determining a clamping state of the stator core by comparing the measurement natural vibration mode and a determination criterion obtained based on the estimated natural vibration mode.
摘要:
A rotor for a rotating electrical machine suppresses demagnetization of permanent magnets without deteriorating motor characteristics, is low-cost, and is highly reliable. The rotor has a plurality of rotor cores (2) that are stacked together, a plurality of permanent magnets (6a, 6b) axially divided by the rotor cores (2) and circumferentially arranged on each of the rotor cores (2), to circumferentially form magnetic irregularities, and a rotor blank (14a) made of nonmagnetic material arranged between those of the rotor cores (2) that are adjacent to each other.
摘要:
A developing apparatus in which a toner has a volume-average particle diameter R that is in a range of 4.0 μm≦R≦6.2 μm, a developing roller has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra (μm) that is not more than 0.10 times the volume-average particle diameter R of the toner, a voltage applied to a supply roller is of negative polarity, that is, a normal charging polarity of the toner, triboelectrification polarity of the supply roller with respect to the toner is negative, that is, of the normal charging polarity of the toner, and an abutment width S in which the developing roller and the supply roller abut each other is in a range of 2.5 mm≦S≦5.5 mm.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus is provided, which controls an appropriate developer amount for a desired image so that an image defect such as an unclear font or a white area is prevented, resulting in a stable image formation for a long term. A developer regulating member has a resistance value varying depending on a voltage to be applied. A control device changes over the voltage to be applied to the developer regulating member during the image formation according to image information and changes a potential difference between the developer carrying member and the developer regulating member.