摘要:
To be able to insert bands of an arbitrary length into a machine unit, for example intermediate carrier bands given an electrophotographic printer device, the band is seated on tubes. The tubes are pushed into receptacles arranged in the machine unit. The band can then be slipped over the transport and guide drums arranged in the machine unit. Subsequently, the band is tensed and the tubes are pulled from the receptacles.
摘要:
In a method for controlling the operation of an internal combustion engine, a target torque to be produced is determined in several steps: In a first step a torque requested by a user is determined and modified in subsequent steps by different functions, which reproduce the influences of at least one continuously determined working and/or operating parameter of the engine on the torque that is actually produced, in such a way that at the end of the steps the target torque required during the engine operation is defined and the engine operation and the determination of the working and/or operating parameter are monitored for errors. If errors occur, diagnostic values that describe or indicate the errors are generated and used to modify, in particular limit the target torque. The diagnostic values are individually assigned to the individual steps to modify the determination or modification of the torque performed in each step.
摘要:
A controller structure for more than two drive units coupled mechanically to a movable element includes a position measuring device for determining an actual position of the movable element and a position controller for calculating a setpoint speed from a setpoint position and the actual position, the position measuring device and the position controller jointly serving all drive units. Each drive unit, however, has a speed controller of its own. The drive units are configured either as master or as slave, individual drive units also being able to assume both functions. A torque-master-slave controller ensures a compensation of the torques between the drive units.
摘要:
A method for a fill level measurement in accordance with the running time principle, which functions dependably over a long period of time, is provided, having a fill level measuring device with an ultrasonic sensor for transmitting and receiving ultrasound, wherein a repeated check of a resonance frequency of the ultrasonic sensor is performed, in the course of which the ultrasonic sensor is briefly excited to oscillate, following the excitation a signal received by the ultrasonic sensor is picked up, and the actual resonance frequency of the ultrasonic sensor is determined by means of the received signal in that the received signal is digitized and supplied to a digital signal processor, a Fourier transformation of the digitized received signal is performed in the signal processor, a maximum of the Fourier-transformed received signal is determined as a function of the frequency, a frequency at which the maximum occurs is stored as the actual resonance frequency, and during measuring operations the ultrasonic sensor is excited by the digital signal processor by means of the last determined actual resonance frequency.
摘要:
To achieve great security against failure in lamps for medical applications, especially lamps for surgery, two electric bulbs are placed each in a concave mirror of ellipsoidal shape as part of a reflector, the two concave mirrors having focal points which are aligned with one another along an optical axis. The concave mirror provided to serve as the main lamp is configured as a ring reflector, while the concave mirror designed to operate as a reserve lamp closes off the reflector on the side facing away from the direction of emergence of the light. Thus, in the event of a change from main lamp operation to reserve lamp operation, the illuminated field is maintained at least approximately in its size and the location does not change (X and Y directions).
摘要:
An aspirator pump, especially for medical purposes, has a receptacle with two chambers arranged alongside each other, which are connected with a suction tube, and on each of which an element is arranged which is movable approximately parallel to the other, each partially enclosing a hollow space for generating a vacuum. The two movable elements are connected to each other by means of a lever, whose two end parts are attached at the upper area of the respective movable elements, and whose middle part is movably attached in a bearing positioned between the chambers. In the upper area of each movable element a one way valve is installed which opens when the pressure in the hollow space is higher than the surrounding air pressure. An easy operation and cleaning, as well as a reliable aspiration is obtained with the aspirator pump, owing to the fact that at all times a chamber and a movable element enclose a common, variable hollow space, wherein the movable element bounds the upper area of the hollow space. The two hollow spaces are connected through a common manifold with a connection for the suction tube of a catheter, and an additional one way valve is arranged at the entrance of each hollow space into the manifold, which closes when the pressure in the hollow space is greater than the surrounding pressure.
摘要:
In a valve, the number of components of the valve pipe is reduced, so that the number of joints and connecting points is also reduced,. The entire valve pipe is manufactured from magnetically conductive material, so that one can dispense with non-magnetic adapters. The valve is especially suited for use in fuel-injection systems of mixture-compressing internal-combustion engines having externally supplied ignition.
摘要:
An injection valve, having a valve closing member comprising a method for producing a nozzle holder for an armature and a valve closing body, disposed within a nozzle holder. The nozzle holder has a bore which is provided with at least one guide protrusion on end and that extends at least partway around the bore. The guide protrusion is stamped into a guide segment of the nozzle holder. The injection valve is especially suited for fuel injection systems of mixture-compressing internal combustion engines with externally supplied ignition.
摘要:
A controller structure for more than two drive units coupled mechanically to a movable element includes a position measuring device for determining an actual position of the movable element and a position controller for calculating a setpoint speed from a setpoint position and the actual position, the position measuring device and the position controller jointly serving all drive units. Each drive unit, however, has a speed controller of its own. The drive units are configured either as master or as slave, individual drive units also being able to assume both functions. A torque-master-slave controller ensures a compensation of the torques between the drive units.
摘要:
A method for determining the optimum procedure for a job change on a printing-material processing machine (10) with at least one control computer. The data of a first machine job is compared to the data of a subsequent machine job using a control computer, and the comparison is used to establish an order of the operations to be carried out during the job change. Also provided is a device for determining the optimum procedure for a job change on a printing-material processing machine (10) with at least one control computer. The control computer is intended to compare the data of a first machine job to the data of a subsequent machine job, and to use the comparison to establish an order of the operations to be carried out during the job change.